議論文

寫法指導

議論文是用來論述某個道理，闡明某種觀點的一種文體。對議論文的要求是：觀點正確，論據充分，語言精練，論證合理，有嚴密的邏輯性。

議論文主要包括三個要素：論點、論據和論證方法。論點是指需要證實的問題；論證是指闡述道理以理服人；論據就是用于論證的具有說服力的事實和證據。寫議論文的方法可歸納為：歸納法，推理法，對照法和駁論法等。

議論文中的記敘和描寫是為論點提供根據的。因此，記敘應該是概括的，描寫應該是簡要的。

例文一： The Ways for Studying

The aim of students coming to school is to study. But to study requires a right way; otherwise you waste either time or money. The following are the ways of studying:

1. The best time for reading is morning， because in the morning the air is fresh and the thought is clean. We can therefore get good results.

2. In studying，we must have patience. If you have not known well a chapter，you must read it again. You shouldn't read the second chapter till you have realized the first one.

3. When you are studying， you must concentrate your mind on the book. You can not study only by mouth when you are absent of mind. Or you can get nothing from the book while you are reading.

4. You must always ask \"why\" if it is not well understood， write it down and ask your teacher or your parents or your brother or your friend. Anyhow you ought to realize it throughly， thus your knowledge can be improved.

Though there are many ways of studying，the above mentioned will be quite enough if you can practice them.

例文二：Smoking Is Harmful

Many Chinese men smoke. Out of excitement or anger， they smoke heavily. For most people， especially the females， the smell of smoking is terrible. What's more， smoking contributes to air pollution， harmful to nonsmokers as well as smokers. Cigarettes with nicotine in them can cause bronchitis， pneumonia and even cancer.

Smoking being equivalent to committing suicide， people should give it up in order to live longer. But I am sorry to say many people who know its danger quite well can not rid themselves of it.

佳作展示：I Paid Dearly for My Carelessness

I know I'm a very careless boy.What happened not long ago once more proved how careless I was.

Last week we had an examination in physics. I had studied this subject very hard and had made rapid progress， so I had every reason to expect a high score for the exam. After the exam， I thought I had done quite well， for all the questions seemed relatively easy to me. However，when the graded paper was returned to me， I could hardly believe my eyes， my score was only 91 (The full score was 120 ). What was the matter? When I checked the paper carefully， I was shocked to find that I had lost the whole score on the item of filling up blanks. I had simply left all the blanks unfilled because of care lessness. I wondered how it had been possible for me to have made such an unexcused mistake. Nevertheless， it was an undeniable fact in black and white!

I realized the reason why I had failed to achieve a higher score was my carelessness， which had let me down several times. It was no use trying to defend myself by saying that I could have done much better if I had been more careful. The only thing I should do is that I must get rid of this bad habit. I know it is difficult to break away from a bad habit. But just as the saying goes，\"Where there is a will， there is a way.\" Now I've made up my mind to break myself of this bad habit and I have perfect confidence in my self for I've paid dearly for it. And I know if I fail to do so， I'll never become a successful man.

譯文

我為粗心大意付出了高昂代價

我知道自己是一個馬大哈。不久前發生的一樁事再次證明了我有多么粗心。

上周我們進行了物理測驗。這個學科我學得很努力，也取得了很大的進步，因而我有充分的理由期待考高分。考試完畢，我想所有問題對我來說似乎都比較容易，我感到考得相當好。然而，評分試卷發下來時，我簡直不能相信自己的眼睛：我的成績僅為91分(滿分120)。這是怎么回事？我仔細查對試卷時驚奇地發現，那道填空題分全丟了。由于粗心，所有的空白都漏填了。我不知道我怎么可能出現這樣不可原諒的錯誤。可是白紙黑字，這是毋庸置疑的事實。

我認識到了未獲高分的原因——是粗心大意使得我希望落空。自己因為粗心大意而失敗已經不止一次了。找借口說要是能細心就會做得好得多來為自己辯護是無濟于事的。我應做的唯一事情是必須改掉壞習慣。……