終止性動詞又稱非延續性動詞,這類動詞所表示的動作在發生后立即結束并產生某種結果,此后該動作不再延續下去。常見的終止性動詞有:go,come,reach,arrive,leave,begin,join,borrow,buy,die,stop,kill等。在使用終止性動詞時應注意如下3種情況:
1.終止性動詞與till(until)引導的從句或時間狀語連用時,一般用否定形式,不用肯定形式。例如:
I can’t come till Tuesday.
我星期二以前不能來。
They aren’t going back to work until they get more money.
他們要到增加了工資才會回去工作。
2.終止性動詞在其肯定句式中不能與表示一段時間的for狀語連用。例如:
【誤】He has left the station for twenty minutes.
【誤】His grandfather has died for two years.
這是因為leave,die等動詞所表示的動作都是瞬間性的,不可能延續幾分鐘、幾小時或幾年,所以,不能與for時間狀語連用。我們可以用下列幾種形式轉換。
①將現在完成時改為一般過去時,同時把“for...”改為“...ago”。例如:
He left the station twenty minutes ago.
His grandfather died two years ago.
②用“It is+段時間+since+主語+過去動作”的句型來替換。 例如:
It is twenty minutes since he left the station.
It is two years since his grandfather died.
③用一個合適的延續性動詞來替換終止性動詞,如用have替換buy,用keep替換borrow等。但并不是所有的終止性動詞都能找到一個合適的延續性動詞來替換,所以我們還可用be的完成形式來替換,如上面兩句中,我們可以把leave改換成be away(from);把die改換成be dead。例如:
He has been away from the station for twenty minutes.
His grandfather has been dead for two years.
終止性動詞的肯定式不可延續,但它們的否定式可以延續一段時間,因為這個動作根本就未發生。例如:
He hasn’t come for two days.
他已經兩天沒來了。
I haven’t received her letter for three years.
我已經3年沒收到她的來信了。
3.終止性動詞不能與how long引導的疑問句連用。如下面兩句話均有錯誤:
How long have you borrowed the book?
How long has his brother joined the army?
應改為:
How long have you kept the book?
How long has his brother been in the army?