Ｕｎｉｔｓ５—６教材內容重難點剖析

安壯壯

Unit 5

1.What are they trying to persuade you to buy?

它們正在試圖說服你去買什么？

persuade vt.

(1)表示結果，即“說服了”，若表示“說服”或“勸說”的動作常用try to persuade,也可用advise來表示。如：

I tried to persuade/advised him to start early but he didnt listen.

我勸說他早點兒動身，可他就是不聽。

(2)表示“說服某人做(不做）某事”，其結構為“persuade sb. (not)to do sth.”或“persuade sb. into (out of) doing sth.”。如：

He persuaded me to do that.=He persuaded me into doing that.

他說服我去做那件事。

高考試題賞析

There is nothing more I can try ____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.

A. being persuaded B. persuading

C. to be persuaded D. to persuade

賞析：I can try ____ you to stay為定語從句，修飾先行詞nothing，省略了作try賓語的關系代詞that,選項to persuade在定語從句中作目的狀語。答案：D

[發散思維]persuasion n.說服,勸說，信服 persuasive adj.有說服力的，令人信服的

辨析：persuade與convince

persuade和convince兩者均為 “說服”，前者著重感情上的“督促，勸告”，后者著重理智方面的“辯論，證明”，兩者結構相同。persuade(convince)sb. that/of sth.意為“說服某人……”。

He persuaded me that it was not worth buying.

他說服我說那東西不值得買。

高考試題賞析

Scientists are convinced ____ the positive effect of laughter ____ physical and mental health.

A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at

賞析：be convinced of sth.“堅信……”；the effect on sth.“對于……的影響”；由此搭配形式可知C項正確。答案：C

2.She is not sure which brand she should buy, so she has asked you to listen to ads from different companies.

她不確定應該買哪個品牌，所以她請你去聽來自不同公司的廣告。

which在此作定語，修飾brand。which brand she should buy為賓語從句。

should是情態動詞，是shall的過去式，意為“將，會，應該”。

[鏈接]should的特殊用法：

(1)表示語氣較強的假設。如：

If he should fail to come, ask Comrade Chen to work in his place.

萬一他不來，就叫陳同志代替他的職位。

Should it rain tomorrow/If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 萬一明天下雨，會議將會延期。

(2)表示可能性、推測或推論，意為“可能，應該”。如：

They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.

他們這時應該到北京了。

The North Lake should be beautiful, but it is now heavily polluted.

北湖本應當非常漂亮的，但是現在被嚴重污染了。

(3)表示委婉、謙遜，意為“可，倒是”。如：

I should think so. 我倒是這樣認為的。

(4)可與why, who, how等連用，表示意外、驚異等，有“竟會”之意。如：

Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么來得這么晚？

高考試題賞析

____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you be D. Might you be

賞析：該題考查虛擬語氣。句意為“如果你被解雇，你的醫療保險和其他利益并不會立即取消”。與將來事實相反的假設，可用should,不可用would,could, might。答案：B

注意：“should+完成式”表示“本應該怎樣而未怎樣”，“should not+完成式”表示“本不應該怎樣而怎樣了”。

高考試題賞析

——My cats really fat.

——You ____ have given her so much food.

A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt

賞析：本題考查情態動詞。句意“我的貓真胖。”“你本不應該給它那么多食物。” shouldnt have done sth. 本不應該做某事(暗含已經做了)。答案：C

3.The development of radio, television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.

廣播、電視和其他媒體與廣告業同步發展。

hand in hand手拉手，聯合；連在一起地

[開放思維]face to face 面對面shoulder by shoulder肩并肩side by side并排

with the development of advertising 隨著廣告的發展

With the time going on, it is becoming warmer and warmer.

隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖和。

go with與……同行

Ill go with you. 我將和你一起去。

[鏈接]go with 與……相配

Her hat goes well with her dress. 她的帽子和裙子很相配。

4.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.

消費者每天看到大量的廣告，因此廣告商必須使出渾身解數使消費者明白他們的意圖。

get across使……被理解；通過

He found it difficult to get his Chinese humour across to an English audience. 他發現自己的中國式幽默很難為英國聽眾所理解。

The policeman is getting the children across the street.

警察正帶領孩子們過馬路。

Please get your idea across to the students.

請讓學生們理解你的想法。

[開放思維]

get about 走動；旅行 get abroad 傳開來

get along/on with 與……相處；進展 get at到達；夠得著；了解，掌握

get away 離開(某地)，逃脫 get back 回來，恢復，取回

get behind 落后 get by 通過

get down 下來；寫下；使情緒低落 get down to著手做，開始認真做

get in touch with 與某人聯系；接觸 get into進入；養成……習慣

get off 下車(船、飛機、馬)，取下 get on上(車、船、飛機、馬、自行車)

get rid of除掉，擺脫 get to到達

get together 聚首，碰頭 get up起床；站起；裝扮；鉆研

get over 爬過墻；克服(困難、偏見)；做完(不愉快的事)；恢復；讓……理解

get through接通電話；通過(議案、考試)；完成；度過

高考試題賞析

——How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?

——Well, I ____ somehow.

A. get along B. come on C. watch out D. set off

賞析：該題考查動詞短語辨析。get along/on表示“過活，設法度過”。如：We can get along without your help.意為“沒有你的幫助，我們仍然可以繼續過活”。除此，get along還有“進展，相處”等意。come on“取得進步，進展”；watch out“當心，小心”；set off“出發，動身，使爆炸”。答案：A

If we can ____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.

A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off

賞析：A項“偶遇”；B項“克服(困難等)”；C項“來訪”；D項“下車”。句意為“如果我們能克服目前的困難，那么一切都會好起來的”。答案：B

5.For that reason, companies spend large amounts of money employing advertisers. 為此，公司花大筆的錢雇用廣告商。

spend是及物動詞，主語必須是表示“人”的名詞或代詞，常用于sb. spend(s) money on sth./ in doing sth.或sb. spend(s) time on sth./(in) doing sth.。

I spent 180 yuan on the bike. 買這輛自行車我花了180元。

He spends a lot of money (on) buying books. 他花了很多錢買書。

高考試題賞析

——Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?

——As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ____.

A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write

賞析：spend time doing sth.花時間做某事。as引導定語從句，修飾time, does代替前面的spends，因此B項正確。答案：B

辨析：cost, pay, charge與offer

這幾個詞都表示“花費(金錢)”，但用法不一樣。

(1)cost是以“物，事”為主語，常用于sth. cost (sb.) some money結構。

The coat cost her 20 yuan. 這件外套花了她20元。

注意：cost無被動語態。

(2)pay用于付款給別人，付一個賬單或者付幾筆款項等，它是及物動詞，賓語可以是表示“人”或“錢”的名詞或代詞。

Yesterday he paid off the money he owed. 他昨天還清了欠款。

(3)charge指收取別人多少錢，主語為人或旅館等。

The hotel charged me ￡10 for a room for the night.

那家旅館一間房一晚向我收費10英鎊。

(4)offer出價，開價；提供；出售；“人”作主語。

We offered him the house for ￡1000.

我們要價1000英鎊賣給他那幢房子。

[比較]We offered him ￡1000 for the house.

我們出價1000英鎊買他那幢房子。

高考試題賞析

——If you like I can do some shopping for you.

——Thats a very kind ____.

A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion

賞析：該題考查名詞辨析。offer“提議，提供，提出”；service“服務”；point“點”；suggestion“建議”，由前一句可知應選A項。答案：A

6.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions. 接近消費者的最好機會是迎合消費者的情感。

appeal to投合(興趣或心愿)；吸引，引起興趣

The idea appealed to his father. 這主意很合他爸爸的心愿。

How did the course appeal to you? 你覺得這門課程有趣嗎？

She is very pretty, but that kind of face doesnt appeal to me.

她很漂亮，但那種美并不吸引我。

to reach customers為不定式作定語；to appeal to their emotions為不定式作表語。不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等，并且有進行式。

He is a very nice person to work with.

他是一個很好共事的人。(不定式作定語)

The ads sometimes seem to be selling them what money can not buy.

有時候廣告看起來是在向他們賣金錢買不到的東西。(不定式進行式作表語)

It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 學會一門外語不容易。(不定式作真正主語，it作形式主語)

He refused to lend me his bike. 他拒絕借給我自行車。(不定式作賓語)

Its very cold. He cant get his car to run.

天很冷，他的車發動不起來。(不定式作賓補)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.

他們搬起石頭砸自己的腳。(不定式作狀語)

高考試題賞析

He hurried to the booking office only ____ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

賞析：該題考查“only+不定式”的用法。此短語用于指“隨即發生的事，尤指使人驚訝、失望的事情”。句意為“他匆匆忙忙趕到售票處，卻被告知票已全部售完”。tell的邏輯主語是he，它們之間構成動賓關系。答案：B

When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight.

A. training B. being trained C. to have trainedD. to be trained

賞析：本題考查非謂語動詞。作目的狀語時用不定式，而不用分詞，首先排除A、B兩項；另外he承受train這一動作，應用被動語態，故D項正確，排除C項。答案：D

7.Many governments use ad campaigns to make people aware of social problems and government policies.

許多政府部門也采用廣告作宣傳，以使人民關注社會問題和政府的政策。

make people aware of中的aware of相當于形容詞，作make的賓補，make后可加形容詞、名詞、不定式(省略to)、現在分詞、過去分詞等作它的賓補。

Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, often makes it cheaper.

因此，廣告沒有使產品更貴，反而常常使它更便宜。

We must make it known to the public that the pollution is very terrible. 我們必須讓公眾知道，污染太嚴重了。

By 1820 the population of New York has grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA.

到1820年紐約的人口大約已增加到12.5萬， 這使它成為美國人口最多的城市。

She was made to repeat the whole story.

她被迫把整個故事又講了一遍。

高考試題賞析

My parents have always made me ____ about myself, even when I was twelve.

A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good

賞析：make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事，故用動詞原形feel作賓補；feel作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語；well作形容詞講時，意為“身體健康”，不合題意。答案：D

8.It is not always easy to spot a bad ad, but there are a few things we can look out for.

要識別壞廣告并不總是一件容易的事，但也還有些情況是我們可以提防的。

look out for當心，小心；其中for不能省略，we can look out for前省略了引導詞that, that在定語從句中作for的賓語。

[開放思維]

look out 當心look out for(后加賓語) 當心什么東西look out of向外看

Look out!There is a car coming!當心！有汽車過來了！

Look out for bones. 小心骨頭(扎嘴)。

Dont look out of the window during class.

上課期間，請不要向窗外看。

[鏈接]

同義短語：look out, take care, be careful, watch out, look out for=watch out for

高考試題賞析

I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come.

A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

賞析：該題考查“介詞+關系代詞”構成的定語從句。本題中的介詞應根據定語從句中的動詞come來確定。定語從句應為she had come from thedirection, 因此此處填from which。答案：D

9.First of all, we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”. 首先，我們要警惕“隱藏的信息”。

keep an eye out意思為“當心，警惕”。如：

Keep an eye out!Were close to his farm.

小心點，我們到他的農場了。

We should keep an eye out for thieves. 我們要防范扒手。

10.If the ads provide accurate information, they also help the average consumer to find the right product at the best price. 如果廣告所提供的信息是準確的，那么它們也可幫助一般的消費者以最優惠的價格買到最合適的產品。

at the best price 以最優惠的價格

price n.價錢，價格；代價，價值；v.給……定價，給……標價

They sell their products at a high/low price.

他們以高價/低價出售他們的產品。

Well sell the books at the cost price. 我們將以成本價賣掉這些書。

It must be done at any price. 不惜任何代價必須把它做好。

This pair of shoes is priced 500 yuan. 這雙鞋定價500元。

What is the price of this camera?=How much is this camera?

這個照相機多少錢？

[開放思維]

at a low/high/best price以低/高/最好價

at the price of (付出)……的代價；犧牲

pay a high price for 為……付出很高代價

fetch a good price可售得好價錢

above/beyond/without price 無價之寶

make a price 開價，定價

at any price 無論花多少錢，無論如何

[發散思維]priceless adj. 無價的，貴重的(反義詞:worthless一文不值的)

高考試題賞析

If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ____.

A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices

賞析：knock 20 pence off the price指“從原價中減去20 pence”。答案：C

Unit 6

11.To go on till you succeed is what life is all about.

堅持下去直到你成功，生活就是如此。

to go on till you succeed此不定式短語在句中作主語。如：

To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。

To decide what to do at this time is very difficult.

此刻決定做什么是很難的。

It was very easy to decide which car to buy because there was only one left. 決定買哪輛車很容易，因為就剩下一輛了。

[鏈接]不定式的其他用法：

(1)用作表語。 如：

My wish is to be a teacher. 我的理想是當一名教師。

(2)用作賓語。如：

I regret to tell you we cant lend you any money.

我懷著歉意告訴你，我們不能把錢借給你。

He tried to write better. 他盡量寫好些。

高考試題分析

The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ____.

A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard

賞析：本題考查非謂語動詞。struggle to do sth.努力做某事。又因I與hear之間存在被動關系，故應用不定式的被動語態。答案：A

(3)用作定語。如：

He was the last person to leave the room.

他是最后一個離開房間的人。

in days to come在未來的日子里

(4)用作狀語。如：

They came to see us. 他們來看我們。

To sleep late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.

為了下午能多睡一會兒，鮑勃關上了鬧鈴。

what引導表語從句，并在從句中作about的賓語。如：

What we cant get seems much better than what we have.

我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好得多。

12.Apply the following statements to yourself.

將下列陳述應用于你自己身上驗證一下。

apply…to…把……應用于……。如：

Apply some medicine to his wound. 在他的傷口上涂一些藥。

This rule cannot be applied to every case.

這項規定并非適用于每一案件。

[開放思維]apply oneself to致力于 apply ones mind to專心于 apply for申請

13.I dont lose heart when I fail to do something.

當做某件事失敗了，我并不會灰心。

lose heart喪失勇氣/信心，相當于lose courage。

I used to dig the garden every week, but I lost heart when the rain washed all the plants away.

我以前總愛每周在花園翻土，但雨水把植物全部沖走后，我就喪失信心了。

[開放思維]lose ones heart (to)傾心于be in love with sb.愛上某人

fail to do sth.fail in doing sth.意為“沒能做成某事”。如：

The car failed to climb the hill. 這部小汽車無法爬上這個山坡。

He failed in arriving in time. 他沒能及時到達。

[發散思維]failure n.[U]失敗，不成功；[C]失敗的人(事)

14.You will do better if you take it easy.

如果你不緊張的話，你會做得更好。

take it (things) easy意為“別緊張，慢慢來”。如:

Take it easy, and theres nothing serious.

別緊張，沒有什么嚴重的事。

[開放思維]take ones time按部就班；慢慢來

Take your time, and there is still 15 minutes to go.

別著急，還有15分鐘呢。

15.Keep up the good work! 好好干下去！

keep up意為“繼續(某事)”。如：

Keep it up; dont stop now!干下去，現在別停下來！

[鏈接]keep up的其他用法：

(1)使(某事物)居高不下。如：

She keeps up her spirits by singing. 她以唱歌來保持精神高漲。

(2)使(某事物)保持良好狀況。如：

How do you keep up this large house? 你如何料理這所大房子？

(3)繼續保持下去。如：

Will the fine weather keep up? 好天氣會不會繼續下去？

(4)(使)不睡覺。如：

——I hope Im not keeping you up. 我希望沒有打擾你們上床睡覺。

——No, we often keep up late. 沒有，我們常常很晚才睡。

[開放思維]keep away避開，使不得靠近 keep…from 阻止……

keep back抑制；扣除，扣留 keepoff使……離開；使……不接 近

keep out of置身于……之外 keep to遵守；不離開

keep up with不落在……后面 keep (on) doing 一直做，繼續做

keep in touch with 與……保持聯系 keep time守時，按時做……

keep silent保持沉默，保持安靜

16.This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there.

這篇關于洛基山脈以外的那片神奇土地的描述使他萌生了移居到那里的想法。

account在句中充當主語，意為“報道，描述”。如：

Give us an account of what happened. 把事情發生的經過告訴我們。

[鏈接]account還可作“賬戶”講。如：

My account is empty. 我的帳戶空了。(我賬戶上的錢都用光了。)

[開放思維]by all accounts 人人都說on account of 由于，因為

take account of=take into account考慮，注意

take no account of 不考慮，不重視

on all accounts/on every account無論如何

on no account 絕不可以

He is a good teacher by all accounts. 人人都說他是一位好老師。

Why did you do it? Was it on account of what I said yesterday?

你為什么做那件事？是因為我昨天說的那些話嗎？

Your suggestions will be taken into account.

你們的建議會得到考慮的。

On no account must you tell him. 你絕不可以告訴他。

注意：account也可作動詞，常與for連用，作“解釋”講。

How can we accout for all these changes?

我們得如何解釋這所有的變化呢？

17.By the middle of October we set off for our journey across the continent; a journey of about a year, across more than 2500 miles. 在10月中旬我們啟程穿越大陸：那是一次長達1年，行程超過2500英里的旅程。

set off意為“啟程，出發”。如：

We set off in search of the lost child. 我們出發去尋找丟失的孩子。

Set off on a trip across Europe. 啟程橫越歐洲的旅行。

[鏈接]set off還可作“引起，(使)爆炸”講。如：

His speech set off a laughter. 他的講話引起了一陣笑聲。

The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.

最輕微的觸摸都可能引爆這顆炸彈。

辨析：set off, set out與set about

(1)set off有“啟程，出發”的意思，還可作“引起，使爆炸”解。

(2)set out的意思是“開始，著手”，后常接動詞不定式。如：

He set out to paint the whole house. 他開始著手粉刷整座房子。

(3)set about的意思也是“開始、著手”，但后常接動名詞作賓語。如：

She set about doing some cleaning after breakfast.

她用過早餐后立即著手打掃衛生。

a journey of about a year, across more than 2500 miles在句中充當上文中our journey的同位語，類似的例句還有：

Bill Gates, a household name, is well known for software. 比爾?蓋茨，一個家喻戶曉的名字，因為軟件而成名。（句中劃線部分為同位語)

Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.

這就是阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦，一個普通的人，卻是20世紀最偉大的科學家。(句中劃線部分為同位語)

高考試題賞析

To save class time, our teacher has ____ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.

A. us B. we C. our D. ours

賞析：has后跟復合賓語，其賓語為students,賓補為do…，句中students作us 的同位語。答案：A

18.We traveled by day. At night, when we camped, our wagons were driven to form a circle all around the camp fire.

我們白天趕路。在晚上，當我們扎營后，貨車被拉過來在營火周圍圍成一個圈。

when引導定語從句，修飾at night。

drive在此意為“驅使，迫使”。如：

Pride drove her to succeed. 自尊促使她成功。

to drive someone to drink 迫使某人喝酒

高考試題賞析

____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven

賞析：本題考查非謂語動詞。句意：受對于蔬菜的更大需求的驅使，農民們建了更多的暖棚。空格處為句子的狀語，其邏輯主語為farmers,與drive存在被動關系，故用被動形式。答案：A

19.On November 4, 1846, we entered the desert and soon lost our way. 在1846年11月4日，我們進入了沙漠，不久我們就迷路了。

enter vt. 作“進入”講時，不與into搭配。如：

Everybody stands up when the judge enters the court.

法官進入法庭時所有人都起立。

[開放思維]enter for參加enter into投身于；成為……的一部分

Many top runners have entered for the race.

許多頂尖的賽跑選手都報名參加了比賽。

He entered into the game with great excitement.

他興致勃勃地投入比賽。

20.Lying around them were chains, guns, tools, bedding, clothing, and many other articles.

他們周圍到處是鐵鏈、槍支、工具、鋪蓋、衣服和一些其他的東西。

這是一個倒裝句。當主語較長時，為避免讓人產生頭重腳輕的感覺，常將表語或賓語前置，構成倒裝。

Under no circumstances will books desert you. 書籍決不會背叛你。

On the top of the hill is/stands a big tree. 山頂上矗立著一棵大樹。

In front of the house sat a little boy. 房子前面坐著一個小男孩。

Never was a good job done without great effort.

沒有巨大的努力好工作是完不成的。

另外，為了表示強調，把一些否定或半否定的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，句子也要倒裝。這樣的詞有no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, in no case, on no condition, on no account, on no consideration, not until, rarely, not only…, no sooner, neither, nor, in no way。

高考試題賞析

If Joes wife wont go to the party, ____.

A. he will either B. neither will he

C. he neither will D. either he will

賞析：neither引導倒裝句，表示前者不做某事，后者也不做。答案：B