２００８年高考英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)（ＶＩＩ）

如何寫(xiě)出漂亮句子

一、掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作由于內(nèi)容是被規(guī)定了的，發(fā)揮的空間不大，得分點(diǎn)主要落在句型上。寫(xiě)出好句型的第一步就是要掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型。

1. 主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）

這種句型常與副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等狀語(yǔ)一起連用。如：

Birds sing beautifully.

We stopped to have a rest.

2. 主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）＋賓語(yǔ)

做賓語(yǔ)的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式等。如：

I like music.

I enjoy reading.

3. 主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)

最常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞是be，此外還有：(1)“感官”類(lèi)feel， smell， taste， sound， look， appear， seem 等；(2)“變化”類(lèi)become， get， grow， turn， go等；(3)“保持”類(lèi)remain， keep， hold， stay， rest等。做表語(yǔ)的通常是形容詞或名詞等。如：

She is beautiful.

He became angry. (注意：這里不能用angrily)

4. 主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋間接賓語(yǔ)（表示人）＋直接賓語(yǔ)（表示物）

表示人的賓語(yǔ)放在前面時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之間不需要添加介詞。如：

My grandparents sent me some books.

My parents bought me a pair of shoes.

如果表示物的賓語(yǔ)放在前面，則兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之間要加to或for。如：

My grandparents sent some books to me.

My parents bought a pair of shoes for me.

注意：

(1)表示人的賓語(yǔ)前加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有allow， bring， deny， give， hand， leave， lend， offer， owe， pass， pay， sell， send， show， teach， tell， wish， write等。

(2)表示人的賓語(yǔ)前加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有bring， buy， cash， choose， fetch， get， leave， make， order， paint， save， sing， spare等。

5. 主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的可以是形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或－ed形式等。如：

We painted the wall white.

He asked me to go there.

Can you hear her singing next door?

二、運(yùn)用常見(jiàn)的漂亮句型

基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作要求用5句話表達(dá)較多的內(nèi)容，所以短文中免不了要用一些較為復(fù)雜的句子，用詞高級(jí)、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、言語(yǔ)通順的句子往往會(huì)給你帶來(lái)高分。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的“好”句子：

1. 否定句型

He doesn’t know English， let alone / not to speak of French.

No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.

2. It 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

3. It is + 形容詞 + that 句型

It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain， important， necessary， strange， natural ....) that ....

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

4. It is + 過(guò)去分詞 + that 句型

It is said (reported， learned， well known， suggested， ordered， accepted....) that ...

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

Now， it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

5. It is + 名詞+ that句型

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.

It is time that children should go to bed.

6. It is .... + 連詞句型

It is ... since (when， before， after ) ...

It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.

It will be not long before he finishes his job

7. It + 動(dòng)詞+ that 句型

It happens (seems， looks， appears， occurs ) that...

It happened that he met his teacher in the street.

It seems that he will be back in a few days.

It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.

8. It takes sb. some time (some money) to do sth. 句型

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

9. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 句型

It is no good learning English without speaking English.

10. with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

With prices going up so fast， we can’t afford luxuries.

She remained silent， with her eyes fixed on the wall.

He was left alone， with no one to look after him.

He stared at me with his mouth open.

The teacher came in， with his hands in his pockets.

With tears of joy in her eyes， she saw her daughter married.

11. There be 常見(jiàn)句型

There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

There is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

There’s no point in getting angry when things have happened.

There’s no way one could succeed without hard work.

There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of high school students’ doing a part-time job.

There used to be many forests in our country.

12． as引導(dǎo)的常見(jiàn)句型

As a matter of fact， I don’t agree with you.

As far as I’m concerned， I think we should pay more attention to the safety of school children.

As far as I know， he is not coming， but l may be wrong.

As I just mentioned， nobody should drop out of school.

As is known to us all， Hong Kong is one of the financial centers of Asia.

As long as we work together， we can make the impossible possible.

13． in 引導(dǎo)的常見(jiàn)句型

In a word， money is something but not everything.

In conclusion， I find mutual understanding plays a key role in building a friendly relationship.

In general， graduates who speak good English will have more chances than those who don’t.

In my opinion， we should never abandon hope for success.

In other words， you should read and speak English crazily every day.

14． to引導(dǎo)的常用句型

To be honest， I don’t think we have a chance of winning.

To my surprise， I got a new computer for my birthday.

To start with， let’s talk about how much money we need.

To sum up， life in the future will certainly be very different from that of today.

To tell you the truth， I used to make a lot of trouble when I was young.

15． 部分倒裝常見(jiàn)句型

Never in my life have I seen such a thing.

Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door.

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

Child as he is， he can tell right from wrong.

Not only does he do well in his lessons， but also he often helps others with their lessons.

Only by working hard can you realize your dream.

16． 列舉歸類(lèi)句型

For one thing， these shoes don’t suit you. For another， they are too expensive.

In the first place， extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. In the second place， ...

17． 短文開(kāi)頭常用句型

When it comes to ...， most people believe that ...， but other people regard ...as ....

People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．

With the rapid increase of China’s population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．

18． 短文結(jié)尾常用句型

We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．

Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

From what has been discussed above， we may safely draw a conclusion that ....

In conclusion， we must lay emphasis on this problem and make our contribution to help them spend their first day on campus smoothly.

My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with， ... Secondly， ... Finally，

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青

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