There be結構是初中英語中的一個重點句型,也是中考測試的重點內容。現在結合中考真題對這一結構的考查熱點進行歸納總結,以便大家更好地復習和掌握這一句型結構。
一、考查there be句型的主謂一致
There be結構中的謂語動詞be在人稱和數上應與其后的主語保持一致。如果there be結構中有兩個或兩個以上的并列主語,謂語動詞be要和最近的那個主語在數上保持一致。
1.- There ____ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
-All right, Mum. (2007年福州)
A. isB. areC. was D. were
解析:因為主語milk是不可數名詞,所以be動詞用單數形式,可知答案應從A、C中選。根據句意可以判斷出應該用一般現在時,故選A。
2.- What's on the desk?
-There ___ a computer and some books on it. (2007年新疆)
A. are B. is C. have D. has
解析:離謂語動詞be最近的主語a computer是可數名詞單數形式,根據就近原則,可知答案應從B、D中選;在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以答案選B。
3. There are a lot of new ____ (factory) in our city. (用所給詞的適當形式填空)(2007年濟南)
解析:由there be結構中的謂語動詞be用了are形式可知主語應是復數形式,factory的復數是factories。
二、考查there be句型的時態
There be結構不但可以用于一般現在時is/are,而且還可以用于一般將來時be going to/will be、一般過去時was/were和現在完成時have/has been等時態。
1. In the past years there ___ great changes in my hometown.(2007年天津)
A. have been B. were C. had beenD. are
解析:根據句中“In the past years”這個時間狀語可知該句用現在完成時態,所以答案選A。
2. There ____ (be) a new bridge over the Changjiang River in several years. (用動詞的適當形式填空)(2007年江蘇泰州)
解析:根據句意“幾年之后長江上將會有一座新橋”和句中“in several years”這個時間狀語可知該句用一般將來時態,所以答案是is going to/ will be。
3. Do you know if ___ a basketball match on TV this evening?(2007年寧夏)
A. there is going to beB. is thereC. will there beD. there are
解析:根據句中“this evening”這個時間狀語可知該句用一般將來時態,所以先排除B和D;又因為賓語從句應該用陳述語序,所以答案選A。
4. There ____ (be) great changes in our country since 1979.(用動詞的適當形式填空)(2007年濟南)
解析:根據句中“since 1979”這個時間狀語可知該句用現在完成時態,所以答案是have been。
三、考查there be結構和have的區別
there be結構與have都可表示“有”的含義,但在意義上have強調“所有”,而there be則強調“存在”,它們的側重點不同。在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替。
1. There ___ a talk show on CCTV- 4 at nine this evening.(2007年河北)
A. will have B. is going to beC. is going to haveD. is having
解析:在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以排除A、C和D。根據時間狀語this evening可知該用一般將來時態,所以選B。
2.If we don't control the population, there isn't going to ____ enough space to stand in on the earth in the future.(2007年四川廣元)
A. have B. has C. be
解析:在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以答案應選C。
3. Attention, please. There will ____ a class meeting ____ the morning of May 4th. (2007年烏魯木齊)
A. have; atB. have; onC. be; atD. be; on
解析:在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以排除A和B;又根據the morning of May 4th 可知答案選D。
4. There is going to ____ a basketball match in our school next week. (填空)(2007年貴陽)
解析:在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has替代,答案為be。
四、考查there be結構的反意疑問句
當陳述部分是there be結構時, 反意疑問部分的引導詞用there。
1.- There is enough food for the birds, isn't ____?(2007年武漢)
-No, we need to get some.
A. itB. there C. thatD. this
解析:陳述部分是there be結構, 反意疑問部分的引導詞用there。
2.- There is some soup on the table, isn't____? (2006年武漢)
-No, I think that's water.
A. there B. it C. that D. one
解析:There be結構的反意疑問句中應用there。故選A。
五、考查there be結構的否定形式
there be結構的常用否定形式為“there be+ not any/no+主語+(狀語)”。注意:如果主語是單數可數名詞還可以用“there be+ not+ a/an+主語+(狀語)”結構。例如:There isn't a book on the desk.=There is no book on the desk.書桌上沒有書。
1. There are some new students in our school this term. (改為否定句)(2007年重慶)
There _____ new students in our school this term.
解析:答案為aren't any。
2. -Could you get me a piano, Mum?
-There ___ enough room in our room. But we'll try. (2006年遼寧十一市)
A. is B. are C. isn't D. aren't
解析:由But we'll try.可知該句應為否定句,先排除A和B;又因為room意為“空間”時是不可數名詞,所以答案選C。
六、考查“there is no need/use/...(for sb.)to do sth.”結構
There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.意為“ (某人)沒有必要干某事”;there is no use (for sb.)to do sth.意為“(某人)做某事沒有用”, to do sth.為動詞不定式短語。
There is no need for you to ____ there so early. (2004年貴州)
A. go B. going C. went D. has gone
解析:根據there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 結構可以判斷該題答案為A。
1. There __ (be) some fruit juice in the bottle. Pass it to me, please.(用所給詞的適當形式填空)(2006年徐州)
2. It's a beautiful sunny day! There ____ many people here on vacation.(2006年北京海淀)
A. be B. am C. is D. are
3. There____ a pair of shoes under the bed. The shoes ___ mine. (2004年蘭州)
A. is; are B. is; isC. are; is D. are; are
4.___ there a bed, a sofa, a desk and two chairs in the room? (2003年天津)
A. Was B. Were C. IsD. Are
5. There____ an English film here tomorrow. (2004年武漢)
A. has B. is going to beC. will have
6. -What did you see on the desk then?
-There____ a bottle of orange. (2003年北京宣武)
A. was B. wereC. hasD. had
7. There____ a pencil on the desk and you may use it. (2003年北京石景山)
A. is B. are C. wasD. were
8. There _____some elderly people taking a walk in the park. (2006年重慶)
A. is B. are C. hasD. have
9. There is going to ____ a sports meeting next week. If it ____, we'll have to cancel it. (2006年廣東汕頭)
A. be; will rain B. have; will rain C. be; rains
10.There is little milk in the bottle,____? (2003年廣東)
A. isn't it B. is itC. isn't there D. is there
11. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ____ ___? (完成反意疑問句)(2003年哈爾濱)
12. -Excuse me, where can I take a bus to the Supermarket?
-Sorry, there are____ buses here. (2005年武漢)
A. some B. any C. no D. not
答案與解析:
1. 因為主語juice是不可數名詞,所以be動詞用單數形式;再根據“Pass it to me,please.”已判斷出應該用一般現在時,故填is。
2. many people表達的是復數概念,be動詞應用are,故本題選D。
3. a pair of修飾可數名詞復數時,謂語動詞要用單數形式,而shoes是可數名詞復數,故答案為A。
4. 離謂語動詞be最近的主語a bed是可數名詞單數形式,根據就近原則,可知答案應從A、C中選擇。題干中沒有表示過去的時間狀語,不需用一般過去時,故答案為C。
5. 題中有一個表示將來時的tomorrow,可知該句用將來時;在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以答案選B。
6. 題中的問句因用了一般過去時,又因為答語中的a bottle of orange表示單數意義,故答案為A。
7. 根據a pencil可知答案應從A、C中選。根據 you may use it的時態,我們可以判斷出前句也應該用一般現在時,而且題干中沒有表示過去的時間狀語, 故選A。
8. 在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以排除C和D;句中some elderly people表示復數意義,因此答案為B。
9. 在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替,所以先排除B;又根據主句是一般將來時,條件狀語從句應用一般現在時代替一般將來時,所以答案為C。
10. 如果陳述部分帶seldom, hardly, little, few, no, nothing, nobody之類的否定詞或半否定詞,該部分應看成否定式,反意疑問部分該用肯定形式,故排除A和C;陳述部分是there be結構,反意疑問部分的引導詞用there,所以答案選D。
11. There be結構中帶有否定詞no,反意疑問部分應用肯定式;反意疑問句的時態應與句中陳述部分的時態對應,故答案為was there。
12. 根據該題語境,可以判斷答語應用否定句,因此可以排除A。選B的話,題干中沒有not構不成否定句,因此可排除B。選D的話,漏掉了any。故選C。
編輯/丁俊玲