名揚波蘭文壇的胡佩方

通過越洋電話，向名揚波蘭文壇的華人女作家胡佩方送去新春的祝福。76歲的老作家笑問道：“你不知道時差6小時，我這里還是凌晨四點嗎？你什么時候再到華沙來？”

12年前，記者隨中國新聞代表團(tuán)訪波時，胡佩方為代表團(tuán)當(dāng)了五天翻譯。前五天，譯員是一位身材修長的波蘭姑娘，可能學(xué)歷、閱歷有限，她翻譯起來不是詞不達(dá)意，就是半句“卡殼”。而當(dāng)胡佩方一接上頭，即以一口流利的波文和漢語讓我們喜形于色。

從來不向困難低頭

胡佩方1931年生于湖南汨羅江畔，祖上是清廷官吏，家有五進(jìn)房、桂花數(shù)百棵，青少年時代常泛舟玩月、樹下賞花，領(lǐng)略“月中桂子落，天香云外飄”的佳趣。也許是沾了屈原的文氣才情，她從小就愛好文學(xué)。上世紀(jì)50年代初，胡佩方在中國人民大學(xué)求學(xué)時與一位波蘭留學(xué)生相戀，被批評“有嚴(yán)重的資產(chǎn)階級思想”，倔強的她費盡周折，通過波蘭駐華使館出面申請，當(dāng)時兼任外長的周恩來總理親自批準(zhǔn)，才于1955年10月到華沙與波蘭同學(xué)完婚。

初到波蘭，不通波語，胡佩方為了勝任在華沙大學(xué)教授漢語的工作，一方面發(fā)奮學(xué)習(xí)波語，一方面通過自己較為熟悉的俄語、英語，左依右傍，逐漸適應(yīng)了這份工作。

與此同時，胡佩方買取和借來大量波蘭書籍，以比普通波蘭人多幾十倍的閱讀量，夜以繼日地裝填自己的知識口袋，讓波蘭的社會歷史和民俗風(fēng)情逐漸爛熟于心。

她懼怕牛油，畏對奶酪，幾十年與西餐無緣，常吃雜糧度日，以自做的中國小菜佐餐，并通過壓腿練功，保持50公斤的體重和旺盛的精力，承擔(dān)起了沉重的工作和生活壓力。

經(jīng)過幾十年的歷練奮斗，胡佩方成了兼通波文和漢語的雙料專家，是波蘭境內(nèi)唯一用當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言寫作的華人作家，不但發(fā)表了近兩百篇書評、影評、散文和報告文學(xué)，還翻譯了艾蕪的《南行記》、徐懷中的《我們播種愛情》及古典名著《金瓶梅》等中國書籍。

她把一冊簽名的波文《金瓶梅》贈給記者時說：“古人說‘成事在天’，我不信這一套。我的哲學(xué)是自尊自愛，事在人為。我從不向困難低頭，不對命運屈服，只有這樣，才能迎來成功。”

分明是一本活辭典

艱苦磨礪幾十年，胡佩方成了一位名副其實的“波蘭通”。

初見面時，見她頭發(fā)蓬松，皮膚黝黑，頭披一方苗家婦女的花巾，胸掛一串土家族的飾鏈，看上去像一位土里土氣的上了年紀(jì)的“湘妹子”。不料幾日接觸下來，這才發(fā)現(xiàn)她不但興趣廣泛，而且知識淵博。我們提出的問題，她幾乎都能對答如流。

問起華沙的綠化狀況，胡佩方答道：華沙是世界上綠化最好的城市，林木覆蓋率超過30％。這兒人人愛樹木，守林人都是大學(xué)畢業(yè)的專業(yè)人員，林中禁伐禁獵，即使在自家園內(nèi)砍一條樹枝，也要經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的批準(zhǔn)手續(xù)。

看到有些耕地形似拋荒，胡佩方說：那不是拋荒，是輪作。中國人均耕地不足一畝，而波蘭人少地多，人均耕地至少3公頃（一公頃為15畝），有的地方人均超過50公頃呢！

問及波蘭的特產(chǎn)，胡佩方回答說：琥珀，產(chǎn)量世界第一。這些可以防風(fēng)濕、防輻射的寶貝，是3000萬年至5000萬年前的松香化石。中國撫順有少量出產(chǎn)，而波蘭產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的一半以上。

在哥白尼的高大塑像前，胡佩方脫口而出：哥白尼是波蘭的天才天文學(xué)家，他的革命性發(fā)現(xiàn)是當(dāng)代全部宇宙知識的基礎(chǔ)。其“日心說”讓他進(jìn)入了世界不朽偉人的行列。若要深入了解，可以看一下1988年新華出版社出版的《哥白尼傳》。

在參觀另一位世界名人肖邦的故居時，我們被這位音樂才華蓋世的波蘭人的滿腔愛國情懷所感動。波蘭翻譯介紹，39歲的肖邦在巴黎臨終前一再叮囑姐姐一定要把他的心臟帶回祖國，可翻譯不清楚如今這顆愛國心到底安放何處。后來問胡佩方，她不假思索：“在華沙圣十字教堂。”見記者熱切期望能去實地尋訪，胡佩方寬慰道：“放心，一定讓你如愿！”就在飛離華沙的當(dāng)天，胡佩方特意請駛向機場的汽車司機繞道圣十字教堂，陪我們瞻仰了安放在教堂內(nèi)右邊第二根方形立柱里的愛國心，這終于使我得以順利寫成報告文學(xué)《尋訪肖邦的愛國心》。

中國駐波蘭大使館的官員告訴我們，對于初到波蘭的訪問者來說，積累知識幾十年的胡佩方就像一本活辭典，幾乎沒有回答不了的問題。

搭起一座友誼橋

胡佩方在華沙的三大間住宅，擠塞滿了中國的各種書籍、古董、書畫、工藝品。《中國大百科全書》《太平廣記》《魯迅全集》以及叢維熙的《斷橋》、鄧友梅的《煙壺》、蔣子龍的《拜年》等許多古今作家的著作堆滿了幾個書架；木雕、牙雕、石雕、竹根雕和各式金銀首飾應(yīng)有盡有；北京的宮燈、浙江的根雕、蘇州的刺繡、湖南的泥塑、土家族的布娃娃、苗族的香袋琳瑯滿目，整個家就像一座藝術(shù)宮、博物館。她將豐富的藏品不時借出去展覽，讓波蘭人更多地觸摸到燦爛的中國文化。幾天前，波蘭一個展覽館剛從她家借去460件工藝品，準(zhǔn)備搞一次中國工藝品專題展。胡佩方說：“我要讓中國文化走近更多的波蘭民眾，讓他們更加喜歡中國。”

胡佩方還不斷撰寫文章在波蘭報刊上發(fā)表，熱情介紹中國文化和風(fēng)情，因而成了名揚波蘭文壇的中國文化的“百科全書”，通過各種途徑向她討教的人大都能如愿以償。

作為久居華沙52年的波籍名人，胡佩方也滿腔熱忱向中國人民不斷推介波蘭文化和民族風(fēng)情。她抵波蘭不久，就在中國《旅行家》雜志上發(fā)表文章，向中國讀者繪聲繪色地介紹波蘭南方的歷史名城克拉科夫。她先后為100多個訪波的中國代表團(tuán)擔(dān)任翻譯，從王任重率領(lǐng)的黨政代表團(tuán)，到郭風(fēng)帶隊的中國作家代表團(tuán)，她都熱情、耐心地詳盡介紹波蘭情況，千方百計讓每位代表團(tuán)成員“滿載而歸”。她收集了幾大盒波蘭硬幣和大摞波蘭郵票，讓前來拜訪的中國朋友們挑選。曾有一個四人代表團(tuán)與波方銜接有誤，找不到接待方，胡佩方就讓全體成員在家里整整住了三天。居住在波蘭的3000華人，大都知道助人為樂的胡佩方的大名，并親切地叫她“胡大姐”。

辛勤壘砌半世紀(jì)，胡佩方在中波之間架起了一座牢固的友誼之橋。

2006年10月，胡佩方作為中波電影人合拍的影片《虎年之戀》的藝術(shù)顧問，專程來杭州參加“金雞獎”、“百花獎”電影節(jié)，對杭州留下了十分美好的印象。她在電話中說：“西湖太美了！我登上吳山城隍閣，還是沒有看清她的全貌。有機會我還會去杭州，把西湖美景看個夠。”

（本文攝影 傅通先）

Chinese-Polish Writer Flourishes in Poland

By Fu Tongxian

The other day I made an international call to Hu Peifang in Poland at 10 o’olock Beijing time and said my New Year greetings to the 76-year-old Chinese writer who has lived in Poland for 52 years. I could hear her laughing at the other end when she asked me if I knew it was four o’olock in the morning in Poland. Then she asked when I would revisit Warsaw.

My visit to Poland as a member of a delegation of Chinese journalists occurred twelve years ago. Hu Peifang acted as our interpreter for the last five days. In the first five days we had a Polish girl as our interpreter. She did an unsatisfactory job. When Hu came， we were pleased that we were saved by her fluent Chinese and Polish.

It was how I got to know Hu Peifang. Hu was born into a rich family in central China's Hunan Province in 1931. A great grandfather of hers was a high-ranking official in the government of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). That explained why the family lived in large compound with a five-row house and four patios and a large garden with hundreds of osmanthus trees. While studying in the early 1950s in Beijing， she fell in love with a Polish student and with the approval of late Zhou Enlai， then premier and foreign minister of New China， she was able to migrate to Poland and marry her sweetheart in October， 1955 in Warsaw.

She got a job of teaching Chinese at Warsaw University. A thorny problem was that she knew nothing of the Polish language. So she learned the language with the aid of her working knowledge of Russian and English. Soon she mastered the language and taught Chinese well at the university. Meanwhile she had a self-designed study course on Poland. Over years， she read and read. Gradually she learned the history and society of her new country. Now she is the only writer in Poland who can write professionally in both Polish and Chinese. She has published nearly 200 essays， book reviews， film reviews and reportages. She has also translated some Chinese literary masterpieces into Polish.

I remember how we met Hu the first time. At the first sight， she impressed me as a swarthy elderly woman from Hunan as she was dressed with ethnic ornaments typical of the central Hunan province. Pretty soon， we found that she was an erudite. As a matter of fact， she knew almost everything we could imagine to ask about Poland. For example， she knew about the forest coverage of Poland and forest rangers. She knew the agricultural fallow system in Poland and why. She told us about the world's number one amber industry in Poland. She told us about Copernicus and Chopin and knew where the heart of Chopin was buried.

Officials with the Chinese Embassy to Poland told us that Chinese visitors in Poland could rely on Hu Peifang for answers， for she really knew everything about Poland. Over the 5 decades， she has acted as an interpreter for more than 100 Chinese delegations visiting Poland.

For the people in Poland， she is a China expert. Her spacious three-room apartment in Warsaw is stuffed with Chinese books， antiques， paintings and calligraphies， and arts and crafts. The whole apartment is like a museum and an art gallery. She told me over the phone that， just a few days before， a museum had borrowed 460 pieces of crafts and arts pieces from her to hold an exhibition on Chinese arts and crafts.

Hu Peifang is a cultural bridge between China and Poland.

And she has visited Hangzhou. In October， 2006， she came to Hangzhou as the cultural advisor to a Polish-China joint-venture movie and attended the China Golden Rooster Awards and the Hundred-Flowers Awards Film Festival held in Hangzhou. She was impressed by the beauty of the West Lake. On the phone， she said， “The West Lake is amazingly beautiful. I took a panoramic view of the lake on the City God Tower on the Wu Hill， but I failed to see everything there. If I have another opportunity to visit Hangzhou， I will certainly see everything about the West Lake.”

(Translated by David)