第一章 詞法

第一節 名詞

要點歸納

一、名詞的分類

名詞分類可簡單列表如下：

二、名詞的數

(一)可數名詞復數的構成

1.規律變化

可數名詞復數的構成規律如下：

2.不規則變化的可數名詞單數變復數形式

英語里有一些名詞的復數形式是不規則的，需要記憶。但可分類歸納如下：

注：巧記“某國人”的單復數變化：中日不變，英法變，其余后面把s添。即：Chinese，Japanese的單復數相同，Englishman，Frenchwoman等要把a改為e。如：an Englishman→two Englishmen。其他各國人的復數直接加s即可，如：a German→two Germans，anAmerican→four Americans。

3.合成名詞的復數形式

合成名詞構成復數時通常只將里面所包含的主體名詞變為復數。例如，apple tree－apple trees蘋果樹。由woman作為第一部分的復合名詞，將兩部分皆變成為復數形式。如：man writer－menwriters男作家，woman singer－womem singers女歌手。

(二)不可數名詞數量的表示

不可數名詞無法直接用數目計算，因此不可數名詞不能像可數名詞那樣用a，an，many，few，one。two等詞修飾，但可用some，much，little等詞修飾。不可數名詞通常采用“數詞(當數詞是one時可用a或an)+piece，cup，bottle等計量單位名詞+of+不可數名詞”形式表達數量。要特別注意一點：當數詞大于1時，計量單位名詞要用復數形式。如：Give me a glass of juice and two pieces of bread，please．

不可數名詞一般只有單數形式，沒有復數形式，其量的概念通常用一單位詞來表示，或用some，lit－tle，much等來修飾，如：a piece 0f paper(bread…)一張紙(一塊面包…)；a bottle of wine(juiee…)－瓶酒(一瓶果汁……)。

(三)名詞作主語和謂語的呼應

1.句子的謂語動詞要和主語相一致：單數可數名詞或沒有計量單位的名詞修飾的不可數名詞充當句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；復數名詞用作句子主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：Beef is delicious，but don't eat too much of it．牛肉是美味，但別吃太多。Everyone except Bill and Tom was there whenthe meeting began．會議開始時，除了比爾和湯姆，每個人都在這。－Can I help you?我能幫你嗎?－Yes，I'd like five potatoes and some peas．是的，我想要五個土豆和一些豌豆。

2.有計量單位名詞修飾的不可數名詞充當句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數還是用復數形式，由計量單位名詞的單、復數形式決定。如：－What's on the ta－ble?桌子上是什么?－There is a glass of milk．是一杯牛奶。How many bottles of juice are there in thebox?盒子里有多少瓶果汁?

3.有些名詞只有復數形式，謂語動詞也用復數形式。常見的這些詞有：trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，goods(商品)等。如：Where are my glasses?我的眼鏡在哪里?Your shoes are nice and beautiful．你的鞋很好看。

4.有些詞以復數形式表示單數意義，謂語動詞用單數形式。常見的這些詞有news，physics等。相反，有些詞卻以單數形式表示復數意義，謂語動詞用復數形式。常見的這些詞police，people等。如：Physics is a very important subject．物理是一門很重要的課程。The police are running after a robber now．警察們正在追強盜。

5.有些數詞和名詞的復數形式合在一起用來表示一個整體(例如一段時間)，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：Two weeks isn't enough for me to finish the work．I need a third week．對我而言，要完成這個工作，兩周不夠。我需要三周。

三、名詞所有格

名詞所有格的構成列表如下：

典型考題例析

1.(2007天津市)They got much_____on the Intemet．

A.photo B.ideas

C.message D.information

點撥：從題意看這里應選“信息”，而much是修飾不可數名詞的，因此不能選擇C。答案為：D。

2.(2007孝感市)There are three_____assistants

in that_____shop．

A.women；shoe B.woman；shoe

C.woman；shoes D.women；shoes

點撥：woman作為第一部分的復合名詞的復數，兩部分都須變成復數。由主謂一致的原則可知，不能選擇B和C。答案為：A。

3.(2007河北省)_____room is big and

bright．They like it very much．

A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's and Sam

C.Tom and Sam's D.Tom's and Sam's

點撥：A and B's型名詞所有格表示A、B兩者共同擁有某物。因為room是單數，因此確定該房間兩者共有。答案為：C。

4.(2007沈陽市)A human_____can do some

things better than a computer，for example，crea－

ring new ideas．

A.head B.body

C.brain D．arm

點撥：從題意看這里應選“大腦”，而不是“頭”，因此，不能選擇A。答案為：C。

5.(2006哈爾濱市)My school isn't far from here．

It's onlv_____walk．

A.fifteen minutes B.fifteen minutes'

C.fifteen minute's

點撥：無生命名詞所有格用來表示時間、距離、重量等。答案為：B。

誤區警示

1．數詞+名詞+形容詞構成的復合形容詞，中間的名詞不能用復數形式，而須用單數形式。

如：she is a_____girI．

A.five－year－old

B.five－years－old

C.five years old

答案為：A。

2.不能正確判斷謂語的單復數形式。一些“形單義復”或“形復義單”的名詞作主語時，容易犯主謂不一致的錯誤。

如：The class_____(plant)trees on the hiilnow．

答案為：are planting。易誤為是is planting。class作為“全班同學”解時是“形單義復”類名詞，其作為句子的主語時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。

3.不能正確判斷出是可數名詞或是不可數名詞。

如：My parents gave me two_____(advice)about my summer holiday．

advice是不可數名詞，答案為：pieces of advice。

4.不能正確理解一些無生命的名詞所有格的用法。一些無生命的名詞也可采用有生命的所有格形式表示時間、距離、重量等概念。

如：It's about 10_____(minute)walk from here to the park．

答案為：minutes'。常被誤以為答案是minutes of。

破關訓練

一、單項選擇。

( )1.－HOW many_____do you want?

－A kilo，please．

A.potato B.bread

C.bananas D.milk

( )2.Tom，take some_____to school．It's too

hot and you may feel thirsty．

A.cake B.apples

C.btead D.juice

( )3．You must read the_____carefully before

taking the medicine．

A.instructions B.news

C.numbers D.pictures

( )4.－What can I do for you?

－I'd like two

A.box of apples B.bottles of milk

C.boxes of apple D.bottles of milks

( )5.Lily told me that her next match was ageinst

team ftom No.2 Middle School．

A.a girl's B.girl's

C.the girls' D.a girls'

( )6．It's over_____journey ftom Nanning to

GuiIin．

A.a little minute's B.a few minute's

C.a little minutes' D.a few minutes'

( )7.This is_____bedroom，The twin brothers

like it very much．

A.Tom's and Ted's B.Tom and Ted's

C.Tom's and Ted D.Tom and Ted

( )8.Jane said her family WOUld have_____hol－

iday．

A.two－weeks B.two weeks

C.a two－week D.two week's

( )9.There is not enough_____in the corner

for the table．

A.field B.place C.room D.ground

( )10.These young men want to have some_____

for dinner，SO they decide to catch_____

now．

A.fish；some B.fish much

C.fisheslmuch D.fishesImany

二、根據句意用所給詞的恰當形式填空。

1.The_____(Smith)are coming to our party．

2.There are two_____(German)in our class．

3.He's a ffiend 0I your_____(sister)．

4.The number of the b00ks 0n the shelf

(be)about 100．

5.There are some_____(tomato)in these

(Dhoto)．

第二節 代詞

要點歸納

一、代詞的分類

代詞是用來代替名詞的詞。分類列表如下：二、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的分類及作用表一(單數)

三、指示代詞

具有指示人或事物作用的代詞稱為指示代詞。

四、不定代詞

表示“一些，許多”的不定代詞

五、疑問代詞和連接代詞

用來詢問“誰”、“誰的”、“什么”等以構成特殊疑問句的代詞稱疑問代詞，一般都放在句首，并在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語。

疑問代詞的形式如下：

典型考題例析

1.(2007蘭州市)The book is_____．I wrote_____name on its cover_____．

A.my；my；myself B.mine；my；myself

C.mine；myself；my D.myself：mine；my

點撥：第一空是表語，用名詞性物主代詞；第二空后有名詞，用形容詞性物主代詞；第三空說自己，用反身代詞。答案為：B．

2.(2007北京市)_____is watching TV．Let's

turn it off．

A.Somebody B.Anybody

C.Nobody D.Everybody

點撥：B．用于否定句或疑問句，故不能用在此處。句中說要關掉電視，A和D不合題意。答案為：C。

3.(2007北京市)My parents gave_____a nice toy

dog for my birthday．

A.I B.me C.my D.mine

點撥：間接賓語人稱代詞的賓格，A為人稱代詞的主格，不能用在此處。答案為：B。

4.(2007孝感市)I asked John for_____ink，but

he didn't have_____．

A.any；some B.any，；any

C.some；any D.some；some

點撥：不定代詞some用于肯定句，而any則用于否定句和疑問句中。答案為：C。

5.(2007蘭州市)JiITffny's parents are teachers．

_____of them teaches Chinese．They hoth

teach French．

A.Neither B.Either

C.All D.Both

點撥：句意為：“他們倆都不教中文。”答案為：A。

破關訓練

一、單項選擇。

( )1.－Can we put our shoes here?

－Oh，yes．Put_____on，the shelf，please．

A.them B.they

C.their D.it

( )2.－Is this T－shirt yours?

－NO，it's Linda's．_____is in_____

school bag．

A.Yours；your B.Mine；my

C.My；mine D.Your；yours

( )3.Last Sunday I saw_____enjoy_____

in the park．

A.her；hers B.they；them

C.she；herself D.them；themselves

( )4.The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than

_____made in Europe．

A.ones B.it

C.that D.those

( )5.－How often are the OlymDic Games held?

－_____four years．

A.Every B.For

C.Each D.In

( )6.My flather is very busy with his work．He has

_____time tO read newspapers．

A.a little B.few

C.little D.a few

( )7.It was a long journey．but_____of tham

felt boring．

A.both

B.none

C.either D.all

( )8.－_____does your sister do?

－She is a teacher．

A.What B.When

C.Which D.How

( )9.There is_____in the box．It's erupty．

A.sonlething B.everything

C.nothing D.anything

( )10.I don't have_____dresses。but I have

_____skirts．

A.any；some B.somel some

C.someIany D.any；any

( )11.－Can I come this Saturday or Sunday?

－_____is OK．I'm free this weekend．

A.Both B.Either

C.Neither D.None

( )12.－_____have you studied English?

－Over five years．

A.HOW mUCh B.How often

C.How far D.How long

( )13.－What else do you want?

－Oh，thank you．I don't need_____．

A.more anythirig B.anything more

C.something more D.more somethitag

( )14.－All right，and what abOut TV shOWS and

plays?

－Oh，yeah．_____of us likes tham．

A.All B.No one

C.Every one D.Most

( )15.I don't 1ike this shirt，so 1 want to see some

_____．

A.others B.the other

C.other D.all other

第三節 數詞

要點歸納

一、基數詞的構成

二、基數詞的用法

三、序數詞

四、數詞的主要用法

1.用來給事物編號。如：Room 121(讀作：roomone two one)，Lesson One=the first lesson。

2.用來構成分數詞。用分數詞表示分數時，分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞；如果分子大于1時，分母要用復數。如：1／2 one－second；3／4 three－fourths。另外，下列分數還可以表示為：1／2a half；1／3 a third；1／4 a fourth7a quarter；3f4 three quarters，

分數作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數由of后面名詞的數決定。如：Two-thirds of the jnice was drunkbv Tonny．Three-fourths of the singers are girls．

3.用來構成日期。日期的通常排列順序為“月，日，年”。“日”用序數詞，“年”用基數詞。如“他出生于1990年5月6日”譯成英文為：He was born onMay the sixth，nineteen ninety．

4.用來表示時刻。通常用“時鐘+分鐘”法表示時刻，時鐘和分鐘的讀數都用基數詞。如“這個交通事故發生在9點20分。”翻譯成英文為：The trafficaccident happened at ni'ne twenty．

5.表示年代、世紀。如in the 1990s意思為“在二十世紀九十年代”。(讀作in the nineteen nineties)

6.序數詞與不定冠詞a／an連用時表示“又一”、“再一”。如：Both ofthetwo rulers arebroken．1wantt0 buy a t11ird one這兩把尺子都壞了，我想再買一把。

7.用來表示小數、百分數。小數點前和其他數詞一樣讀，小數點讀成point，小數點后讀成個位數。如：28.25讀成twenty eight point two five。

典型考題例析

1.(2007山西市)we can see_____stars at night

if there are no clouds in the skv．

A.thousand of B.thousands 0f

C.a thousand

點撥：thousand，million，billion用復數形式，后加of，可表示“成千上萬”、“數百萬”、“上億”等。答案為：B。

2.(2007孝感市)This is the_____time in

days that he has made the same mistake．

A.second；third B.two；three

C.two；third D.second；three

點撥：第一空前有定冠詞，故應用序數詞，第二空后是名詞復數，故用基數詞。答案為：D。

誤區警示

有關數詞考點，同學們容易犯下列錯誤：

1.表示“確數”時，容易受定式影響，將hundred，thousand，million，billion等詞誤用復數形式。如：這所中學有2000多個學生。There are more than twothousands students in this school．(×)There aremore than two thousand students in this school．(√)

2.分子大于一的分數詞的分母誤用單數形式。如：這里三分之二的小車都是中國造的。TWO thirdof the cars here are made in Chim．(×)TWO thirds ofthe cars here are made in China．(√)

破關訓練

一、單項選擇。

( )1.－HOW far is it from your home to school?

－It's about_____meters．

A.one thousand，one hundred and eightr－five

B.one thousand，one hundred eighty－five

C.one thousand and hundred eighty five

D.one thousand，one hundred and eighty five

( )2.－How many people are there in your schooI?

－About two

A.thousands B.thousand

C.thousands of D.thousand of

( )3.This is_____lesson ofthis book．

A.thtee B.the three

C.the third D.third

( )4.－What class are you in?

－I'm in_____．

A.Class Five，Grade One

B.Grade One，Class Five

C.Class five。Grade one

D.Grade one。Class five

( )5._____trees are planted on the hill every

year．

A.Hundred and thousand of

B.Hundreds and thousands of

C.Hundred and thousand

D.Hundreds and thousands

( )6.Lilei told me he lives in

A.Room 6 B.the Room 6

C.Number 6th Room

D.the Number Room 6

( )7.Guilin is a beautiful city．_____people

eonle here to visit the Lijiang every year．

A.Thousand B.Thousands

C.Thousands of D Thousand of

( )8._____of the teachers in our school are

men teachers．

A.Two thirds B.Thtee quarter

C.Three four D.Two thtee

( )9.There are_____people in my falnily．We

live on the_____floor in a tall building．

A.six；ten B.sixth；tenth

C.sixth；ten D.six；tenth

( )10.The Yellow River is the_____longest

river in our eountry．

A.seeond B.two

C.one D.first

( )11.The singer was vety famous_____．

A.in the 1990 B.in 1990s

C.in 1990's D.in the 1990s．

( )12.－What's the population of Chim?

－It's about

A.one billion，three thousand mmion

B.one billion，three hundred mnlion

C.thirteen million

D.twelve billion。nine hundred million

( )13.There is_____tower in the city．

A.a eighty－metre－high

B.a eighty－metres－high

C.an eighty－metre－high

D.an eighty－metres－high

( )14.Today we're going to learn lesson_____．

A.twenty B.twentys

C.twentyth D.twentieth

( )15.It's half past eight now．We'n start 20 mi－

nutes later．That is，we will start at_____．

A.eight fifty－five

B.eight past fifty

C.tento eight

D.ten to nine

第四節 介詞

要點歸納

一、介詞概述

介詞是虛詞的一種，也是英語里最為活躍的一種詞。介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間關系的詞。任何一個介詞都必須帶著賓語，一般是名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語及從句。

介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組，在句中可用作主語、定語、狀語、表語和補語。

二、介詞的用法

(一)表時間的介詞用法巧歸納

口訣：at在某時刻，0n在某天早晚和日期，

in用在時段或以后，after用在某時以后，

for表延續若干時．by到某時候，

since自某時間以來，

till，until直到何時候，

它才能歸來。

如：We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived at 5 o'clock in the morning．

(二)表地點的介詞用法巧歸納

口訣：里面、上面in和on，

over，under上下方。

前后in front of和behind，

at在某一地點上。

來自from，朝前to，

里面穿過是through。

表面穿過across，

到上面是onto，

進入是into。

在旁邊是beside，

在附近就把near用，

緊挨著就next t0。

(三)表方式的介詞用法巧歸納

by，with，in的用法。by表示“以……方式／方法”或“用……交通工具”，后接名詞或動詞的－ing形式。with表示“以……工具”，后接工具名詞，或表示“在……(的幫助)下”。in表示“用……語言(顏色、語調、筆墨等)”。如：The teacher cattle into the class－room with a smile on her face．In the near future，many of us will be able to go to work by car．Can yousay this word in French?

三、介詞的選用

1.介詞的賓語決定介詞。如：The train is goingthrough the channel．火車正在通過隧道。

2.介詞前面的動詞決定介詞。如：He went tothe Great Wall last week．上星期他去了長城。

3.介詞后面的詞決定介詞。如：He is strict inhis work．他對他的工作要求很嚴格。He is strictwith his students．他對他的學生要求很嚴格。

4.介詞本身的詞義決定介詞。如：They will behere at／before／after 5 o'clock．他們將在五點鐘／五點鐘前／五點鐘后到這里。

四、“動詞+副詞”結構后接代詞作賓語

根據在句中作用的不同，up，in，on，off，over，down，round，OUt等一些詞既可用作介詞，又可用作副詞。“動詞+副詞”結構的詞組后接名詞作賓語時，名詞可放在副詞之前，也可放在副詞之后；當這些詞組接代詞作賓語時，代詞只能放在動詞和副詞之間。如：Allen，your gloves are here．Why not put them a－way?

典型考題例析

1.(2007溫州市)－When wm the 2008 Olympic

Games start?

－_____August 8，2008．

A.On B.In C.For D.At

點撥：表示在具體的日期要用on。答案為：A。

2.(2007北京市)we traveled all night to London and

got tnere_____Sunday morning．

A.for B.on C.at D.to

點撥：表示在具體某天的早中晚要用on。答案為：B。

3.(2007成都市)The moonlight is coming in_____the

window and the room seems quiet and beautifuI．

A.across B.through C.over

點撥：此題考查表示空間運動的介詞，A表示從這一邊到那一邊橫穿，C是指跨越上方，B是指穿越或穿過。根據題意，答案為：B。

誤區警示

有關介詞考點，同學們容易犯下列錯誤：

1.混淆一些近義的介詞或詞組的用法。如：Hecan SWim through the river．(×)He can swim acrossthe river．(√)

2.分不清“動詞+介詞”和“動詞+副詞”的區別。

破關訓練

一、單項選擇。

( )1._____9：00 of January 1，we'll have a

New Year's party．

A.On B.In C.At D.By

( )2.My brother went to Canada last year．We

haven't seen him_____．

A.from almost a year

B.sinee almost a year ago

C.before almost a year

D.after almost a year

( )3._____the help of our English teacher，we

can learn English better．

A.With B.Under

C.Using D.Through

( )4.－I think that haVing junk food is bad_____

our health．

－Yes，I agree_____you．

A.tO；to B.for；for

C.for；with D.at；with

( )5.I study for a test_____working with a

group．

A.at B.for C.bv D.to

( )6.Nanning is famous_____“Green City”．

A.ftom B.as C.in D.for

( )7.China lies_____the east of Asia and

the north Of Australia．

A.to；in B.to；in

C.in；to D.in；on

( )8.I don't like this color．I don't want to

_____．

A.try it on B.put on it

C.wear it on D.dtess 0n it

( )9.The radio is too noisy．Could I_____?

A.turn it up B.turn it down

C.turn up it D.turn down it

( )10.I'm fifteen now．I was born_____1992．

A.in B.on C.at D.ftom

( )11.The story happened_____a cold dark

night．

A.in B.on C.at D.of

( )12.Mary will artive_____London_____

the morning.

A.at；in B.in；in

C.in；on D.at；on

( )13.I am gOing to the beach_____my car．

A.by B.to C.on D.in

( )14．Hainan is the second largest island in Our

eountry．It is_____of Guangxi．

A.to the south

B.in the south

C.at the south

D.on the sourh

( )15.We waited an hour for a taxi．We gave up

and walked home．

A.at the beginning B.at first

C.in the end D.1astlv

第五節 冠詞

要點歸納

一、冠詞的分類和位置

冠詞分為不定冠詞a／an和定冠詞the。冠詞用在名詞前，本身無獨立意義，但對句意影響很大。

二、冠詞的用法

(一)不定冠詞的用法

(二)定冠詞the的用法

(三)不用冠詞(零冠詞)的情況

三、有無冠詞意義不同

有些詞組有無冠詞意思有很大的差別。常見的這些詞組列表如下：

典型考題例析

1.(2007福州市)－Do you know Taiwan，Jenny?

－Yes，of coures．Taiwan is_____island．It be－

longs to China．

A.a B.an C.the D.不填

點撥：island是以元音音素開頭的單詞，表示數量“一”時，其前面不定冠詞用an。答案為：B。

2.(2007天津市)－will you get there by_____

train?

－No，I'Il take_____taxi．

A.／；a B.a；the

C.／；／ D.the；a

點撥：第一空by表示途徑時，不用定冠詞。第二空為固定搭配。答案為：A。

3.(2007孝感市)My brother studies in_____uni－

versity．_____universl‘ty is very far from here．

A.amThe B.a：The

C.the；A D.a；A

點撥：第一空university雖然是以元音字母為開頭拼寫的單詞，但是，不是以元音音素開頭，故不能用an。第二空university是第二次出現，要用定冠詞the。答案為：B。

4.(2007河北省)_____woman in a purple skirt is

Betty's mother．

A.The B.A C.An D.不填

點撥：本句是特指“穿紫色短裙的那個婦女”，要用定冠詞the。答案為：A。

誤區警示

有關冠詞考點，同學們容易犯下列錯誤：

1.選用不定冠詞a，an時，搞不清楚是該看元音、輔音字母開頭還是看元音、輔音音標開頭。

2.搞不清該“加冠”還是“免冠”。

破關訓練

一、單項選擇。

( )1.There is_____dolphin shOW in the zoo at

10：00 am every day．

A.a B.an C.the D.／

( )2.There is_____elephant，_____tiger

and some mice in the picture．

A.an；a B.a；an

C.an；an D.a：a

( )3.You've dropped_____“d”in the word

“Wednesday”．

A.an B.a C.the D.／

( )4._____Whites are having a party now．

A.An B.／ C.The D.A

( )5.He can play_____baseball well，and he

can play_____piano better．

A.a；the B.／；the

C.the；／ D.the；a

( )6.I have some bread and_____cup of milk

for_____breakfast every morning．

A.／；the B.a；the

C.a；／ D.a；a

( )7.What_____fine weather it is!

A.a B.the

C.／ D.an

( )8.There is_____weather report in today's

newspaper．_____reporter says it wnl be

rainy tomorrow．

A.a；A B.a；The

C.the；The D.／；／

( )9.Jack bought_____useful book．_____

book is als0 very interesting.

A.an；The B.a；A

C.the；The D.a；The

( )10.Yao Ming，_____NBA player，wm con－

tlhue_____matehes this year．

A.an：the B.a；a

C.a；the D.the：a

( )11.I have to study for_____English test．

A.a B.an

C.the D.／

( )12.We have waited for her for_____hour．

A.the B.／

C.an D.a

( )13.－How far is it from our scholl to_____

station?

一It's about_____eight knometers'

walk ftom here．

A.the；a B.／；an

C.the；／ D.／；the

( )14.－What's_____weather 1ike today?

－Maybe it is_____nice day．

A．a；the B.／；a

C.the；／ D.the；a

( )15.Jim said he wanted to be_____university

student after he finished school．

A.the B.a

C.an D.／

第六節 連詞

要點歸納

一、連詞的概述

連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨立充當句子成分，而只能起連接詞與詞、短語與短語以及句與句的作用。

二、連詞的分類

典型考題例析

1.(2007北京市)I'd like to go shopping with you，

_____I'm too busy today．

A.but B.and C.so D.or

點撥：所連接的兩個句子之間是轉折關系。答案為：A。

2.(2007茂名市)Stop，_____we willshoot at

you．

A.so B.and C.or

點撥：所連接的兩個句子之間是選擇關系。答案為：C。

3.(2007沈陽市)The red suitcase is expensive

_____it's made of 1eather．

A.when B.if

C.because D.though

點撥：所連接的兩個句子之間是因果關系。答案為：C。

4.(2007浙江省)－I hear Jay Chou、will come to our city．

－Really?_____he comes，Helen wm be very

happy because she is a big fan of Jay．

A.If B.Until

C.Unless D.Before

點撥：從題意可知，所連接的句子是條件狀語從句。答案為：A。

誤區警示

1.不能同時出現在一個句子的連詞：因為，所以because，so；雖然，但是though，but。

2.if的不同用法。當“是否”用是引導賓語從句；作“假如，如果”引導條件狀語從句。

破關訓練

( )1.－Would you like t0 come to my party?

－I'd like to．_____I'm too busy．

A.if B.so C.and D.but

( )2.Hurry up，_____you'll be late．

A.or B.so C.and D.but

( )3.Tom tried his best to study for a test．

he failed again．

A.or B.and C.but D.became

( )4.Which one is better?The red one_____

the blue one?

A.so B.and C.or D.but

( )5._____you_____he is able t0 sing well

A.Both；and B.Neither；nor

C.Either；nor D.Not only．but

( )6._____Julia_____Suemaygowith you

because one of them must look after their

grandpa．

A.Either；or B.Neither．nor

C.Both；and D.Solthat

( )7.Tom didn't go to bed_____his mother

came home．

A.when B.while

C.until D.because

( )8.We are aIl here．Jim isn't here_____he

has a bad cold．

A.because B.if

C.before D.so

( )9.Susan fell asleep_____she was listening

to the music．

A.before B.while

C.as soon as D.after

( )10.I will tell you_____he comes back．

A.as B.while

C.since D.as soon as

( )11.He was_____tired_____he fell a－

sleep at once．

A.even；thOUgh B.as；if

C.SO，that D.as sOOn as；so

( )12.The foreigher asked me_____I could

speak English．

A.what B.if C.that D.／

( )13.I hope to go to Australia some day_____

there are many kangflroos there．

A.though B.where

C.unless D.because

( )14.I'm waiting for the email．Do you know

_____it will arrive?

A.when B.where

C.now D.what

( )15.Our living environments have been getting

worse_____the increase in industrial

Dollution．

A.as B.thanks to

C.because D.since

第七節 形容詞、副詞

要點歸納

一、形容詞與副詞的句法功能對比

二、形容詞、副詞的比較等級

三、形容詞、副詞三種級別的用法

四、一些常見的形容詞變副詞的方法

典型考題例析

1.(2007蘭州市)Remember，claSS，_____you work．_____result you'll get．

A.the better；the harder

B.the harder：the better

C.the hard；the better

D.the harder；the good

點撥：表示兩個過程按比例同時增減時，用“the+比較級，the+比較級”。A答案不符合邏輯。答案為：B。

2.(2007山西省)Sorry，I took your MP3 by mistake，

I'll be_____careful next time．

A.most B.more C.much

點撥：多音節和部分雙音節形容詞、副詞的比較級，是在詞前加more構成。答案為：B。

3.(2007浙江省)－This sweater is tOO expensive．I

can't afford it．

－HOw about this one?It's much

A.cheap B.cheaper

C.cheapest D.the cheapest

點撥：much是用來修飾形容詞、副詞比較級的。答案為：B。

4.(2007宜昌市)－How does Tony go to school every

day?

－e has the_____joumey，so he walks to

scholl．

A.farthest B.longest

C.nearest D.shortest

點撥：該題考查形容詞比較級的詞義。journey在此是指“路程”。答案為：D。

5.(2007沈陽市)－Which ocean is_____，the At－

lantic or the Pacific?

－The Pacific．

A.deep B.deeper

C.deepest D.more deeper

點撥：該題考查形容詞比較級的用法。D答案是錯誤的。因為more不能用來修飾單音節詞比較級。答案為：B。

誤區警示

有關形容詞、副詞考點，同學們容易犯下列錯誤：

1.誤認為所有以－ ly結尾的詞都是副詞。實際上friendly，lively，silly，lovely等詞都是形容詞。

2.在將部分形容詞、副詞變比較級、最高級時容易出錯。須牢記帶后綴的形容詞、副詞都是通過在詞前加more，most變成比較級、最高級的，如：lively變比較級、最高級：livelier(×)，liveliest(×)，more livelv(√)，most lively(√)。

破關訓練

( )1.This year it doesn't rain as_____1ast

year．

A.more than B.much as

C.many as D.more

( )2.Bob never writes his homework_____

John．

A.so careful B.so careful

C.as carefully as D.as careful as

( )3.I can_____listen to the weather report－

er．Please turn it up．

A.clearly B.really

C.rather D.hardly

( )4.This room is much_____than that one．

A.stronger B.bigger

C.biggest D.fast

( )5.It's_____to teach a man fishing than to

give him fish．

A.better B.best

C.more D.good

( )6.The world iS becoming_____because the

Internet brings us closer．

A.big and big

B.smaller and smaller

C.small and small

D.bigger and bigger

( )7.The food 0f China is_____that of western

countries．

A.rather good than

B.so good as

C.much better than

D.more better than

( )8.The noise upstairs made the man so_____．

A.angrily B.angry

C.happy D.happily

( )9.The match is very_____and I am_____in it．

A.exciting excited

B.excite excite

C.excited exciting

D.exciting；exciting

( )10.Don'speak_____when we are in the

reading room．

A.fast B.loudly

C.slowly D.politely

第八節 動詞

要點歸納

一、動詞的分類

英語中動詞根據其詞義和作用，可分為實義動詞、聯系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞四大類。列下表以示其特點、語法意義。

二、非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞有三種形式：動詞不定式、v-ing形式、過去分詞

1.不定式意味著動作未發生。后接動詞不定式的主要動詞(詞組)有：want，decide，hope，expect，re－fuse，agree，would like，wish，promise等，后接動詞不定式作賓語；tell，ask，order，expect，want，allow，ad－vice，permit等，后可接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但see，hear，look，listen，watch等感官動詞和have，let，make等使役動詞之后要接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，當這些動詞用于被動語態時，作主語補足語的動詞不定式要帶to。

2.動名詞意味著動作正在進行。后接v－ing形式的主要動詞(詞組)有：enjoy，practise，finish，keep，hate，prefer；mind，give up，feel like，be busy，be goodat，can't help，be worth，stop…from，look forward to等。

3.有些動詞之后可以接兩種不同的非謂語動詞形式，但表示的意義不一樣。常見的有：

4.規則變化的動詞過去分詞是在動詞原形之后加一ed構成，主要用來表示被動含義。如：The citycalled“Green City”is our Nanning．

三、動詞的時態和語態

(一)動詞的8種時態

句子的時態和句子的時間狀語緊密相連。要答好時態選擇題，必須認真分析句子的時間狀語，并由此來確定句子該用何種時態。若句中沒有時間狀語，則要根據上下文語境、句意及邏輯分析來判斷用何種時態。

還要注意幾種特殊情況：

1.在含有賓語從句的復合句中，如果主句謂語動詞是現在時態，可以根據需要選擇從句謂語動詞的時態；如果主句謂語動詞是過去時態，賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態要用過去的某種時態；但若從句表示客觀真理，則謂語動詞的時態用一般現在時。如：Weshall go fishing if it doesn't rain this afternoon，

2．在含有時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的復合句中，從句謂語動詞要用一般現在時表示將要發生的動作。

(二)動詞的語態

英語謂語動詞有兩種語態，列表如下：

典型考題例析

1.(2007河北省)There_____a talk show on

CCTV－4 at nine this evening．

A.will have B.is going to be

C.is going to have D.is staying

點撥：There be用于There is going to…句式時要用There is going to be…答案為：B。

2.(2007北京市)I had a bad cold．The doctor asked

me_____in bed．

A.staying B.to stay

C.stayed D.stays

點撥：ask之后可接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。答案為：B。

3.(2007武漢市)－When_____your brother

back?

－About half an hour ago．

A.did；come B.had：come

C.do；come D.have；come

點撥：ago是一般過去式的時間狀語。did是用來構成一般過去式疑問句的助動詞。答案為：A。

4.(2007北京市)Today Chinese_____by more

and more people around the world．

A.was spoken B.is spoken

C.spoke D.speak

點撥：today是現在時的時間狀語，由句意可知要用被動語態。答案為：B。

5.(2007浙江省)－Must I hand in my composition

today?

－No，you_____．You may give it to me torrlorrow．

A.needn't B.can't

C.mustn't D.shouldn't

點撥：must表示“必要”時，其否定形式為needn't，表示不必要。答案為：A。

誤區警示

有關動詞考點，同學們容易犯下列錯誤：

1.誤用非延續和延續性動詞。部分同學在做時態試題時，忘記“段”時間狀語需和延續性動詞連用。如，翻譯：“那個老人死了有五年了。”The old man hasdied for 5 years．(×)The old man has been dead for 5years．(√)

2.誤用時態。部分同學在做時態題時，容易被表面的時間狀語所迷惑。

如：She'U come to see you if it_____(be)fine tomorrow．(用所給詞的正確形式填空)

部分同學解答本題時容易受句末時間狀語的影響而誤認為答案是will be。事實上解答本題需要考慮本題考的是狀語從句，從句使用一般現在時表示將來。答案是is。

3.誤用語態。有些動詞常用主動語態表示被動含義，如sell，taste，sme'll等。如：“這些食物味道很好聞”翻譯成英文為The food smells well．而不是Thefood is smelt well．

破關訓練

一、單項選擇題。

( )1.He_____apples，but his sister_____．

A.1ikes；didn't B.likes；doesn't

C.don't like；do D.didn't like：do

( )2.We won't go fishing if_____tomorrow．

A.it rains B.it will rain

C.it WOLIld rain D.it rained

( )3.－Where is Fred now?

－He_____his car outside the door．

A.fixing up B.fix up

C.is fixing up D.fixed

( )4.Look，some children_____photos over

there．

A.are taking B.take

C.took D.takes

( )5.－When_____you_____Tom?

－At 10：00．

A.do：see B.did；see

C.did；saw D.were；see

( )6.－It's a secret between us．Don't tell anybody

else．

－Sure，_____．

A.I don't B.I will

C.I do D.I won't

( )7.There_____a sports meeting in our

school next week．

A.have B.will have

C.is going to be D.is going to have

( )8.He_____TV plays at 8：00 last night．

A.watched B.was watching

C.is watching D.watches

( )9._____you ever_____flowers in the

park?

A.Have；picked B.Has；picked

C.Have；been D.Did；picked

( )10.I_____away from this school for two

years．

A.was B.went

C.have been D.have gone

二、用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1._____(do) Jim_____(do) his homework at

seven every evening?

2.What_____(be) you _____(have) the day

after tomorrow?

3. My mother_____(cook) for me when I came

home yesterday afternoon.

4.Listen! Someone_____(sing) the song.

5. He said，“I_____(paint) his house when the

telephone rang.”

6.The ancient city _____(find) in 1978.

7.Please stop_____(talk). It's time for class.

8.Why not_____(tell) me the troth. I must know it.

9._____(see) is believing. It' s true.

10.－Have you finished _____(write) the email?

－Not yet.

三、句子改錯。每個句子有一處錯誤。請畫出來并在題后橫線上寫出正確答案。

1.Where could you like to visit? _____

2.The room needs to be clean._____

3.Tom paid ten cents in the pen. _____

4.It was invent in 1990._____

5.He didn't appear until the cOncert begun._____

6.We should study from Lei Feng. _____

7.Teenagers should be allowed choosing their own

clothes._____

8.We will help them cleaning the park on Sunday._____

9.She dreams of become a super star. ______

10.He was heard sing a song just now. _______

四、選擇適當短語填空。

cheer up， set up， clean up， call up， come up with，run out of， write down， hand out， put off， put up

1.We should_____all our ideas. Who has a pen?

2.I have a lot of signs to_____. Would you like

to help me?

3.I'll_____eleven people and ask them to come.

4.Would you please help him _____ the gifts at

the party?

5.－Do you have to finish it right away?

－Yes. We can't_____it

6.You can .help_____some good ideas for

games.

7.That little dog looks so sad. Let's _____her

8.We should ______ the room together.

9.They want to______a school in the village.

10.Lily has______money already.