論《易傳》的象數、義理合一模式與天人合一的理論架構

摘要：《易傳》是現存系統解釋《周易》古經的最早典籍，對后世歷代學人詮解《周易》產生了深遠的影響。由于《周易》古經由卦爻符號和卦爻辭組成，卦爻符號與卦爻辭之間的關系便成為后世《周易》研究的關鍵問題。在《易傳》作者看來，《周易》的卦爻辭是由圣人“觀象”而來，圣人通過“觀象系辭”來揭示易道。換句話說，《周易》所闡發的義理乃以象數為基礎。象數蘊含著義理，義理脫胎于象數，二者如水乳之交融而不可分。而《易傳》象數與義理合一的模式是以“三才之道”為其理論架構的。開天道以立人道，法天文以立人文，成為《易傳》立論的理論支撐。

關鍵詞：《易傳》；象數；義理；天人合一

中圖分類號：B221 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-3882(2008)02-0042-10

Unity of Image-numerology and Moral Principle，Integrity of Heaven and Humanity：Unique Quality of the Yi zhuan

ZHANG Wen-zhi

(Center for Zhouyi & Ancient Chinese Philosophy，Shandong University，Jinan 250100，China)

Abstract：Yi zhuan，which had exerted far-reaching influence upon hermeneutics of the Zhouyi in the past dynasties，is the earliest literature extant which systematically interpreted the Ancient Text of the Zhouyi. Now that the Ancient Text of the Zhouyi is composed of the symbolic system and the statements affiliated to the hexagrams and lines，the relationship between the two components turned out to be a critical issue in the studies of the Zhouyi. For the authors of the Yi zhuan，the hexagram and line statements resulted from the sages' contemplation on the images conceived in the semiotic system whereas the moral principles exposed by the Zhouyi are based on the image-numerology. In other words，image-numerology conceives moral principles and they can not be separated into two. Furthermore，the unity of image-numerology and moral principles is unfolded against the integration of heaven and humanity. Deducing the Dao (Way) of human from the Dao of heaven is the theoretic bedrock against which the Yi zhuan expounded the unity of numerology and moral principles.

Key words：Yi zhuan；image-numerology；moral principle；unity of heaven and humanity

眾所周知，今天我們所看到的《周易》由三部分組成：六十四卦卦爻符號系統，卦爻辭(即古經)及《易傳》(包括：《彖傳》[上、下]，《象傳》[上、下]，《系辭傳》[上、下]，《文言傳》，《說卦傳》，《序卦傳》及《雜卦傳》七種十篇，又稱“十翼”)，而每個六畫別卦又由兩個三畫經卦組成。按照朱熹的說法，伏羲作八卦和六十四卦，文王作卦辭，周公作爻辭，孔子作《易傳》，即《漢書·藝文志》所謂“人更三圣，世歷三古”。自從北宋的歐陽修在其《易童子問》中對孔子作《易傳》提出質疑以后，人們便對《易傳》為圣人所作產生了懷疑。即便如此，大多數人仍認為《易傳》貫穿著儒家思想。20世紀20年代興起的“古史辯派”，不僅對《易傳》的制作年代提出進一步的大膽的質疑，而且對傳統所說的《周易》古經的作者、制作機制與制作年代等也提出了質疑。……