丁云川：精心守望杭州古都文化

捐贈(zèng)藏品

杭州民間有個(gè)頗有名聲的文物收藏者和捐贈(zèng)者，名叫丁云川。他熱心尋覓歷史遺存的古跡、碑刻、古籍和字畫，常在街坊、地?cái)偂⒌赇伜蜕剿g躑躅，一旦覓得，即傾囊買下。

不過讓許多人不解的是，這位熱心尋覓古物者，他所以尋覓古物并不為自己趨利，而是為了回贈(zèng)社會(huì)。

丁云川第一次向社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)文物收藏品始于20世紀(jì)90年代初期。當(dāng)時(shí)家里收藏著一塊清代的“辟火碑”，石碑長33.5厘米，寬24厘米。碑上刻有辟火圖和文字：“真武辟火圖，能返風(fēng)滅火，屢著靈驗(yàn)……火災(zāi)宜懸此圖鎮(zhèn)之”。原來古時(shí)杭州在鼓樓、水星閣、眾安橋邊的關(guān)帝廟前，分別立有三塊辟火碑，其中兩塊辟火碑在“大躍進(jìn)”和“文革”年代被毀，而丁云川收藏的這塊辟火碑，是從當(dāng)年慶春路拓寬拆除關(guān)帝廟墻時(shí)覓到的，它是一塊歷史孤碑。有位臺(tái)商聞?dòng)嵑蠼葑愕情T，愿意出資收購，丁云川婉拒出售，說這塊辟火碑是杭州的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，應(yīng)該保存在杭州。為此，丁云川決定向社會(huì)無償捐贈(zèng)，將古碑送交杭州碑林文物保護(hù)所收藏保管。經(jīng)專家鑒定，此古碑為國內(nèi)唯一的辟火圖碑。

丁云川捐贈(zèng)行動(dòng)此后便一發(fā)而不可收。他于30多年前在古舊書店購得的《敷文書院志略》，想不到21世紀(jì)初為杭州重建萬松書院（即敷文書院）立了大功。因?yàn)檫@是全面記載這座古代書院的志書，書里附有當(dāng)時(shí)書院規(guī)模的全景圖與書院的環(huán)境和建筑，其館樓亭閣方位坐標(biāo)也一目了然，這對(duì)于當(dāng)今復(fù)建和還原萬松書院本來面貌，提供了充分的依據(jù)。鑒于此書對(duì)恢復(fù)杭州名勝有價(jià)值，丁云川將《敷文書院志略》及清代《敷文書院課卷》一起向萬松書院建設(shè)單位——杭州市園文局作了無償捐贈(zèng)。

2005年杭州市籌建西湖博物館，籌建部門向社會(huì)各界廣泛征集有關(guān)西湖的歷史文化以及文物收藏。此時(shí)丁云川又毫不猶豫地將家藏的有關(guān)西湖的書籍、字畫、碑拓、楹聯(lián)、古塔磚等文物無償捐贈(zèng)給杭州西湖博物館。捐了這些文物，丁云川如釋重負(fù)地輕輕地吁了一口氣，他覺得收藏的這些文物有了最佳的歸宿。

尋覓古跡

名人古墓是古都杭州歷史文化深沉的積聚之處，這是丁云川關(guān)注和守望的文物“圣地”。我國北宋時(shí)期著名的偉大科學(xué)家沈括撰寫了科學(xué)巨著《夢(mèng)溪筆談》，全面總結(jié)了我國宋代以前數(shù)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、天文學(xué)、地理學(xué)、氣象學(xué)、生物學(xué)、醫(yī)藥學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)技術(shù)研究成果。英國劍橋大學(xué)著名教授李約瑟博士，稱贊沈括是“中國整部科學(xué)史上最卓越的人物”。

沈括出生在杭州松木場，晚年居住余杭區(qū)安溪鄉(xiāng)下溪村太平山。太平山下有條名為“夢(mèng)溪”的溪流，于是沈括把自己的著作稱為《夢(mèng)溪筆談》，他在生前也希望百年之后歸宿于太平山。

2002年清明前夕，丁云川冒雨來到余杭區(qū)安溪鄉(xiāng)。經(jīng)四處打聽終于頗費(fèi)周折地在太平山崎嶇的山岙里找到了荒草叢中的沈括墓。墓地已湮沒在一片茂盛的茶園里，丁云川撥開荒草，看到了墓碑和石人等文物遺跡，他當(dāng)即拍下了照片。回家后丁云川投書杭州日?qǐng)?bào)，反映宋朝杭州的大科學(xué)家沈括墓葬荒蕪的“凄涼”景象。杭州市政府據(jù)此作出決定，由市園文局和余杭區(qū)政府共同負(fù)責(zé)修繕沈括墓，并下文將沈括墓列為市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位。

杭州西湖邊和四周群山上有許多古代名人墓、辛亥革命的烈士墓、民國時(shí)期文人墓，如魏源、林啟、蘇曼殊、惠興、徐自華和林寒碧、徐蘊(yùn)華夫婦等等。丁云川認(rèn)真收集有關(guān)歷史資料，同時(shí)上山尋尋覓覓，一座座對(duì)號(hào)入座，他將勘查結(jié)果向政府作了報(bào)告，杭州市政府十分重視丁云川的報(bào)告，他所提出的建議大多有了落實(shí)。

不久前丁云川在龍井發(fā)現(xiàn)一塊湮沒的古碑，碑文見證了龍井的茶文化史，他當(dāng)即將這一發(fā)現(xiàn)報(bào)告了有關(guān)部門。

難忘教誨

丁云川熱愛文物來源于家庭熏陶和教誨。有一次，丁云川父親帶著他來到杭州佑圣觀路梅花碑，看見路邊一塊石碑，丁老先生用手絹輕輕拭去古石碑上的塵埃對(duì)兒子說：“這石碑上的梅石圖是明朝著名畫家藍(lán)瑛和孫合作的名畫，清朝的乾隆皇帝下江南游覽，特地到杭州來觀賞這塊梅石碑，你看，碑上還有乾隆的題詩呢！”丁父淵博的文史知識(shí)和對(duì)文物的熱愛，無疑對(duì)少年丁云川產(chǎn)生很大的影響，為他日后摯愛杭州的歷史文化、守望古都的文化和遺產(chǎn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

1958年，時(shí)年16歲的丁云川就讀于杭州一中，那年夏天他在杭州市的半山腳下參加支農(nóng)勞動(dòng)，無意間從爛泥田里撿到兩件骨制器物。學(xué)農(nóng)回來，丁云川就跑到浙江省博物館請(qǐng)教專業(yè)人員，請(qǐng)教此骨器為何物？省博物館人員指點(diǎn)他去請(qǐng)教我國著名文史學(xué)家、國學(xué)大師馬一浮先生，于是丁云川又不知疲倦地趕到蔣莊，年逾古稀的馬一浮先生仔細(xì)鑒賞骨器后，告訴小丁這是杭州先民骨制品遺物：一件是骨制刮削器，另一件是骨制裝飾品。馬一浮先生還對(duì)丁云川熱愛文物的精神給予贊揚(yáng)。馬一浮先生這次對(duì)丁云川的指導(dǎo)，深刻地影響了他的一生。從此，丁云川義無反顧地決心成為民間尋覓、發(fā)現(xiàn)、守望、保護(hù)文物遺產(chǎn)的有心人。

1987年4月，中央文史館館長、國家文物鑒定委員會(huì)主任委員、北京師范大學(xué)著名教授啟功先生來到杭州，抽時(shí)間接見了丁云川。當(dāng)他們推心置腹地談到文物保護(hù)和收藏問題時(shí)，啟功先生說：“文物這東西，一件就是一件，是無價(jià)的。”又說，“你搞文物收藏，不要為收藏而收藏，應(yīng)該為社會(huì)而收藏，一旦藏品為社會(huì)所用，那就真正起到收藏的作用了。”啟功先生這番話，震撼了丁云川的心靈，他暗暗地下定決心，一定將啟功先生的這番話作為自己收藏文物的人生坐標(biāo)，用實(shí)際行動(dòng)去兌現(xiàn)啟功先生關(guān)于文物收藏的至理名言。

Guardian of Hangzhou’s Ancient Culture

By Ge Xuguo

Ding Yunchuan enjoys a moderate reputation among local collectors and donators of cultural treasures in Hangzhou. An enthusiastic collector， he is frequently seen hunting cultural relics through the old downtown， antique shops and hills in suburbs. When he spots something valuable and affordable in an antique shop or market， he will not hesitate to buy it. However， Ding does not buy valuable things for his own collection. He donates them to his hometown Hangzhou.

His first donation occurred in the early 1990s when he gave away a stone monument of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the government. The 33.5-cm-long， 24-cm-wide stone stele is actually a talisman carved with a painting and an inscription， believed to hold a magic power to keep fire disasters away. According to historical records， the city had three such talismans established respectively at the Drum Tower， the Water-Star House and the Temple of Lord Guan. Two of them were destroyed respectively in the Great Leap-Forward years in the late 1950s and in the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). The one Ding Yunchuan rescued was for the Temple of Lord Guan. When the temple was being dismantled as a nearby street was undergoing an expansion project， the stone stele was found in a wall of the temple. Learning that Ding had acquired the valuable antique， a businessman from Taiwan offered to buy it. Ding turned down the proposal， saying that the talisman should stay with the city because it was part of the city’s history. Ding donated the ancient stone monument to a city-sponsored establishment specialized in protecting local ancient stone steles. Experts evaluating the monument confirmed that it is the only one of its kind in the country.

Among Ding’s large collection of antiques were a few ancient books about the Academy of Ten-Thousand-Pines， an academy in Hangzhou，which he had purchased at a second-hand bookstore more than 30 years ago. A few years ago， the local government wanted to rebuild the academy. The books Ding acquired played a pivotal role， for one of the books had a detailed map marking all the buildings on the campus and all the architectural drawings of these buildings. Ding later donated the books to the city’s administration of parks and cultural relics.

In 2005， Hangzhou wanted to build a West Lake museum and asked local residents to offer information on the basis of their private possessions and collections so that the preparatory office could know more about the city’s past. Ding Yunchuan donated books， paintings and inscriptions， stele rubbings， couplets and ancient pagoda bricks to the museum. Ding heaved a sight of relief because， he believed， the museum was the best home for these precious relics.

Over centuries， numerous celebrities were buried around Hangzhou， the once capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). With the palaces and many representative buildings of the dynasty and later centuries nearly all gone， the graves are the only remnants of the past glories and memories. That is probably why many people like Ding believe these tombs are where the city’s history was buried. Ding is one of the guardians who have searched for and taken care of these tombs.

One of the most important tombs he has rediscovered is one of Shen Kuo， a great scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)， who authored Dream Stream Essays on many scientific subjects， presumably the greatest illustrated encyclopedia on science and technology of the ancient China. Shen was born in Hangzhou and later retired to Anxi Township， Yuhang District. The scientist mentioned in his essays that he wished to be buried at the Peace Hill in Anxi. Before the Qingming Festival in 2002， Ding Yunchuan went to the town in search of the tomb. It was raining. He asked around and finally in a valley he found the tomb in a tea garden. The tomb was in miserable repair and covered by messy weeds. Ding took photographs and later reported his investigation results to the city government. The tomb was immediately put under the city-level protection and it has now been repaired.

With textual researches on tombs of historical personages in Hangzhou， Ding has conducted field researches on many of these tombs and made suggestions for protection to the city government. Most of these suggestions have been adopted.

Ding Yunchuan’s passion for protection of the city’s cultural relics came from his father， a learned man who knew a great deal about the cultural past of Hangzhou. The junior remembers vividly how his father one day showed him a roadside stone monument in old downtown and talked enthusiastically about its history and anecdotes.

Ding Yunchuan’s earliest personal probe into the past occurred when he was sixteen. On a summer day， he and his classmates were working on a farm in the northern suburb of Hangzhou. He picked up two bone implements from a farming field. Back to the city from the farm， he asked experts at the provincial museum to take a look at the two bone implements. He was referred to Ma Yifu， a master of history and ancient literary classics. The master examined the bones and said one was a scraper and the other ornamental article， created by the ancient ancestors of Hangzhou. The master praised Ding and encouraged him to do more for the protection of cultural relics. The meeting with the master had a profound on him.

Another influential personage Ding met was Qigong， then curator of the Central Research Institute of Culture and History and a senior member of the State Committee for Cultural Relics Authentication and a professor with Beijing Teachers University. It was in April， 1987 when Master Qigong came to Hangzhou and met with Ding Yunchuan. Qigong talked about the social significance of cultural relics， saying ‘Collecting cultural relics should not be done purely for the sake of collecting; it will be most ideal if collecting is for the general public. If something from the past becomes useful again for the society of today， then collecting efforts pay off.?Qigong’s remark becomes Ding’s motto and years later he began to donate the antiques he had collected.

(Translated by David)