詞匯考查的題型特點及解題方法

劉　鵬

一、題型特點

詞匯考查是中考題型之一，綜觀近幾年英語中考試題，詞匯考查在命題上體現了“詞不離句”的原則；題型也由原來的單一化轉向多元化。主要有以下考查形式：

1.從題目所給選項中選出可替換句中劃線部分的最佳選項。如：

Life is changing all the time. We dont know what will happen at times. (A)

A. sometimes B. sometime C. some times D. some time

2.根據英文解釋，完成單詞拼寫，使句意完整正確。（單詞首字母已給出。）如：

W____ (make clean with water) your hands before meals and take good care of yourself. (Wash)

3.根據句意完成已給出首字母提示的單詞，使句子完整通順。如：

Fighting a____ terror, the people around the world are all looking forward to peace. (against)

4.根據句意完成已給出漢語提示的單詞，使句子完整通順。如：

____ (安全) is the most important thing at the moment. (Safety)

5.根據句意，用所給單詞的適當形式填空。如：

People all over the world are trying hard to do something ____ (usual) to make a recorder, which will be kept in the Guinness Books of Records （《吉尼斯世界記錄大全》）.(unusual)

6.根據句子意思，在句子的空白處填入一個適當的詞，使句子意思完整，語法正確。如：

Our government has cared for agriculture(農業), ____ and farmers for a long time.(countryside)

二、解題方法

1.了解構詞法，把好詞匯關

在平時的學習中，同學們要根據英語構詞法（合成、派生、轉化）知識掌握單詞的各種形式。只記單詞的詞義和拼寫是不夠的，還要知道其詞性、固定搭配和句式結構。如safe一詞，在學習過程中應做到：

第一步：掌握詞性間的轉換：safety n.→safe adj.→safely adv.

第二步：做到“詞不離句”。如：

a. A car was coming quickly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to safety.

b. Its not safe to play with fire.

c. The plane landed safely.

2.選準單詞的正確形式

名詞要考慮單復數、是否可數、所有格形式等。如：

a. My grandparents like ____(蔬菜) very much, so they grow some in their ____ （蔬菜） garden every year. （vegetables, vegetable）

b. At the age of 21, Liu Xiang became the first Chinese man to win a gold medal in the ____（男子）110-meter hurdles（跨欄）. He almost made a new world record （世界紀錄）！(mens)

動詞要考慮以下形式：原形、第三人稱單數、現在分詞、過去式、過去分詞、動名詞、不定式。如：

a. Youd better ____ (go) to work on time. (go)

b. Please tell me what c____ sandstorms. (causes)

c. If everyone makes a contribution to p____ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. (protecting)

d. The sun is s____brightly. Its a sunny day. (shining)

e. His job is ____ (feed) animals. (to feed)

數詞要確定用基數詞還是序數詞。如：

a. The ____ (五) Germans live on the ____ (五) floor. (five, fifth)

b. ____(四分之三) of the workers in the factory are women. (Three-fourths /Three quarters)

代詞要注意各類代詞的不同用法。如：

a. We can do the work all by ____(we). (ourselves)

b. This is your bag. ____(I) is blue. (Mine)

c. These are ____(they) shoes. Please put ____(they) away. (their, them)

d. You can make e____ Tom or Mike go there, but one of them must stay at home. (either)

形容詞與副詞要考慮其基本用法與比較級、最高級。如：

a. We must listen to the teacher ____ (care). (carefully)

b. Dictionaries are ____ (help) for us in our study. (helpful)

c. She looks ____ （happy） and smiles ____ (happy). (happy, happily)

d. Mary dances ____ (well) than Lucy and she dances ____ (well) in her class. (better, best)

另外，還要注意各類同義詞（短語）和反義詞（短語）的用法等。如：

Don?蒺t ____ the door; please pull it. (push)

3.檢查拼寫，確保正確無誤

答題時書寫要工整。最后要檢查單詞的拼寫，確保準確無誤。

以上是答題時需要注意的一些問題。除此之外，在中考復習階段，還要有針對性地進行“詞匯考查”的專項練習。把平時的學習和備考結合起來，相信大家會取得好成績。