眾所周知,it的用法非常復雜,它是中學階段的重點語法之一,且是高考考綱規定內容之一。它不但可以充當形式主語,而且可以用來改變句子結構,使句子的某一成分得到強調,引導強調句型。此外,它引導的幾個時間句型更容易使學生混淆。下面,就這幾個句型淺談一二。
一、 It+be+時間+before-clause
這個句型中的時間一般為表示一段時間的詞語(a long time,long years,weeks,a few days,several months,many hours,minutes),若主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式,意為“過多長時間才……”。若主句的謂語動詞是否定式時,我們可以將其譯為“沒過多長時間就……”,主句的時態可以用過去時was或將來時will be。用was時,before從句的動詞也用一般過去時;用will be時,before從句常常用一般現在時表示將來時。例如:
It was long before he learned those boring poems by heart yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午他過了好久才背會那些枯燥的詩歌。
It was not long before the police arrived at the spot where the accident happened.
警察沒過多久就到達了事故發生的現場。
It will be weeks before they finish doing their homework.
要過好幾周他們才能完成家庭作業。
It will not be weeks before they understand each other.
他們要不了幾周就會互相了解的。
二、 It+be+時間+since-clause
這個句型表示從since-clause謂語動作發生以后到現在或過去所經過的一段時間,意為“自從……以來已經多久了”,主句多用一般現在時,從句用一般過去時。如果表示過去的情況,主句用一般過去時,從句用過去完成時,或主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。
注意:since引導時間狀語從句時,從句若使用短暫性(終止性)動詞,則表示該時間是主句時間段的終點(時間從現在算起);從句若使用延續性動詞,則表示該動作狀態的結束(時間從過去算起)。
It is three years since they got married.他們結婚已經三年了。(從現在算起)
It is three years since they were married.他們離婚已經三年了。(從過去算起)
It has been ten months since his mother passed away.他的媽媽去世已經十個月了。
It was two weeks since David had been a worker.大衛不當工人已經兩周了。
三、 It+be+時間+when-clause
這個句型,表示時間的詞前面沒有介詞(時間一般為具體時間)。主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態上一般是一致的,若主句是will be,when從句用一般現在時表示將來時。例如:
It was already late afternoon when we finished our work.
It will be late night when they arrive at the railway station near their houses.
四、 It+be+時間+that-clause
這是個強調句型。例如:
It was five weeks ago that he returned his motherland.
原來的句子:He returned his motherland five weeks ago.
It was at six o’clock that she practised playing the piano in the morning.
原來的句子:She practised playing the piano at six o’clock in the morning.
五、 It+be+time+that-clause
這個句型是虛擬語氣結構,無論主句用的是is或was,that從句都必須用動詞的過去式或should+動詞原形,should不可省略。time之前有時可加上high/about以加強語氣。
It is high time that he went to school with his son.
It is time(that) we made people’s life a little easy.
=It is time that we should make people’s life a little easy.
六、 It+be+the first/second/...last+time+that-clause
此句型表示截止到說話時某人的一種經歷,關鍵是time前有序數詞,主句謂語是is時,從句用現在完成時,若主句用was,則從句須用相應的過去完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have been in the Great Wall in China.
It was the third time that he had paid a friendly visit to Australia.