用法有別意不同

英語(yǔ)中有的詞隨著意義的變化，其形式和用法也會(huì)隨之而變。尤其值得注意的有：suggest， insist和與之有關(guān)的同根名詞:lie， hang。某些動(dòng)詞的意義不同其后是接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞就會(huì)有所區(qū)別，其后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞之別又引起意義上的差異。

I. suggest和insist

A. suggest， suggestion做 “建議”解，insist， insistence做“堅(jiān)決主張、堅(jiān)決要求”解時(shí)，that引起的賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句和同位詞從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞皆用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should也可以省略。如：

（1）The manager suggested that we (should) make an immediate decision.=The manager suggested our (us) making an immediate decision.=The manager’s suggestion is that we (should) make an immediate decision. = That we (should) make an immediate decision is the manager’s suggestion. =That we (should) make an immediate decision is suggested by the manager.經(jīng)理建議我們馬上做出決定。

（2）The doctor insisted that he (should) stay in bed for another five days.=The doctor insisted on his staying in bed for five more days.= The doctor’s insistence is that he (should) stay in bed for five more days.=That he (should) stay in bed for another five days is the doctor’s insistence.= That he (should) stay in bed for five more days is insisted by the doctor .大夫堅(jiān)決主張他在床上再待5天。

B. suggest，suggestion做“表明、說(shuō)明”解，insist，insistance做“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，that所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：

(1)The officer’s silence at the meeting suggested that he didn’t agree to the plan.＝That he didn’t agree to the plan was suggested by the officer’s silence at the meeting.會(huì)上那位當(dāng)官的沉默不語(yǔ)表明他不同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

(2)The boy insisted that he had done nothing wrong.＝The boy’s instistance was that he had done nothing wrong.=That he had done nothing wrong was insisted by the boy.那男孩堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)干什么壞事。

II. lie和hang

A. 1.lie(p. t. lay; p. p. lain)

1.躺；臥 （1）（指物）平放在某物之上；在某處。 （2）保持在某種狀態(tài)或位置。 （3）展現(xiàn)；展開(kāi)。 （4）（船只）停泊。 （5）（指抽象物）存在；在某種情況。如：

（1）The old man has lain sick in bed for years.

那老者病臥于床好些年了。

（2）How long has your bicycle lain like this in rain.

你的自行車(chē)這樣擱在雨中多久了？

（3）The prisoners have lain in prison for nearly twenty or thirty years.

那些個(gè)囚犯監(jiān)禁將近二三十年了。

（4）The valley lay before us after an hour’s quick walk.

一個(gè)小時(shí)的急行之后，山谷就展現(xiàn)在我們面前了。

（5）Never worry. He’ll do everything that lies in his power.

千萬(wàn)別著急。他會(huì)盡力的。

2. lie(p. t. lied; p. p. lied)撒謊；說(shuō)謊。如：

（1）He lied to his father.

他向他父親撒謊了。

（2）She is again lying to you. Don’t believe her.

她又在撒謊。別相信她說(shuō)的。

B．hang

1.（p. t .hung; p. p. hung）掛；懸；垂；吊。如：

（1）She hung the washing in the garden.

她把洗了的衣服掛到院子里。

（2）Hang your coat on that hook over there.

把你的大衣掛到那里那鉤上。

2.（p. t. hanged; p. p. hanged）吊死；絞死；施以絞刑。如：

（1）The spy was hanged from the big tree.

那間諜是在那棵大樹(shù)上被吊死的。

（2）They hanged a very large dog and divided it into four for each of them to eat.

他們吊死了一只大狗，然后分成4份兒，每人一份兒拿來(lái)吃。

III．be afraid to do sth.和be afraid of doing sth.

A. be afraid to do sth.意為“不敢做……”，相當(dāng)于dare not do sth.或not dare to do sth.如：

（1）I am afraid to climb up the tall tree as I am afraid of height. =I dare not (don’t dare to)climb up the tall tree as I am afraid of height.我不敢爬上那棵大樹(shù)，因?yàn)槲矣锌指甙Y。

（2）The boy is never afraid to do anything.=The boy dares to (dare) do everything.那個(gè)男孩無(wú)事不敢為。

B. be afraid of sb./(doing ) sth.意思是“害怕某人或（做）某事。”如：

（1）I can say that nobody in the world is not afraid of tigers.

我敢說(shuō)世上沒(méi)有人不怕老虎。

（2）He dare not play games in an internet club as he is afraid of being seen by his parents or teachers.

他不敢在網(wǎng)吧打游戲，因?yàn)樗卤桓改负屠蠋熆匆?jiàn)。

C. be afraid+賓語(yǔ)從句，意思是“恐怕……”。如：

（1）I’m afraid they won’t be able to arrive so soon.

恐怕他們不會(huì)那么早就到吧。

（2）I’m afraid the weather will turn out to be fine in two or three days.

再過(guò)兩三天天氣就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)晴吧。

IV．某些動(dòng)詞的意義不同，其后賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式也就不一樣

A. remember/forget to do sth.記住/忘記未做之事；remember/ forget doing sth.記住/忘記已做之事。如：

（1）I’ll remember/ won’t forget to turn off the computer when I leave. I don’t think you need to worry.

離開(kāi)時(shí)我會(huì)記著（不會(huì)忘記）關(guān)電腦的。你不必?fù)?dān)心。

（2）Do you remember/Haven’t you forgotten our meeting each other at the station five years ago?

你還記得（還沒(méi)忘記）5年前我們?cè)谲?chē)站見(jiàn)過(guò)面吧？

B. regret to do sth.（對(duì)即將做或未做之事表示）道歉、遺憾；regret doing sth.（對(duì)已做之事感到）后悔、遺憾。如：

（1）I’m always regretting selling my favourite Chinese-English dictionary.

我因?yàn)榘盐夷潜拘膼?ài)的漢語(yǔ)詞典給賣(mài)了，老是感到后悔。

（2）We regret (are sorry) not to tell you the truth at the very moment.

不好意思，當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)把真實(shí)情況告訴你。

C. stop to do sth.停下來(lái)（停下手中之活）做（去做另外的事），不定式短語(yǔ)用做狀語(yǔ)，表示目的；stop doing sth.停止做……（停下來(lái)手中正為之事），動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)用做賓語(yǔ)。如：

（1）Will you please stop to help us？ We are in great need of help.

請(qǐng)停下來(lái)幫幫我們，好嗎？我們很需要人幫忙。

（2）Will you please stop making so much noise？ Nobody can hear what the lecturer is speaking about too clearly.

請(qǐng)別吵鬧太厲害，都沒(méi)人能聽(tīng)清楚演講者的話。

D. go on to do sth.（擱下手中之活）繼續(xù)做（另外之事）；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做（手中之活）。如：

（1）Let’s have a little rest and then go on doing what we’re dealing with now.我們稍息片刻，然后接著做我們現(xiàn)在所為之事。

（2）The teacher asked the students to stop reading aloud and then told them to go on to make notes of what he was saying.

老師叫學(xué)生別再朗讀了，然后又接著叫他們做筆記。

E. mean to do sth.想要做某事，意欲做某事；mean doing sth.意思是，意味著。如：

（1）I didn’t mean to get you into trouble， but ...

I’m really sorry.

我本不想讓你難堪的，但……實(shí)在抱歉。

（2）Revolution means liberating productive force.

革命就是解放生產(chǎn)力。

F. can’t help to do sth.無(wú)助于做某事；can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事。如：

（1）We can’t help to do this for you， so we must say sorry.

我們無(wú)能為力幫你們辦此事，在此我們感到歉疚。

（2）The audience couldn’t help cheering when they saw the little girl’s wonderful performing.

觀眾們看到那小女孩精彩的表演都情不自禁高聲喝彩。

G. try to do sth.努力，（想方設(shè)法，盡力）做某事；try doing sth.試著，嘗試做某事。如：

（1）He tried hard to give up smoking， but failed.

他想戒煙，但沒(méi)做到。

（2）After we had begun to learn English for some time， we tried speaking English in English class.

我們學(xué)了一陣子英語(yǔ)之后，就試著上英語(yǔ)課時(shí)講英語(yǔ)。

H. like/prefer/dislike/hate to do sth.（某時(shí)具體的）喜歡/不喜歡/討厭做某事；like/prefer/dislike/hate doing sth.（一般傾向性或習(xí)慣性的）喜歡/不喜歡/討厭做某事。如：

（1）She liked/ preferred to play tennis when she studied at middle school.

她在中學(xué)讀書(shū)時(shí)喜歡打乒乓球。

（2）I disliked/ hated to be spoken like that when I was young.

我小的時(shí)候討厭別人對(duì)我那樣講話。

I. want/ need /require to do sth.想要/需要做某事；want/need/require doing（只能接及物動(dòng)詞）＝want/need

/require to be done需要……（動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義）如：

（1）Her daughter wants to go to Qinghua University.

她女兒想讀清華大學(xué)。

（2）I think our teacher needs/requires to explain the difficult questions to us once again.

我想我們的老師需要把那些難題再給我們解釋一下。

（3）The question wants/needs/requires explaining again.=The question wants/needs/requires to be explained again.

那個(gè)問(wèn)題需要再次解釋。

J. begin/start/cease to do sth.開(kāi)始/停止做某事（指一般情況）；而（表示有意識(shí)地）開(kāi)始/停止做某事，則begin/start/cease doing sth.如：

（1）We began/started to work at once.

我們立即開(kāi)始工作。

（2）They began/started working on the project about three months ago.

大約3個(gè)月前他們就著手那項(xiàng)工程了。

K. see/hear/watch/notice /feel+賓語(yǔ)＋do sth.看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/觀看/發(fā)現(xiàn)/感覺(jué)……做了某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程和結(jié)果），其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：be seen/heard/watched/noticed/felt to do sth; see/hear/

watch/notice/feel+賓語(yǔ)＋doing sth.看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)/觀看/發(fā)現(xiàn)/感覺(jué)到……正在做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行），其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：be seen/heard/watched/noticed/

felt doing;see/hear/watch/notice/feel+賓語(yǔ)+done(只能是及物動(dòng)詞)：看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/觀看/發(fā)現(xiàn)/感覺(jué)到……被……（賓語(yǔ)是賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者），同樣也有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：

（1）On arriving at the theatre， we noticed them singing the popular song.

一到劇場(chǎng)，我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們正在唱那首流行歌曲。

Arriving at the theatre， we noticed them sing quite a few popular songs.

到劇場(chǎng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們唱了好幾首流行歌曲。

Arriving at the theatre， we noticed several popular songs sung.

我們一到劇場(chǎng)就發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)唱了好幾首流行歌曲。

（2）The teacher watched the students making the experiment.

老師觀看學(xué)生們做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

The teacher watched the students try the experiment.

老師看了那些學(xué)生做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

The teacher watched the experiment done.

老師觀看了做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

（3）I felt someone pat me on the shoulder.

我感覺(jué)到剛才有人拍了我的肩膀。

I felt someone patting my shoulder.

我感覺(jué)到剛才有人在拍我的肩膀。

I felt my shoulder patted.

我感覺(jué)我的肩膀被拍了一下。

（4）Passing his house， we heard Father scolding his daughter.

從他家經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)候，我們聽(tīng)到父親在責(zé)怪女兒。

We heard Father scold his daughter.

我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)父親責(zé)怪了他的女兒。

When we passed his house， we heard his daughter scolded.

從他家經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他女兒挨罵。

L. have+賓語(yǔ)+do sth=get+賓語(yǔ)+to do sth.讓?zhuān)ㄊ梗┠橙俗瞿呈拢籬ave+賓語(yǔ)+doing sth.讓/使（一直做）＝get+賓語(yǔ)＋doing sth.(進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài))；have+賓語(yǔ)+done=get+賓語(yǔ)+done讓?zhuān)▌e人）做某事。如：

（1）How large manpower do you think we will get to/have help with the summer harvest?

你認(rèn)為我們將找多少人來(lái)幫我們夏收？

（2）I won’t have anyone cheat me.=I won’t get anyone to cheat me.

我不會(huì)讓任何人騙我的。

（3）She’ll have you doing all the housework if you are not careful.

如果你不小心的話，她會(huì)要你把所有的家務(wù)活都干了。

（4）The lecturer soon got all of us thinking.

演講者馬上就使得我們所有的人都思考了。

（5）My hair is too long. I’ll have to have/get it cut.

我的頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。我得找人理理。

練一練

（1）His pale face suggested that he______ seriously ill.

A. isB. was C. beD. should be

（2） She got all wet， so we insisted that she ________ her clothes.

A. would change B. changed

C. had changed D. change

（3）The student____________to his teacher again that he had been away mainly as his moher had been ill.

A. layB. laidC. lied D. lain

（4）We__________ the table and had a delicious meal together.

A. lay B. laid C. liedD. lain

（5） From the ceiling______ a large lamp and he was reading under it.

A. hangedB. hung C. hang D. hangs

（6） I think I know you as I remember_________you somewhere before.

A. to meet_B. meetingC. metD. to have met

（7） Mr Smith asked you to close the door when you leave， but you again forgot______it.

A. to do B. doingC. having done D. done

（8） She said she was afraid the high tower because she was afraid______height.

A. to climb up; ofB. of climbing up; to

C. to climb up; toD. of climbing up; of

（9）She never seems to regret_________her valuablle necklace.

A. having lostB. to have lost C. lostD. to lose

(10) It’s unable to get there in only ten minutes on foot. Why not try______a bicycle.

A. to ride B. riding C. ridden D. rode

參考答案：

(1)B (2)D (3)C (4) A(5)B (6)B (7)A (8)A (9)A (10)B