第四章 閱讀理解

第一節 根據短文內容，判斷正誤

名師導航

該題型的特點是在短文后給出若干個句子，要求考生根據短文的內容，判斷所給的句子意思是否正確。這類試題總是聯系短文的內容進行發揮，或是給出意思相近或相反的幾個句子要求鑒別、判斷，或是變換詞語、變換句子結構來測試同種意思的不同表達。

正誤判斷題的一般解題思路是：

1 閱讀原文、捕捉信息、理解大意。先通讀原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章內容概要，理解短文的大意和理清全文脈絡。

2 審讀題目、找出相關判斷依據。讀懂短文內容后再審讀題目，把握每個待判定句子的含義，通過尋讀法在原文中找出與每個問題相關的段落與詞句，然后依據短文內容對試題所給出的句子進行是非判斷。

3 重讀短文、逐題復檢、核查無誤。完成正誤判斷后必須將短文重讀一遍，加深對短文的理解，在此基礎上再對每一道題進行復查，對有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新認真識別，作出正確的判斷。有些正誤判斷題要從西方語言文化及歷史背景人手，多了解英美文化背景和習俗可以提高答題的正確率。

名題精析

(2006天津市)閱讀下面的短文，判斷下列句子是否符合短文內容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F''表示。

One Sunday， Cody decided to go sailing in hisboat with his friend Dane， but Dane happened to be a－way. Dane's brother Brett wanted to go insteadthough he did not know anything about sailing. Codyagreed and they set out to sea.

Soon they found themselves in a thick fog. Codywas sure they would be hit by a big ship. Fortunately(幸運地) he saw a large buoy(浮標) through the fogand decided to tie the boat to it for safety. As he wasgetting onto the buoy， however， he dropped the wetrope. The boat moved away on the fog carrying Brettwho did not know how to use the radio. He drifted(漂流) about and was not seen until twelve hours later.

Cody spent the night on the buoy. In the earlymorning he fell asleep and was having a bad dreamwhen a shout woke him up. A ship， the Good Hope，came up and he climbed onto it and thanked the cap-tain. The captain told him that Brett had been pickedup by another ship and the ship's captain had sent outa message.

( )1.Cody went sailing in his boat with his friend's

brother Brett．

( )2.About sailing，Brett knew a little．

( )3.Soon they got into trouble because of the thick

fog．

( )4.They drifted about and were not seen until

twelve hours later．

( )5.Brett was saved by the ship，the Good Hope．

點撥：

1.本題可在文章中第一段第二、三行找到答案。答案為：T。

2.本題可從第一段的倒數第二行的“though hedid not know anything about sailing”看出答案為：F。

3.從第二段最后5行可以看出Brett和Cody被大霧分散了，與trouble一詞的意思吻合，故答案為：T。

4.從第二段的最后一句話可以知道，他們分散了12個小時之后才見面。答案為：T。

5.從最后一段可得知，是Cody被the GoodHope解救了，而Brett則是被另一艘船救了，答案為：F。

誤區警示

解題時忌主觀猜測。少數閱讀題只需根據生活常識就可判斷正誤，而絕大多數則不然，考生必須按照原文來判斷正誤。因此，考生在做后一種測試題時，一定要排除自身的生活經驗、經歷和已有的知識等主觀因素的干擾，按照文章實際反映的情況來判斷。只有完全符合文章意思的句子，方可判定為正確。那些基本意思相符，卻仍有某一點不符的應判定為錯誤。

決勝2008年

閱讀短文時主要應捕捉內容要點，掌握主旨和作者意圖，不要過分推敲語言點，否則難以作出正確的判斷。有些正誤判斷題要從西方語言文化及歷史背景人手，多了解英美文化背景和習俗可以提高答題的正確率。

破關訓練

一、根據短文的內容判斷下列句子正誤。正確的寫“T，”錯誤的寫“F”。

A kind of little cars may be seen in the streets inthe future．People will like this kind 0f small cars bet－ter than the big ones．The car is as small as a bike butit can carry two people in it．Everybody can drive it easily，just like riding a bike．Even children and old people can drive them to schools 0r parks．

If everyone drives such cars in the future．there will be less pollution in the air．There will be more space for all the cars in cities。and there will also be more space for people to walk in the streets．

The little cars of the future will cost less moneyto buy and to drive．These little cars can g0 only 65 kilometers an hour．so driving will be safer．The cars of the future will be fine for going around the city．butthey will not be useful for long trips．

This kind of cars can save a 10t of gas(汽油)．They Will go 450 kilometers，then they have t0 stopfor more gas。They are nice cars．aren't they?

( )1.Driving big cars can make the air dirtier．

( )2.The little cars can make more space for other cars and people．

( )3.These little cars will be useful for a long trip．

( )4.This kind of cars can save much gas．

( )5.Only children and old people can drive the lit－ tle cars．

二、閱讀短文，判斷下列句子正誤。正確的寫“T”。錯誤的寫“F”。

December 25th is Christmas Day．In most court－tries it is the most important day in the year．All thepeople come back to their homes to have the day withtheir parents or their children．On Christmas Daybells ring everywhere．The ringing bells tell peopleChristmas is coming．People sing and dance day andnight．They have a good time．

Most families buy a Christmas tree for their ehil－dren．And there are some presents hanging from thetree here and there. People also put presents inchildren's stockings. In many places， Father Christ－mas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind manand in red clothes; There is a big bag on his back. In itthere are a lot of presents.

Christmas is also a day when people enjoy allkinds of food. But some poor people have no homesand have no food to eat， They die of cold and hunger(饑餓) on Christmas Day.

( )1.Christmas is not very important in most coun－

tries．

( )2.Many people have a good time on Christmas

Day．

( )3.Father Christmas wears red clothes．

( )4.There are a lot of Christmas trees in Father

Christmas'bag．

( )5.Some poor people die on Christmas Day be－

cause they have no homes and no food．

第二節 根據內容，選擇最佳答案

名師導航

該題型的特點是在閱讀材料后給出若干個不完整的句子或若干個根據短文內容提出的問題，對每一題都提供四個候選的答案，要求考生在正確理解短文內容的基礎上，從四個選項中選出一個最佳的答案。這類試題的問題一般是緊扣閱讀材料內容編排的，既會涉及材料中的細節內容，如人物、時間、地點、事件的前因后果等，也會涉及材料中某個詞或某個句的含義，以及文章的主旨、大意和標題等。做閱讀理解選擇題時應注意如下幾點：

1 解題時要把所提供的四個備選項中有結構、語法錯誤的先排除，再考慮是否符合材料內容。

2 對材料中的生詞或看不懂的句子，應大膽根據構詞法及上下文意思進行猜測，尤其對涉及材料中某個詞或某個句子含義的選擇試題，要根據材料所闡述的主要內容及上下文內在邏輯關系，大膽分析推斷，去偽存真，選出正確答案。

3 對于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意圖及短文標題等選擇試題，雖然文中沒有直接說明，可統觀全文，通過文中所提供的材料或聯想材料以外的常識，如結合已學過的自然、社會科學知識加以綜合理解、分析推測。或按作者的思路進行推理，從而推斷出正確答案。

4 做選擇試題時一般先做在文中能直接找到依據的細節題，后做主旨題、推理題。這樣在對語篇有更多領悟的基礎上再進行推理判斷和概括總結，把握性就更大。

5 閱讀的順序一般是先讀材料，再看題目，然后逐題作答。若文章較長，也可以先將測試題目通覽一遍，然后帶著問題閱讀材料。這樣對與答題有關的段落、句子反應敏感，而對其他與答題無關的部分可以不必花費太多時間，閱讀速度就可加快些。

名題精析

(2007重慶市)閱讀下列材料，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。

1. It's Friday afternoon， you can go to______

A.visit the museum B.play soccer

C.play basketball D.read children's stories

2.If children want to watch new films， they should go

to

A.16 Yangtze Road B.89 North Main Street

C.106 Green Street D.99 Brick Road

3.If you dial(撥號) 66387901，you can______

A.ask for some hotel information

B.do some shopping

C.have a good story time

D.order fast food in a restaurant

4.Lily's father is ill. She should dial______

A.800－120－9847 B.79210583

C.68787451 D.96725643

5.You can not get any information about______

from the two notices.

A.looking for a hotel

B.doing eye exercises

C.eating fast food

D.taking a taxi

點撥：這是一道表格式的閱讀，帶有很強的任務色彩，是生活中十分實用的文體。從表格題得知其內容是產告。首先快速查看表格中的信息，確認以下內容：1.博物館開放情況。2.兒童圖書館有關情況。3.運動信息。4.電影信息。5.常用的電話號碼。然后看題，選擇相關選項，最后確認答案。答案為：CDDCB。

誤區警示

忌草率行事。在設計理解題時，設計者往往在四個選項中設計出一個似是而非的答案。這樣的答案干擾性特別強，容易迷惑考生。如果發現一個看似正確的答案就草率選擇，往往會掉進設計者設置的“陷阱”里。處理的方法是：對所給四個備選答案進行分析比較，在理解閱讀材料內容的基礎上去偽存真，方可選出正確答案。

決勝2008年

詞匯是語言的三大要素之一，更是閱讀理解的基石。我們在閱讀理解時所遇到的首要問題是詞語障礙，沒有一定的詞匯量作基礎，就談不上理解能力的提高。因此，熟練掌握課本單詞，適量擴充課外詞匯是提高閱讀能力的基礎。

破關訓練

一、根據短文內容。選擇正確答案。

One of the easiest ways to keep fit is to do jog－ging：“Jogging is the name for a very gentle (舒緩的)running－it is just a little faster than walking. ”

Start slow jog 20 meters， and then walk 20 me－ters. Little by little， if you are not feeling very tired，you may do more jogging and less walking. Finally，jog the whole way. It will be easy for you to'start jog－ging for 15 minutes twice a week， slowly， increase thisto 20－30 minutes everyday. The longer you join injogging，the more you enjoy it and the healthier youwill become. Some people like jogging alone， and oth－ers enjoy doing it with friends. Jogging in groupsmakes more people keener(熱心的)， because you justcannot stay in bed while there is a group of friendswaiting outside. If you want to start jogging， prepare apair of comfortable shoes and a determined mind，

( )1.Jogging means_______

A.walking

B. running as fast as possible

C. slow running

( )2.if you are not feeling very tired，_______

A. you may do more jogging

B. you may not do more jogging

C. you are very healthy and needn't do more

jogging

( )3.One good point of jogging in groups is

A. you don't feel lonely

B. you are not likely to give it up halfway

C. you can run faster

( )4. If you want to start jogging， what you need

most is

A. a pair of comfortable shoes and a deter－

mined mind

B.a sports suit and a lot of students

C.a partner and a good plan

( )5.What's the meaning of the word “deter

mined” in the passage? It's _______

A.剛強的 B.堅定的 C.偉大的

二、下面是四位同學寫給《21世紀中學生英文報》編輯Lee求助信。在信中思維同學分別談了自己在學習或生活中的問題。請將四封信與文后的句子進行配對。

(A)Dear Editor Lee。

I'm a middle school student．I'm good at all thesubjects except English．I can't remember wordswell．I'm especially weak in speaking and listen－ing．What shall I do?

John

(B)Dear Editor Lee，

I have a problem!I real'ly don't know what tosay when I meet strangers．I find it difficuIt to talkwith others because I am afraid they might laugh atme. I am not as interesting， clever or funny as myfriends. If people start talking with me， they will real－ize that I am just boring. Please help me.

Ann

(C)Dear Editor Lee，

I was getting on well with my best friend， Cin－dy. But a few days ago，another friend of mine told methat Cindy often said bad words about me. When Iheard this， I was very angry. What should I do?Should I stop being her friend or stay with her as usu－al?

Betty

(D)Dear Editor Lee，

Recently I have much difficulty in falling a－sleep. When I go to bed，though I feelvery tired，I al－ways think a lot and can't fall asleep. So I always feelvery sleepy in class and sometimes my head hurtsbadly. Could you give me some advice?

Steven

( )1.The student finds it difficult to fall asleep.

( )2.The student doesn't know what to say to

strangers.

( )3.The student doesn't know how to learn Eng-

lish well.

( )4. The student doesn't know if she should still

stay with her best friend.

三、根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。

October 6，1889: Thomas Edison shows his firstmotion picture. It is the earliest film. Edison takesmany pictures. Then he shows the pictures veryfast. People can see a moving picture. The picture issmall， each time only one person can see it. Edison is agreat inventor. He makes about 2，000 inventions inhis life.

October 19，1936: Lu Xun dies at 55. Lu Xun is agreat Chinese writer. He studies medicine in Ja－pan. But then he wants to be a writer. He writes manystories. He uses strong words. He always wants totell people to love and save China.

October 31，1951: People first walk over a zebra－crossing (斑馬線 ) in England. A zebra-crossing iswhite and black. People can see it easily. People walkover a zebra-crossing when they want to cross theroad. This can make them safe from cars.

October 26，1863: It is the birthday of today'sfootball. The FA is the oldest football group in theworld. It starts in London on that day. The FA makesthe rules of football. Before that， there are norules. People play football with their own rules.

( )1.Thomas Edison is a great inventor. He makes

the first

A.football B. rules of football

C. zebra－crossing D.film

( )2.When was Lu Xun born?

A.In 1889. B. In 1881.

C. In 1936. D. In 1951.

( )3. Why does Lu Xun want to be a writer?

A.Because he wants to study medicine in Ja-

pan.

B. Because he wants to make a living(謀生)

by writing.

C. Because he wants to tell people to love and

save China.

D.Because he wants to be famous.

( )4. The FA is

A. a rule of football

B. a football group

C. a football

D. birthday of football

( )5.Which of the following is not ture?

A. Walking over the zebra-crossing makes

people safe from cars.

B. The zebra－crossing is white and black.

C. People first walk over a zebra-crossing in

China.

D. People should walk over a zebra－crossing

when they want to cross the road.

四、閱讀材料。從下面每小題的A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳答案。

Humans have four blood types(血型). They areblood type A，B，O and AB. The table below shows allkinds of possible blood types of parents and their chil－dren. Children's blood types are shown in greysquares.

( )1.If both !intents are type O， then their children must

be

A.blood type A B.blood type B

C. blood type AB D. blood type O

( )2. If a father is blood type A and a mother is

blood type B， then their children' s blood

types may be_______

A. any blood type

B.blood type A or B

C. blood type AB or O

D. blood type A，B or AB

( )3. If both parents are blood type AB， then their

children CANNOT be

A. blood type A

B. blood type AB

C. blood type O

D. blood type B

( )4.If four children of the same parents are blood

type A， B， O and AB， then their parents

should be

A. blood type A and B

B. blood type A and AB

C. blood type B and AB

D. blood type AB and AB

( )5. If one parent is blood type AB， and his or her

nine children only get blood type A and B，

then the other parent's blood type is likely to

be

A. blood type A

B. blood type B

C. blood type AB

D. blood type O

第三節 根據短文內容，回答問題

名師導航

這是回答問題式的閱讀理解題，要求考生讀完短文后，根據所提的問題寫出完整的、正確的句子。這樣的試題聽起來似乎很難，其實真正做起來卻會感到輕松愉快。回答問題，答案越簡單越好，答題應簡潔明了，能說明問題就行。

當文章為一段幽默故事、寓言和新聞等內容時，建議同學們巧用五個“w”，即Who，What，When，Where，Why。在閱讀時，可邊把其中的人物、事件、時間、地點、原因等信息一一作記號，答題時自然會游刃有余。但是，有些答案需要自己概括，這就要求同學們加強書面表達的能力。

名題精析

(2007北京市)閱讀短文，根據其內容回答問題。

Americans love sports－they love to play them．to watch them on television and to talk aboutthem．But this hobby sometimes has serious results－at least to the players．For example．when people playtennis，sometimes they hurt their elbow(肘部)and inthis way they develop“tennis elbow\"．Also it is easyto hurt a knee in a football game．These injuries(損傷)happen while the player is having fun，but theystill hurt．

A few months ago，Kathleen SimmOns，who lovesplaying volleyball，hurt her knee in a volleyballgame．Her doctor told her that she needed a very dif－ficult operation(手術)or she might not be able t0play again．She felt very sad and didn't know what todo．

Then Sirrgmns learned about“video operation”．Withthe help 0f this new science in medicine．doctors cannow repair many injuries and get people back on theplaying field and back to their jobs much fas－ter．Simmons found a hospital that was using this newscience and went to see the doctor there．The doctorstold her the operation could help．

For this operation，her doctor didn't have toopen her knee．Instead he put a very small camera lens(鏡頭)inside her knee．The lens sent back pictures，which appeared 0n a television screen．As he worked．he could see the inside of her knee on the TV．Withthe help of the large pictures on the screen．the doctor knew exactly what to d0 when he was making the re－pairs．

Simmons started walking five days after her op－eration，“My knee hurt a 10t the first few days．''she said．“But I felt better very quickly．”Now．sixmonths after her operation，Simmons can do every－thing she did before her injury．“It feels like a newknee，”she said．“I can even play volleyball again，''

1.Do Americans love sports?

2.What sport is Simmons interested in?

3.What did the doctor put inside Simmons'knee?

4.What problem may people have when they playsports?

5.What's the advantage(優點)of the new sci－ence9

點撥：本文介紹了美國人喜歡運動，以及如何處理在運動中所受的傷害。這些問題看起來好像很難，但其實都可以在文章中直接找到答案或根據文中內容進行概括，不需要判斷或推理。各題答案為：

1.Yes．／Yes，they do．從第一段第一行找到依據。

2.Volleyball．從第二段第一、二行找到依據。

3.A camera lens．從第四段第三、四行找到答案。

4.They may get huru概括第一段的內容。

5.Doctors can do operations more easily and Da－tients can get well more quickly．從第三、四、五段可概括出答案。

誤區警示

解答本題型時，有些同學沒看過問題就急著去閱讀文章，這會浪費時間。應先把文章后面所給的考查題瀏覽一遍，然后帶著這些問題進行閱讀。邊閱讀邊選出考查表層情況問題的答案，從而提高閱讀效果。

決勝2008年

同學們要真正答好這一題型，還要靠扎實的語言基礎，要養成良好的閱讀習慣，多練習，運用科學的解題方法與技巧。

破關訓練

一、閱讀短文。根據短文內容回答問題。

In a classroom in any courltries，the teacherteaches more than art or history or 1anguage．He or she teaches something behind—the culture(文化)of a country．

In a country such as the United States，people with different history，cultare and language join to－gether and they pay much attenti013．to personal ide－as．Teachers try to make each student spe－cial．Students do not have to remember a lot of infor－mation．Instead，they work and find answers by them－selves．There are 0ften discussions in the class－room．At an early age students 1ern to have their ownideas．Their education encoHrages personal thoughts(思想)．The importance is placed on how to artive at an answer and not only to get the correct answer．

In most Asian countries，people have the samelanguage，history and culture．Perhaps for this reason，the education there pays more attention to group goals than personal ideas．Chndrerl in China and Japart often work together and help each other on home－work．In the classroom，the ways of teaching are often vety traditiona'1．The teacher says，and the studentsIisten．There is not many discussions．Instead，the students repeat rules(規則)or information that they have been taught in order to keep them in mind．

In marly ways these differences come ftom differ－ent educational ideas．In western countries teachersare taught to help students to 1earn．They make it eas－ier for the students to learn by theraseIves．In someAsian countries，however，teachers often feel thattheir job is t0 teach students knowIedge．

1.Do studeats in the United States have to remember

a lot of information?

__________________________________________

2.There are often dis(2ussions in the classroom in A－

metica，arerl't there?

__________________________________________

3.What does the education in the United States en－

courage?

__________________________________________

4.Which does thP educatinn in mnst A sian coumtries

pay more attention to，group goals or personal ide－

as?

__________________________________________

5.Put the sentence“In some Asian courltries．bower－

er，teaehers often feel that their job is to teach

students knOWledge．”into Chinese．

二、閱讀短文。根據短文內容回答問題。

I'm Joan Croft．I have to say that I came irlto nlrsing by chance．I didn't rea'11y like my first job，which was office work．It was all right－but that'sjust about all you can say about it．I stayed in the same place with the same people around me all day and every day．Then I became a singer，which I en－joyed v'ery much，but after a while the singing group broke up(解散)and I had to start looking for some－thing else．

Some girls have warlted to be Nurses ever siricethey were childten，but it never entered my head untilI saw an advertiserflent in a paper．I wrote in andthought，“oh，well，I'll give it a try．”one thing Iliked about it was going away ftom home．

The training itselfis vety interesting and most ofit is just on the wards(病房)，so that you Vel\"y quickly begin nursing teal patients．I lived in the nLirses'home when I artived and I had my owrl room，whichWaS Vel\"y nice．

I like nursing more than I ever thought Iwould．I'll always carry on nLirsing I've got a boyfriend who is a doctor，so I hope to get martied some－time，but wherever I live there is sure to be a hospitalin the place and there's always a job for a nurse．

1.What WaS Joan's first job?

____________________________

2.Why didn't Joan like her first job?

____________________________

3.Why didn't Joarl go on．with her second job?

____________________________

4.How did Joan find out the information about the

nutsing job?

____________________________

5.What was Joan's plan for the futllre?

____________________________

三、閱讀短文。根據短文內容回答問題。

Jan Mela isn't like most kids．Two years ago。helost an arm and a leg．But that didn't stop him．On aSaturday，the 15－year－old boy from Poland(波蘭)walked t0 the North Pole(北極)without any help．“IfI can do it，other people can do great things。too，”Mela said before he went．Polish newspapers said Me－la is the youngest person and the first handicapped(殘疾的)person to walk to the North Pole．How did Me－la lose an arm and a leg?He had an electrical(電的)accident．Now he walks with the help of a 62.000yuan man－made leg．

After the accident，Mela felt sad for himself．Buthe didn't lose hope．One day he met Marek Kamins－ki．a Polish explorer．Eight years ago．Kaminski wentt0 the North Pole and the South Pole in the sameyear．Mela wanted to see the North Pole，tOO．So Melaasked Kaminski if they could go together nexttime．Kaminski said yes!

It took Mela 21 days to get to the NorthPole．The last three or four days were really hard be－cause of bad weather．But Mela kept going．

“I didn't think we would make it。”he said。“then．things got better．”

1.What happened to Mela two years ago?

___________________________________

2.Why did Polish newspapers report the travel to the

North Pole?

___________________________________

3.How does Mela walk after the accident?

___________________________________

4.Where did Kaminski go eight years ago?

___________________________________

5.why did Mela make the travel?

Because he wanted to show that

___________________________________

四、閱讀短文。根據短文內容回答問題。

Greenland is the largest island in the world．It isin the north of Europe(歐洲)．Near Greenland thereis another island．It is named Iceland(冰島)．Do youthink that Greenland is green and warm?

Do you think that Iceland is white with ice?If you do。you are wrong．Not more people live on the big island of Greenland．There are more people in your hometown than those in all of Greenland．That is because Greenland is not green．Greenland is white．Most of the island is covered(被……覆蓋)with lotsof ice．The ice covering Greenland is higher than theworld's tall buildings．What about Iceland?Is it col－der than Greenland?No，it isn't．Iceland has ice．butnot so much as Greenland．Iceland has a lot of springs(泉)，and they give out hot water and steam(蒸汽)．The climate(氣候)is not as cold as Greenland．Andthere are a lot of people who live on Iceland．

1.Where is the largest island in the world?

___________________________________

2.Which is the larger island。Iceland or Greenland?

___________________________________

3.There are fewer people in Greenland than those in your hometown．aren't there?

___________________________________

4.what is most of Greenland covered with?

___________________________________

5.Why isn't the climate in Iceland s0 cold as that in Greenland?

___________________________________

第四節 根據短文內容，填寫表格

名師導航

這是一種任務型的閱讀，旨在有利于考生學習英語知識，發展語言技能；促使考生帶著相關的“任務”去閱讀所給材料，獲取、處理和使用相關信息；注重考查考生的閱讀理解、分析推理、邏輯理解及社會生活知識的綜合運用能力，并提高實際語言運用能力。

本題考試的形式通常是給出一段語言信息，要求考生認真讀懂短文的內容，并根據所設表格回歸原文找答案。此題特別注意的是單詞的大、小寫必須和表格其他所給的詞一致。以下是答題“五步曲”：

1.通讀全文，了解大意。

2.細讀表格，心中有數。

3.復讀全文，捕捉信息。

4.解答問題，確定答案。

5.認真復查，避免失誤。

名題精析

(2007陜西省)閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，完成表格中所缺的信息。

Eating habits are different in different COUrt－tries．The Chinese have a sayi'ng“Eat good things forbreakfast。eat a big meal for lunch，but eat less at din－ner．”Many Americans agree that one should start theday with a good breakfast，but their ideas about lunchand dinner are different．

Most Americans only give themselves a shorttime for lunch．So they eat a small lunch．After workthey will have more time t0 eat a big dinner．Also aquiet dinner at home with all the family talking abouttheir day is a way to take a good rest after a long，hard day of work．

Eating at restaurants is also different．In China，people like to talk and laugh while eating．Very oftenyou can hear people talking and laughing loudly，andthey are just having a good time．In America it is notlike this．They want a quiet place where they can eat agood meal far away from the noises of the outsideworld．If someone is talking too loudly。they will lookat him or her angrily．The waiters manager of the res－taurant may come out and ask them to be quiet．

點撥：

通過瀏覽全文已對文章或段落大意有所了解，再細讀文后表格的考查之處，明確表格要求及所要填的內容，做到心中有數，有的放矢。隨后復讀短文，由于是帶著問題去讀，便可格外留意與問題有關的信息點，有利于捕捉有效信息，排除無用信息，從而提高答題速度和填寫表格的準確率。

1.文章的開頭通常是本文的主要內容，也可根據全文內容概括。答案為：Eating Habits。

2.第一段的“saying”中可找到答案。答案為：Eat good things。

3.答案在第二段。答案為：Eat a small lunch。

4.同第2題。答案為：Eat less。

5.從最后一段第二行可直接找到答案。答案為：Like to talk and laugh。

誤區警示

不要在難題上花過多的時間。因為花了時間可能還是做不出，反而擠占了做后面題目的時間；相反，如果我們把難題先擱一下，在后面的題目完成之后，對文章的理解就會更全面，難題這時就會變得容易了。

決勝2008年

帶著問題復讀，可縮小復讀的范圍，更便于捕捉關鍵信息。復讀時盡量抓住可能提供重要線索的細節，關注與表格中問題有關的某些關鍵詞、句以及有價值的數據，注意分析和把握作者的基本態度。復讀時可邊讀邊用鉛筆做標記，把與表格問題有關的信息分類畫出來。然后歸類總結，看與表格所需信息是否相對。

破關訓練

一、閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，完成表格中所缺的信息。

Lifelong learning(終身學習)

In the past．when students graduated from col－lege and got jobs，only some of them went on withtheir study．But today，lifelong learning is becomingmore and more common(常見的)．

Lucy，who is forty，teaches physics at a college inBoston．“Next term，I'lI teach some of my classes byusing the Internet．This is the way 0f teaching that Ihave never used before，”says Lucy．“These days．Iam taking a class to learn how to teach in this way．Ifnot，1 will lose my job．”At the same time，Lucy'sseventy-year-old parents，who live in New York。aretaking an art history class online．“We love this sub－ject，”says her father，“and we learn it to enjoy our－selves．You see we can study with people a11 over theworld．What fun it is to learn like this !”

二、假如你將要前往英國。以下是為你提供的一些信息。請仔細閱讀短文．根據短文內容填寫表格。每空詞數不限。

I've got some information for everyone going t0Britain next month．As you know。you'U be stayingwith a family for two weeks．Now。the most importantthing is money．You should take about￡30 in cash(現金)and about￡200 in traveler cheques(支票)．Then，when you arrive at the airport you'll be met by yourhost(主人，東道主)family．You must remember towear a red shirt so that the familv will find youeasily．I've told them t0 look out for the redshirts．You'11 also need t0 take with you 4 photos ofyourself and，of course。it's very important that youtake the school letter．While you're there．if you haveany problems，you can call the agent(代理人)．I'llgive you her office phone number now：it's 5804436 and the person to ask for is Mrs Belcher。that'sB－E－L－C－H－E－R，She's in the office from9：OO一17：00 every day．OK!That's every－thing．Have a good trip!

Going to Britain

三、閱讀下面四則廣告，完成廣告后的A、B兩項任務。

請把下列所給的四個俱樂部的名稱分別填入上面廣告中的空白處。

從上述每則廣告中，抄出一個你能確定俱樂部名稱的關鍵詞(組)。

5.EnglishClub___________________________________

6.Football Club___________________________________

7.Dance Club___________________________________

8.Climbing Club___________________________________

四、閱讀短文內容完成表格。每空一詞。

I have always loved cars．After graduating fromcollege，I got one，which I regarded as my favouritefriend．I called it Victor．For the next three years．eve－rything I did was connected with(與……有關)Vic－tot，I lived a happy life．But because 0f money prob—lems，I had to sell Victor．Then my life brokedown．Without Victor。1 was like a fish out of wa－ter，Three months later。with the encouragement ofmy friends．I decided to start a new life．I tried andmade it．Everything went well again．Losing my carmade me grow up．I have learned that life won't al－ways go our way，but we can choose to be positive(積極的)and make the best of it．

第五節 閱讀短文，在空白處填入恰當的詞

名師導航

該題型通常是一篇短文，在句子或短文中均留有若干空格，要求考生在每個空格上填一個詞。該題型的特點有兩種，一是在短文后給出一篇經改寫或縮寫后與原短文意思相同的短文或幾個句子，填詞使句子或短文所表達的意思與原短文的內容一致。第二種是將一篇文章的一些詞“挖空”，要求考生根據語篇在空格上填入適當的詞語，使短文表達的意思完整。有些題還會給出首字母。

這類試題在閱讀理解基礎上加進了詞匯和語法的考查成分，考生在填詞時既要選對詞意，又不能用錯詞形，對大多數考生來說該題型難度較大，失分頗多。

短文填空題的一般解題思路是：

1.閱讀原文。把握信息，理解語境。先認真閱讀所給的短文，準確把握文中提供的信息，搞清段落大意及文章的中心思想，正確理解語境。

2.根據語境，先定詞義，后定詞形。在正確理解原短文意思的基礎上，再細讀試題所給的經改寫或縮寫后留有空格的句子或短文，認真理解每個句子的含義后，尋讀原文中與之相關內容的句子或語段，并進行比較分析，先確定空格處所填詞語的意義，再從語法角度確定其正確詞形。

3.審讀全文，上下參照，逐一驗證。完成所填的詞以后，再將原短文和補全后的短文或句子審讀一遍，上下對比參照，逐一檢查所填的詞是否符合原文主旨和細節，語法結構是否正確，如有不符，則應重新核查修正。

名題精析

(2007重慶市)根據下列短文內容，在短文后的空格處填上恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。

Andy was born in China 15 years ago．In 2005，she1_______to the USA with her family．As a high school student．she has found many differences2_______ Chinese and Americans：

About money

(1)Americans like to spend3_______than theyhave，so many of them are always in debt(欠債)．But Chinese usually spend less than they have．so many 0fthem always have4_______left in the bane．

(2)The American kids themselves make their own money．Most Chinese kids always5_______their parents for money．

(3)Many American parents think there is6_______need to send their children to an expensive university．It's different in China．Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive uni－versifies7_______their family isn't rich enough

About school

(1)Many American girls take part in sports，dancing and singing groups while many Chinese girlstake part in study groups．

(2)Many American students think that B is good while many Chinese students think that B is too8_______．

About friends

Most American parents let their sons or daugh－ters make friends by9_______．They never ask them a。bout their friends while Chinese parents usually enjoy knowing more about their children。friends10_______ many different ways，and usually stop them from staying OUt too late with friends．

點撥：

1.考查詞組go to“去”或get to“到”。答案為：went／got。

2.考查習慣搭配between…and…答案為：be－tweeno

3.答案由后一句“so many of them are always in debt”和后面的反義詞“less”可推斷出。答案為：more。

4.答案由上一句“spend less than they have”和后面的“in the bank”可推斷出。答案為：money。

5.考查習慣搭配ask for“問(某人)……”。答案為：ask。

6.考查句型“There is no need to…”。由本段的后面內容可得出答案。答案為：no。

7.這句前后有轉折關系。答案為：though／al－though。

8.“While”表明此句前后是轉折關系，因此該空填的應是good的反義詞。答案為：bad／terrible。

9.考查詞組by oneself“獨自”。答案為：them－selves。

10.考查習慣搭配in different ways“以不同的方式”。答案為：in。

誤區警示

所填的詞必須首先符合語義適用原則，所以不能看一空就填一空，那樣所填的詞可能符合本句的詞義要求，但未必符合全文的大意。因此要縱觀全文，圍繞中心意思，全盤綜合考慮來確定詞義。

決勝2008年

本題所填的詞必須符合語法正確的原則。因此，除了詞匯要過關外，還必須多做詞語搭配、句型結構以及人稱、時態、語態方面的練習。然后在此基礎上做這類閱讀理解題型的專項訓練。

破關訓練

一、閱讀短文。掌握其大意。根據短文內容和所給首字母。在空格內填入一個適當的詞，使短文意思完整。

In most countries of the world．there is one medi－cine called aspirin．N_______(1)everyone takesit．Pedple take it when they have an ache or a pain．and s_______(2)when they have a fever(發燒)．Doctorsb_______(3)it can also help people who have heart disease and some other diseases，too．Some people，however．cannot take aspirin．It must never be givento c_______ (4)under 12 years old．Before aspirin wasi_______(5)，some people made a drink with the bark(樹皮)of the white willow(柳樹)．This drink madetheir pains and fever go away，but no one kneww_______(6)it helped．Then in the 1830s，scientistsin EnglandS_______(7)allthethingsthatwereinthe bark of the white willow．They found out what in the plantS_______(8)pain．Soon people were making medicine with this pain-stopping thing and sellingit．Later scientists found out how to make aspirinW_______(9_)using any plants at a11．Aspirin was firstS_______(10)in 1899 by the Bayer Company of Get－many．

二、閱讀對話，根據對話內容完成對話后的短文．每空一詞。

Sally：I saw you this morning and called you，but you

didn't answer me．

Peter：Yes?Where?

Sally：At the No．523 bus stop．

Peter：Oh，sorry．I didn't hear．I hurried to get on a

bus．

Sally：What happened?

Peter：Fred was in hospital and I went to see him．

Sally：Oh，I'm sorry tO hear that．What's the matter?

Peter：A truck hit him last Friday and his leg was

broken．

Sally：Oh，bad luck!He's tOO careless，I think．

Peter：So he is．But it wasn't his fault this time．

Sally：But why?

Peter：Two children ranafter eachother．mthe street．They

didn't see the truck coming．Fred warned them

but they didn't hear him．In the time 0f danger

he pulled one of them'away and he was hurt．

Sally：How brave he was!Didn't the driver see him?

Peter：Yes，he did．But he drove fast and his truck

couldn't stop in time．

Sally：When are you going to see him next?

Peter：On next Tuesday afternoon．

sally：Do remember to call me before you leave．I'll

go to see himwith you．

Fred was a(1)_______boy，but he did a goodthing last Friday．Two children ran after each other inthe street(2)_______a truck e~rne towards themquickly．Fred saw it and told them to(3)_______it，but they didn't hear him．The driver tried tO stop histruck，but it was too late．To(4)_______the chil－dren，Fred pulled one of them away．And the truck(5)_______his leg．His friends thought he was abrave boy!

三、閱讀短文。完成短文后的句子。每空一詞。

Radio and television are very popular in theworld today．millions of people watch TV．Perhapsmore people listen to the radio．The TV is，0f course，more useful than radio．On TV you can see and learnwhat is happening in the world．However，radio is notdisappearing．It is still with us．And the number of lis－teners is becoming larger．One reason for this is theinvention of the transistor(晶體管)．A transistor ra－dio is sometimes very small．It is very easy to car－ry．You can put one in your pocket and listen to it onthe bus or on your bike when you go towork．Besides，radio broadcasts are better for blind people．Many old people don't have good eye－sight．They can't watch TV．but they can listen tomusic or news over the radio．What's more，a radio ismuch cheaper than a TV set．

1._______radio_______television are widely

used now．

2.The writer thinks that radio is less_______than

television．

3.What is happening in the world can be seen and

heard on_______．

4.The invention of the transistor makes radios

_______than before．

5.There are_______reasons why radio is not dis－ appearing according to the passage．

四、根據短文內容。在空格處填上一個恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。

Maybe you are more interested in sports than inhistory．You probably think you will never be a topstudent．In 1_______，anyone can become a betterstudent if he Or she wants to．If you can use the timewell，you may improve your study2_______muchwork．Here's how：Plan your time carefully．Whenyou plan your week time，you should make a3_______of things that you have to do．First write down thetime for eating，sleeping，dressing，etc．Then decide ona good time for studying．Of course。studyingshouldn't take all 0f your time．Don't forget t0 leaveyourself enough4_______for hobbies．

Find a good place to study．Look around thehouse5_______a good study place．Keep this space，which may be a desk6_______just a corner of yourroom．No games。radio。or television!When you sitdown to work，think only about the subjeet!

Make good use of your time in class．Listen7_______to what the teacher says．Careful listeningin class means less work later．You also need to takenotes in class，because it can8_______it easier for you to learn．