主謂一致的講與練

一、主謂一致的基本原則

現代英語主謂一致大致要遵循以下三條原則：

1. 語法一致原則。主語是單數，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語是復數，謂語動詞用復數形式。例如：

Susan goes to work by bus every day. 蘇珊每天坐公共汽車上班。

The boys are playing basketball there. 那些男孩在那邊打籃球。

2. 意義一致原則。主語和謂語的一致不是由主語的語法形式來決定，而是由主語所表達的意義決定。例如：

The class are busying writing English passages. 班上同學在忙于寫英語短文。

The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology. 美國是一個科技先進的發達國家。

3. 就近原則。謂語動詞的單、復數取決于最靠近它的主語。由either...or， neither...nor， not only...but also連接或由here， there等引導的句子，謂語動詞遵循這一原則。例如：

Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice. 我的朋友們和我都不能說服他接受我們的意見。

Either he or she has broken the window， for there is no one else there. 不是他就是她打破了窗戶，因為再沒有別人。

There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老師和五十個同學。

二、相關知識點講析

1. 并列結構作主語時的情況

并列結構作主語，謂語一般用復數，例如：

Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

注意：當主語由and連接時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如：

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業對我們的生活有重要意義。

2. 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致的情況

當主語有with， together with， like， except， but， no less than， as well as 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。

He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去劃船。

3. 謂語動詞常用單數的情況

（1）代詞each以及由every， some， no， any等構成的復合代詞作主語時，或主語中含有each， every時， 謂語需用單數。例如：

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。

（2）表示時間、距離、重量、體積、金錢的復數名詞，作主語時作為整體來看待，謂語動詞通常用單數。例如：

Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me. 5000美元對于我來說是一大筆錢。

Ten years has passed but he didn’t change at all. 10年過去了，但他一點都沒變。

（3）“a portion of ， a series of， a kind of， a body of， a species of， a pair of+名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞一般用單數形式。

A series of accidents has occurred recently in America. 最近在美國發生了一系列的事故。

A pair of new glasses is quite expensive. 一副新眼鏡是相當昂貴的。

（4）事件、機構、國名、作品等專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。

The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace. 聯合國是維護世界和平的機構。

4． 謂語動詞常用復數的情況

（1）“the +形容詞”作主語，在表示一類人或事物時，謂語動詞用復數。

The poor are often looked down upon by the rich. 窮人經常被富人看不起。

The young have respect for the old in China. 在中國，年輕人尊重老年人。

（2）a number of， a lot of， any of， most of， the rest of， some of， none of， all of修飾復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數。

Most of the teachers are responsible and knowledgeable. 大多數老師是負責任的并且知識豐富的。

A number of books have been published on the subject. 很多有關這個科目的書籍出版了。

None of the books attract me a lot. 所有這些書都吸引不了我。

注意：the number of表示“……的數量”，謂語動詞用單數。

The number of foreign visitors to China has been increasing over the last several years. 近幾年來，到中國來旅游的外國人的數量一直在增長。

5． 指代意義決定謂語的單復數

（1）代詞what， which， who， none， some， any， more， most， all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定。例如：

All is right.一切順利。

All are present.人都到齊了。

（2）集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如family， audience， crew， crowd， class， company， committee等詞后，謂語動詞用復數形式時強調這個集體中的各個成員，用單數時強調該集體的整體。例如：

His family isn’t very large. 他家成員不多。

His family are music lovers.他家個個都是音樂愛好者。

但集合名詞people， police， cattle， poultry等在任何情況下都用復數形式。例如：

Are there any police around？附近有警察嗎？

練習：

1． Neither the driver nor the passengers on the bus ___during their drive across the small bridge.

A. was frightenedB. is frightened

C. are frightenedD. were frightened

2． There ___my wife and children to consider.

A. isB. areC. haveD. has

3． The old ___taken good care of in our country.

A. isB. hasC. areD. have

4. A new type of car ___now on show.

A. isB. areC. hasD. have

5. A red rose， together with a letter，____left on the table.

A. areB. isC. wereD. are being

6. Two hours ___the limit of this test.

A. areB. has beenC. be goneD. is

7. That family ___ very pleased about the news of William’s success.

A. isB. areC. hasD. have

8. The singer and dancer ___here.

A. has leftB. wereC. have leftD. leaves

9. He is one of the boys who always ___well at school.

A. doesB. doC. didD. done

10. Not only the flowers but also the vase___.

A. are goneB. was goneC. be goneD. has gone

11．The number of accidents in this city___.

A.has increasedB.were increased

C.have been increasedD.haveincreased

12.Every boy and girl in the village ____been invited to the dancing party.

A.haveB.areC.hasD.were

13．According to him，a series of discussions___held about the project.

A.wasB.wereC.isD.are

14．All but one___here just now.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

15.His Selected Poems___first published in 1965.

A.wereB.wasC.has beenD.is

Keys：

1—5 DACAB 6—10 DBABA 11—15 ACADB

編輯/梁宇清