歐陽錫龍
it 在初中課本中頻繁出現,在中考試題里也常常能看到其蹤影。雖然說表面上這只是一個簡單的小詞,可用起來就不是那么簡單了。筆者以近幾年全國部分省市的中考試題為例,對it的一些基本用法作一歸納, 供大家學習備用。
一、指代人或物
1.—Who is knocking at the door?誰在敲門?
—Its me, David. 是我, 大衛。
2.What a handsome baby. Whose is it? 多帥的孩子,是誰家的?
3.—Have you seen my cup?你看見過我的茶杯嗎?
—Yes. It was on the cupboard.我看見了。它剛才在壁櫥上。
【試題精選】
1. —Who is singing in the classroom?
—_________ must be Susan.(天津市)
A. She B. It C. This D. He
2.Jack caught a big fish this afternoon. Now he is cooking_________for dinner.(河南省)
A. oneB.itC.this D.that
3. I cant find the pen I was given. Have you seen_________?(江蘇省徐州市)
A. it B. one C. thisD. that
4.—A latest China daily, please!
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have_________ ,sir?(山東省濱州市)
A. it B.one C.this D.that
(keys:B B A A)
二、指時間、氣候、環境或距離、體積、重量等。
1.—What time is it? 多少點了?
—Its eight ten. 8點10分了。
2.—What day is it today? 今天星期幾?
—Its Wednesday. 今天星期三。
3.It often rains in summer in Zhejiang. 浙江夏天經常下雨。
4.It is about five miles from my home to the school. 從我家到學校大約5英里遠。
5.It is ten Yuan in price. 價錢為10元。
6.Its eight kilograms in weight.重量為8千克。
【試題精選】
1. It_________ ten years since we last_________in Beijing.(河北省)
A. was; met_________ B. has been; met
C. was; meet_________D. is; meet
2. It_________ ten years since they_________ to France.(河北省)
A. was; moved_________ B.was; have moved
C.is; havs movedD.is; moved
(keys:B D)
三、指代一件事情。如:It was hard work to get in crops,but they really enjoyed it.在這句話中,后面的it 就是指代“收莊稼”這件事。又如:—Jim can solve that puzzle.—I dont believeit.其中的“it”就是指代“吉姆能解答那個謎題”這一點。
【試題精選】
1.Teds mother kept telling Ted not to tell lies,but_________didnt help.(浙江省杭州市)
A. whichB. itC. heD. she
分析:此題中就只能選擇it這個詞來指代“Ted的媽媽叫他不要撒謊”這件事,只不過這對Ted不起作用,他還是喜歡撒謊。
(key:B)
四、it作形式主語或者形式賓語,真正的主語和賓語為不定式“to+動詞原形”,還有一種情況是動名詞短語作整個以it引導的句子的真正主語。
1.It is easy to find fault with others.挑別人毛病是容易的。
2.It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.你講她的壞話是不對的。
在這兩句話中,后面的不定式短語就是句子的真正主語,it 作形式上的主語只是保持句子結構平衡的需要。
注意: 在It +be動詞+形容詞+for of+ sb+ to do...結構中,如果形容詞是kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, brave, considerate(考慮周到的),silly, selfish(自私的)等表示人的品質的詞時,那么句中的介詞就必須用of。
3.I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我認為考試作弊是不對的。
4.She found it very difficult to answer the question. 她覺得很難回答這個問題。
這兩句話包含復合賓語,it 是形式上的賓語,真正的賓語是動詞不定式。
動名詞作主語的句子比較少,主要在以no use, useless, dangerous, a waste of..., worthwhile等詞作表語的句子中用。如:
It is no use learning without thinking. 學而不思則惘。
Itsuseless talking to him about it.跟他說這個是沒有用的。
Its dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是很危險的。
It is a waste of timetalking to him.和他講是浪費時間。
Is it worthwhile making such an experiment? 做這樣的實驗有意義嗎?
【試題精選】
1.Did you find_________ very interesting to play Yo?鄄Yo?(甘肅省蘭州市)
A. thisB. itsC. thatD.it
2.People everywhere celebrate the New Year._____is a time to say goodbye to the past and to think about new beginnings.(山東省濰坊市)
A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.Such
3.We find_________ impossible to get there before 8 oclock.(甘肅省)
A. herB.itC. thisD. that
4._________ is wrong to copy other students homework.(青海省西寧市)
A. ThisB. That C. It D. This
5.Class 2 will go for a picnic. They made_________6 oclock to meet at the foot of Mt.Tai.(山東省淄博市)
A. it B. that C. them D. /
(keys: D B B C A)