從２００７高考題看ｗｈａｔ在諺語中的運用

梁　雨

2007年英語全國高考試題全國卷Ⅱ中有如下一道試題：

17.____matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which

【解析】 答案A。此題考查what 引導的主語從句，且what 作從句的主語。what的用法是近幾年高考的熱點和難點。

當what用作連接代詞，引導名詞性從句時，可引導主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句（不可引導同位語從句）；它本身在句中充當主語、賓語或表語也就是說what 引導的句子等于一個名詞，可以自由地做主語，表語，介詞或動詞的賓語，what表示“所有……的（事）”的意思，相當于“the thing(s) that ...”、“all that ...”、“that which ...”、“everything that ...”。

一、 引導主語從句

1. Whats bred in the bone will come out in the flesh.本性總要表露。

2. Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。( 生米煮成熟飯了。)

3. What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.兒時所學，終生難忘。

以上三句諺語中劃線部分都是what 引導的主語從句，且what 作從句的主語。

4. What we do willingly is easy.愿者不難。（what 引導的主語從句，且what 作從句的賓語）

【典型考例』

1.____parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007陜西)

A. That B. Which C. What D. As

【解析】 答案C。此題考查what 引導的主語從句，且what 作從句的主語。

2.____makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services. (2006 遼寧)

A. What B. Who

C. Whatever D. Whoever

【解析】 答案A。此題考查what引導的主語從句，且what作從句的主語。句意：使該商店與眾不同的是它提供更多私人服務。

二、 引導表語從句

what 表示“所……的（人）”的意思，相當于“the person that ...”等。例如：

1） Children are what the mothers are. 耳濡目染，身教言傳 (what引導表語從句，并在從句中作表語。)

2) Jack is no longer what he was five years ago. 杰克不再是從前那樣了。(what 引導表語從句，并在從句中作表語。)

【典型考例』

1） See the flags on top of the building! That was____we did this morning. （2006全國卷Ⅰ）

A. when B. which C. where D. what

【解析】 答案D。此題考查what引導的表語從句，what在從句中作賓語。

2） Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer____it was 20 years ago,____it was so poorly equipped. （2005安徽）

A. what; when B. that; which

C. what; which D. which; that

【解析】 答案A。第一個空考查what引導的表語從句，且what在從句中作表語，第二個空考查when引導的非限定性定語從句，when在從句中作時間狀語。

三、 引導賓語從句

1) You never know what you are till you try. 是驢是馬，拉出來遛遛便知。

2) A wise man cares not for what he cannot have.智者不作非份之想。

3) Never try to prove what nobody doubts.無人懷疑之事，不必證實。

以上三句諺語中劃線部分都是what 引導的賓語從句，且what 作從句的賓語。

4） A wise man will make tools of what comes to hand.聰明的人能隨機應變。

5） Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事，今日畢。

以上兩句諺語中劃線部分都是what 引導的賓語從句，且what 作從句的主語。

【典型考例】

1） The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer, warm sunshine and soft sands make____it is. （2007重慶）

A. what B. which C. how D. where

【解析】 答案A。此題考查what引導的賓語從句，作動詞make的賓語，且what在賓語從句中作表語。

2） —What did your parents think about your decision?

—They always let me do____I think I should. (2006全國卷Ⅱ)

A. when B. that C. how D. what

【解析】 答案D。此題考查what引導的賓語從句，作動詞的賓語，且what在賓語從句中作賓語。

3) The shopkeepers did not want to sell for____he thought was not enough.

A. whereB. how C. what D. which

【解析】 答案C。此題考查了what引導的賓語從句的用法，what在從句中做主語。所以正確答案為C。

【鞏固練習】

1. Although Anne is happy with her success,she wonders____will happen to her private life.

A. thatB. what C. itD. this

2． Nowadays customers become more and more practical and buy only____they need. （2006山東卷）

A. where B. which C. when D. what

3. I just wonder____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does

C. how it is D. what it is

4． America was____was first called “India” by Columbus.

A. that B. where

C. what D. the place

5． Two major languages spoken in____is now called the Great Britain before 1066 were Celtic and Old English.

A. what B. that C. whichD. where

6. Listening to the lectures given by the famous professor is an exciting moment,_____I am looking forward to.

A. whatB. that C. it D one

7. The police got to____was once an old yard that the workers used as a store.

A． what B. where C. that D. which

8． The word media basically refers to____ we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.

A. which B. what C. why D. how

9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at____I thought was a dangerous speed.（2004上海春季）

A. as B. which C. what D. that

10.____made the school proud was____ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春季）

A. That；what B. When;what

C. What; that D. How; that

Keys: 1. B2. D3. D4. C5. A6. D7. A8. B9. C 10. C