李紅：古箏奏出中德曼妙清音

交融磨合十三年

2006年9月29日晚，德國(guó)漢堡的一家劇院內(nèi)座無(wú)虛席，著名古箏演奏家李紅的獨(dú)奏音樂(lè)會(huì)正在這里舉行。這是漢堡市政府為慶祝漢堡與中國(guó)上海結(jié)為友好城市20周年舉行的“中國(guó)周活動(dòng)”中的的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容，來(lái)自上海、浙江等地的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、科技、教育界人士組成的中國(guó)政府代表團(tuán)與漢堡市各界人士，共同觀賞了這場(chǎng)充滿中德友誼的音樂(lè)會(huì)。

音樂(lè)會(huì)上身穿中式旗袍的李紅，演奏了數(shù)十首中國(guó)與德國(guó)的名曲。中國(guó)樂(lè)曲的明快、秀麗與德國(guó)音樂(lè)的奔放、熱烈，成為這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的一大亮點(diǎn)，這是一次典型的中西方音樂(lè)的交融、碰撞與對(duì)話。李紅細(xì)膩、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奶幚恚俊故斓难葑嗉记桑f重、含蓄的東方女性氣質(zhì)傾倒了全場(chǎng)觀眾，來(lái)自上海、浙江的賓客紛紛擁上舞臺(tái)向李紅表示祝賀。他們說(shuō)，這是第一次在異國(guó)看到古老的民族樂(lè)器古箏能如此深獲德國(guó)觀眾的心，中國(guó)民族樂(lè)器大有作為啊！他們?yōu)槔罴t在德國(guó)的成功叫好，為李紅在德國(guó)執(zhí)著傳播中國(guó)文化叫好。李紅握著同胞的手，內(nèi)心也無(wú)法平靜！是啊，她在德國(guó)已經(jīng)安家落戶13年了，這13年是她融入德國(guó)文化的13年，是矢志不渝地傳播中國(guó)文化的13年，她清楚地記得13年前第一次為德國(guó)觀眾演奏的前前后后：

那次經(jīng)她的德國(guó)丈夫米歇埃爾介紹，認(rèn)識(shí)了一位德國(guó)的著名畫(huà)家。這位畫(huà)家正要在他的家鄉(xiāng)舉辦畫(huà)展。畫(huà)家邀請(qǐng)李紅參加他的開(kāi)幕式，并現(xiàn)場(chǎng)為賓客演奏一曲。這是李紅來(lái)德國(guó)后的第一次亮相。席間，李紅演奏了中國(guó)名曲《漁舟唱晚》《月兒高》，樂(lè)曲所傳達(dá)的那種典雅、高貴，迷倒了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)所有嘉賓。他們不知道中國(guó)竟有如此奇妙的樂(lè)器，有如此仙景般的音樂(lè)。他們以前對(duì)中國(guó)音樂(lè)的了解只局限于中國(guó)的京劇，然而中國(guó)京劇的高亢與歐洲音樂(lè)有很大的差距，而李紅的一曲古箏演奏，一下子打開(kāi)了德國(guó)觀眾對(duì)中國(guó)音樂(lè)的視野，他們驚喜地說(shuō)，中國(guó)還有這么美麗的音樂(lè)，還有如此豐富多變的古箏演奏技巧，太不可思議了！

從此，李紅的名字漸漸為德國(guó)觀眾所熟悉，有多家德國(guó)著名的交響樂(lè)團(tuán)和李紅合作舉辦古箏與交響樂(lè)音樂(lè)會(huì)，1997年9月李紅被莫扎特交響樂(lè)團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)、著名指揮家羅伯特邀請(qǐng)，首次進(jìn)入漢堡音樂(lè)廳，和交響樂(lè)團(tuán)合作舉辦古箏與交響樂(lè)音樂(lè)會(huì)。這對(duì)所有中國(guó)音樂(lè)家而言，都帶有里程碑式的意義。因?yàn)閺哪翘炱穑袊?guó)古老的古箏真正進(jìn)入了歐洲的音樂(lè)殿堂，她演奏的中國(guó)古箏曲，經(jīng)過(guò)德國(guó)著名作曲家的交響樂(lè)配器，顯得更加豐滿大氣，而李紅演奏的德國(guó)樂(lè)曲，都由德國(guó)作曲家為李紅度身創(chuàng)作，這本身就是兩國(guó)藝術(shù)家通力合作的一項(xiàng)文化工程，加上演奏間隙李紅操一口流利的德語(yǔ)對(duì)作品進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)解釋，更與德國(guó)觀眾拉近了距離，德國(guó)觀眾打心眼里喜歡這位中國(guó)女演奏家。從此，阿爾斯特河畔時(shí)時(shí)響起悠遠(yuǎn)、曼妙的中國(guó)古箏聲。此后李紅多次被漢堡市政府邀請(qǐng)，舉辦過(guò)各種形式的音樂(lè)會(huì)，漢堡市市長(zhǎng)、議會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)成了音樂(lè)會(huì)的常客，幾乎每場(chǎng)必到；中國(guó)駐德國(guó)的馬燦榮特使，駐漢堡的潘海豐領(lǐng)事也成了李紅音樂(lè)會(huì)的忠實(shí)觀眾，一批來(lái)自德國(guó)各大學(xué)的學(xué)生成了李紅的古箏迷。

李紅每年的演出在50場(chǎng)左右，13年下來(lái)共演了600場(chǎng)，這個(gè)數(shù)字滲透了李紅對(duì)中國(guó)民族音樂(lè)的執(zhí)著之心，也是李紅傳播中國(guó)文化的一大見(jiàn)證。《漢堡晚報(bào)》在一篇評(píng)論李紅的文章中這樣寫(xiě)道：“這注定是一個(gè)奇妙的夜晚，奇妙的古箏，奇妙的演奏，它把我們帶進(jìn)了一個(gè)奇妙而又陌生的音樂(lè)世界。這樣的樂(lè)器，這樣的演奏，不可思議，這是一種文化與智慧的象征。我們只能說(shuō)，中國(guó)音樂(lè)歷史悠久，李紅的演奏充滿詩(shī)情畫(huà)意，意趣無(wú)窮。”

做中德文化的使者

13年前還是青春少婦的李紅，自踏上德國(guó)土地的那刻起就自覺(jué)地轉(zhuǎn)換了角色。她遠(yuǎn)離中國(guó)的父母，遠(yuǎn)離了生她養(yǎng)她的那塊熱土地，自嫁給德國(guó)的青年米歇埃爾在漢堡建立了家庭之后，她就必須學(xué)會(huì)扎根于異國(guó)的生存能力。米歇埃爾是游艇鑒定方面年輕有為的專家，他深愛(ài)著自己的中國(guó)妻子，但由于經(jīng)常出差在外，日常家務(wù)只能由李紅做，李紅成了侍奉丈夫的全職太太。但她和所有德國(guó)的家庭主婦一樣，不依賴男人，完全靠自己的勤奮闖出屬于自己的一片天地。

為了盡快融入德國(guó)社會(huì)，為了她心愛(ài)的古箏事業(yè)，憑著努力，她首先投考了設(shè)在漢堡的哥特語(yǔ)言學(xué)校，一直從初級(jí)、中級(jí)讀到高級(jí)班畢業(yè)，順利地攻克了語(yǔ)言關(guān)，然后她又考進(jìn)了德國(guó)漢堡大學(xué)音樂(lè)系，八年苦讀拿到了碩士文憑。雖然入了德國(guó)籍，但她骨子里依然是深受中國(guó)文化熏陶的人，她愛(ài)自己的祖國(guó)，決心用古箏這有效載體去傳播中國(guó)文化，以增進(jìn)德國(guó)人民對(duì)中國(guó)的了解，這是她的信念，是她在德國(guó)奮斗的目標(biāo)！然而要用古箏傳播中國(guó)文化并非一件易事，德國(guó)是貝多芬、莫扎特的故鄉(xiāng)，德國(guó)人對(duì)音樂(lè)人是很尊敬的，但也非常挑剔。她認(rèn)為，要讓德國(guó)人了解接受中國(guó)的古箏，承認(rèn)你的演奏，就要盡可能了解掌握德國(guó)音樂(lè)的風(fēng)格、特點(diǎn)，使之融入到自己的演奏中去。同時(shí)，在演奏形式上得盡量多與西洋樂(lè)器接觸，如古箏與豎琴、古箏與長(zhǎng)笛、古箏與鋼琴演奏，這樣，才能直觀地交融了中西音樂(lè)特點(diǎn)，也使德國(guó)觀眾有了親近感。

悄悄地來(lái)悄悄地去

李紅是一名地道的杭州人，父親是浙江大學(xué)的教授，母親也長(zhǎng)期從事教育事業(yè)。良好的家風(fēng)漸移默化地影響著她的成長(zhǎng)。80年代初期李紅從杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，進(jìn)入浙江越劇團(tuán)從事?lián)P琴、古箏的演奏，以后師從上海音樂(lè)學(xué)院教授何寶泉、孫文妍后，她的演奏技藝大為長(zhǎng)進(jìn)，一些高難度的古箏獨(dú)奏曲都能順利拿下。當(dāng)時(shí)在杭州的一些文藝晚會(huì)上，李紅的古箏獨(dú)奏已嶄露頭角。

由于李紅對(duì)古箏有著獨(dú)特的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，因此早在杭州時(shí)候聽(tīng)她的演奏，除了音樂(lè)本身所帶來(lái)的炫麗之外，更多的是透過(guò)沉穩(wěn)或激情的演奏后面，是樂(lè)曲所表達(dá)的對(duì)人生對(duì)自然某些詮釋。

李紅終于成功了。在德國(guó)柏林、漢堡她成了家喻戶曉式的人物。每年西門子圣誕文藝晚會(huì)、西門子現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)會(huì)，每年漢堡市政府舉辦的中秋音樂(lè)會(huì)，總少不了李紅的上場(chǎng)。李紅的古箏與交響樂(lè)演奏成了漢堡市各種文藝晚會(huì)的保留節(jié)目，她還抽出時(shí)間為當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)演出，將演出的所有收入捐給一家兒童福利醫(yī)院。有時(shí)到外地演出，哪怕再遠(yuǎn)她也十分樂(lè)意，這時(shí)，她的丈夫會(huì)開(kāi)著車為她全程陪送。

李紅是個(gè)不事張揚(yáng)的人。她在德國(guó)出了名，但每年來(lái)杭探親總是悄悄地來(lái)悄悄地去，除了和幾個(gè)要好的同事會(huì)晤一下，更多的是在家里陪年邁的父母，或和丈夫去欣賞西湖的山光水色。最近幾年有了女兒，她更忙了。但再忙，每年一次回杭雷打不動(dòng)。為的是杭州有她難以割舍的親情，有她太多的回憶、有太多的牽掛。筆者曾談起可否在適當(dāng)時(shí)候在杭州舉辦古箏與交響樂(lè)音樂(lè)會(huì)，以回報(bào)杭州的父老鄉(xiāng)親，這似乎觸動(dòng)了她的心弦，她說(shuō)自己也有這個(gè)想法，但要等到條件成熟時(shí)才行，到時(shí)會(huì)帶一支交響樂(lè)團(tuán)和指揮來(lái)故鄉(xiāng)。

Musician Brings Chinese Tunes to Germany

By Wang Anxiang

Li Hong married a German and moved to Germany 13 years ago. However， hers is not just another story about another international marriage. Li Hong brought traditional Chinese music to Hamburg， Germany where she is now a musical celebrity.

Before Li Hong went to Germany， she studied ancient Zheng， a traditional 25-stringed Chinese zither. After graduation from high school， she played Zheng and dulcimer for Zhejiang Yue Opera Troupe. Her musical studies under the tutelage of professors He Baoquan and Sun Wenyan at Shanghai Conservatory of Music enabled her to master the art of Zheng. She began to appear in concerts in Hangzhou and gradually made a local reputation as a gifted Zheng player.

Her life in Germany is more than that of a full-time homemaker. Li Hong acts as an ambassador to bring the knowledge of China to the people in Germany.

Her first performance started 13 years ago. Through the introduction of her husband， Li Hong met a prominent German artist who would soon hold a solo art exhibition at his hometown. Li was invited to attend the opening ceremony and perform her Zheng for guests. She played two classic Chinese musical pieces and her interpretation of the ancient Chinese musical charms enchanted the audience. They had never known that China had such wonderful music and such wonderful musical instrument. They spoke highly of her performing skills.

From then on， Li Hong became gradually known to German audiences for her Chinese zither and wonderful tunes. Many celebrated orchestras in Germany invited her to hold concerts to perform Zheng concertos. In September 1997， she performed with Mozart Orchestra at Hamburg Concert Hall. The Chinese pieces she played were recomposed by prominent German composers. She also played Zheng pieces composed exclusively for her by German composers. Li Hong talked to audiences about the compositions and backgrounds between pieces. The concert was a huge success. And it was also regarded as a milestone for Li Hong as well as for Chinese music to take a foothold in Europe.

Li Hong has a busy annual schedule for concerts. Averagely， she holds fifty performances a year and for the past 13 years， she has appeared at 600 concerts across Germany.

The 13 years have witnessed Li Hong’s blend into the German society. She learned the German language at Goethe Institute in Hamburg and the advanced language courses enabled her to speak fluent German. Then she studied at the musical department at the University of Hamburg for eight years before she finally obtained a master degree. Though now a naturalized German， Li Hong still has her roots in China and she wants German people to know more about China. However， disseminating the Chinese music poses a great challenge in the homeland of Beethoven and Mozart. The people here love music and they are fastidious about music performances. A musician from the outside has to learn about German musical tradition before she gets to know how to interpret music in a way acceptable to German audiences. Her musical success in Germany can also be attributed to the inspirational integration of the Chinese zither with western musical instruments such as harp， flute， and piano.

Nowadays， Li Hong is an established musician in Hamburg. Her Zheng performances with a symphony orchestra are an integral part of musical events in Hamburg organized by either government or private institutions. She also takes active part in charity performances. Sometimes her husband drives her to other cities for performances.

Though Li Hong is a celebrity in Hamburg， she keeps a low profile in her hometown Hangzhou. She comes back quietly to visit her parents every year. She has a dream of holding a concert in Hangzhou with a symphony orchestra from Germany.

(Translated by David)