猜測詞義：看上去很準

猜測詞義，像猜謎語一樣，猜猜猜，總是沒有把握。

猜測詞義的考核類型總是與邏輯有關。一篇文章各段落之間及各句子之間都存在著一定的邏輯關系，正確理解這種邏輯關系有助于你做出快速而準確的選擇。這種類型的考題主要是考查你對文章邏輯結構的理解，要求你綜合運用各方面的知識——如語法、詞匯、語感、邏輯結構等——進行分析判斷。只理解個別句子的含義是遠遠不夠的，還必須把上下文的意思聯系起來，弄清前后句之間、各段落之間的邏輯關系，從語篇的角度上對文章進行整體性的理解、分析、判斷。

其實，考查考生正確理解個別句子的意義及上下文邏輯關系的題目可分為兩種：一是涉及各句子之間的指代關系；一是涉及文章各段落之間的關系。常見的命題方式主要有：

1. In Line 5， the word“it”refers to...

2. In the second paragraph， the word“they”means_________.

3. In Paragraph 3...， the word“...”stands for ____.

從某種意義上說，這類題目是一種邏輯推理題，解題方法也與邏輯推理題有些相似。

A

Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent（具備智能的）. They will help shoppers find cups or toilet soap， and keep a record of the bill.

The touch?鄄screen devices（觸摸屏裝置）are on show at the Food Marketing Institute’s exhibition here this week.“These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker，”said Michael Alexander， manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc.， which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.

Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device， IBM’s“shopping buddy”， has recently been test?鄄marketed at Stop Shop stores in Massachusetts.

People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store， a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system（系統）that will organize the trip around the store. If you’re looking for toothpicks， you type in the word or pick it from a list， and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.

The devices also keep a record of what you buy. When you’re finished， the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self?鄄checkout stand and pay.

1． The underlined word“they”（Paragraph 1）refers to_________.

A． supermarketsB． shop assistants

C． shopping cartsD． shop managers

2． The underlined word“device”（Paragraph 3）means _____.

A. a piece of workB. a piece of furniture

C. a piece of equipmentD. a piece of cake

3． The underlined word“preferred”（Paragraph 4）means _____.

A. wantedB. belovedC. kindD. told

B

Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road

—Reported by Sheila Carrick

Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.

Most people know this joke. But recently， some people have been much more concerned with how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.

Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads， the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact， only about 80 ocelots， an endangered wild cat， exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.

“Ecopassages”may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads.“These ecopassages can be extremely useful， so that wildlife can avoid human conflicts，”said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Conservation Society.

But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lion used the passage.

Builders of some ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.

The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife， look around. You might see an animal overpass!

1. The writer uses the example of“ocelots”to show that_________.

A． wild animals have become more dangerous

B． the driving conditions have improved greatly

C． the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work

D． an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents

2. From the news story， we know an ecopassage is_________.

A． an underground path for cars

B． a fence built for the safety of the area

C． a bridge for animals to get over a river

D． a pass for animals to cross the road

3. When the writer says that animals seem“to be catching on”， he means_________.

A． animals begin to realize the dangers on the road

B． animals begin to learn to use ecopassages

C． animals are crossing the road in groups

D． animals are increasing in number

C

A large number of U.S. presidents had experiences in the army. The best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight Eisenhower. Grant was general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the Second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school — West Point Military Academy（西點軍校）.

One may be surprised to learn that neither of them did well in the school. Eisenhower， for example， was once fined（受罰）because he broke the rules of the school.

The jobs of U.S. presidents are tiring. He must keep an eye on anything important that happens at home and abroad. Every day， a lot of work await（等待）him to do， and he has to make many important decisions. When Franklin Roosevelt was a child， he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him，“When you grow up， you should not be president. It’s a tiring job.”

1. According to the phrase underlined in the first paragraph， Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower ________.

A. served in the same armyB. graduated at the same time

C. studied in the same timeD. were once soldiers

2. The word“surprised”in the second paragraph means that it happened that Grant and Eisenhower were ________.

A. in the American Civil WarB. in the Second World War

C. schoolmatesD. heroes

3. In the last passage，“keep an eye on”means“________”.

A. take care ofB. look carefully at

C. make a careful study ofD. think about

Keys:

A

1． A。第二句話中要求辨認主語they指示什么。可根據句法結構猜出其指代物是第一句主語supermarkets。

2． C。本句中根據上下文得知，IBM的shopping buddy是一個“相似裝置”。

3． A。prefer是“所偏愛的”，但是在這里做“所需要的”解。

B

1． D。第一句ocelots一詞點出在公路上死于交通事故的動物在增加。因為ocelots表示一種“只有80只瀕臨滅絕的貓”。

2． D。這個生詞，我們可通過第一段分析原因得知，是“一個動物穿越馬路的通道”。

3． B。to be catching on表示其通道開始起作用，故選項為B。

C

1． D。他們曾經都有參軍的經歷，意思就是都當過兵。故選D。

2． C。令人驚訝的是，他們都畢業于同一所學校。

3． C。在這里做“仔細分析事情”的意思解。

編輯/孫櫟櫟