英語中,有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),往往省去一個(gè)詞或一些成分,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。省略句也是近年中考的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。下面筆者就結(jié)合2007年全國(guó)各地中考試題,歸納省略的熱門考點(diǎn)。
【熱點(diǎn)一】不定式中to 的省略
(1)在hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官動(dòng)詞和 make, have, let 等使役動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。若這些使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)形式,則其后充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)帶 to。
例1.Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them ____ how much they mean to us. (2007年哈爾濱)
A. to knowB. knowingC. know(Key: C)
例2. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake. (2007年濟(jì)南)
A. to drawB. to drawing
C. drawD. drew (Key: A)
(2)would rather, had better, rather than等后面應(yīng)該接不帶 to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
例3. We’d better _____ off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute. (2007年上海)
A. to turn B. turning
C. turn D. turned (Key: C)
例4.—What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?
—I would rather ____ at home than _____ football.It’s too hot outside.(2007年南京)
A. stay; playingB. stay; play
C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing (Key: B)
(3)“Why not + 動(dòng)詞原形……”相當(dāng)于“Why don’tyou + 動(dòng)詞原形……”,意思是“為何不、干嗎不?”
例5. —Why not ____ music club?
—I’m sorry, I can’t sing or dance.(2007年重慶)
A. to joinB. join
C. joining D. to join in (Key: B)
【熱點(diǎn)二】不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略
動(dòng)詞love, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope,try, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時(shí),為避免重復(fù),常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞,只保留to不定式符號(hào)。
例6.—I’ll be away on holiday. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. ________.(2007年青島)
A. I have no timeB. I’d rather not
C. You can leaveD. I’d be happy to (Key: D)
例7.—I’ll go and climb the Western Hills this weekend. Would you like to go with me?
—____. Please call me when you go.(2007年云南)
A. No, I won’t B. I won’t go
C. Sorry, I’m busyD. Yes, I’dloveto (Key: D)
【熱點(diǎn)三】用 do, be以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的替代省略
用 do, be以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞替代重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞及其后面的賓語、表語、狀語或其他成分。
例8.—Can you play with a yo-yo , Jim ?
—Yes, I _______. It’s easy. (2007年北京)
A. mustB. can
C. needD. may (Key: B)
例9. —Your sister isn’t a nurse,is she?(2007濟(jì)南市)
—____. She teaches English in a middle school.
A. No, she isn’t B. Yes, she is.
C. Yes, she isn’t D. No, she is(Key: A)
【熱點(diǎn)四】 替代詞so / not的替代省略
替代詞so / not用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容,可與動(dòng)詞believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think 等詞及 I’m afraid連用。肯定時(shí),上列動(dòng)詞都可與so 搭配;否定時(shí)hope與guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式,而think, believe, suppose 等詞可有兩種否定形式 ,即:I think not 或I don’t think so.
例10.—Oh. Mary’s not here these days. Is she ill? (2007年江西)
—_____.Her mother told me that she was in hospital.
A. I am afraid so B. I hope not
C. I don’t mind D. I don’t think so (Key: A)
例11. —I believe we’ve met before.
—No, ______. I’ve never been here before. (2007年重慶課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))
A. it isn’t the same B. it’s true
C. I don’t think soD. I believe so(Key: C)
例12.—Do you think you will lose the game?
—No, _______.(2007年重慶非課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))
A. I think soB. I’m sure
C. I think not D. I’m afraid so(Key: C)
【熱點(diǎn)五】so/nor/neither的替代省略
(1)若兩個(gè)句子的主語相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重復(fù)前面句子的內(nèi)容時(shí),用“so + 主語 + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”的形式。
例13. —Ann dances well.
—___. (2007年蘭州)
A. So she doesB. So does she
C. Neither can sheD. So can I (Key: A)
(2)若兩個(gè)句子的主語不相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重復(fù)前面句子的內(nèi)容時(shí),用“so + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語”的形式。
例14. Jim works hard on his Chinese and ____. (2007年濟(jì)南)
A. so Lucy does B. so is Lucy
C. so does Lucy D. so Lucy is (Key: C)
(3)若兩個(gè)句子的主語不相同,前面的句子是否定句,而后面的句子重復(fù)前面句子的內(nèi)容時(shí),用“neither/nor + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語”的形式。
例15.—Jack? I didn’t believe he could work it out.
—_____, but he really got it right.(2007年山東煙臺(tái))
A. So I didn’tB. Me too
C. Neither did ID. So did I (Key: C)
【熱點(diǎn)六】定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的省略
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用做動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),常常可以省略。
例16. This is _____ I wanted. (2007年天津)
A. the one what B. which
C. one which D. the one (Key: D)
【熱點(diǎn)七】 情境中的省略
在日常會(huì)話、打電話、請(qǐng)求、祝愿、感嘆等不同交際情境中,交際者往往只突出要表達(dá)的主要意思的詞語,省略次要的或與前面重復(fù)的詞語。
例17. —How about going shopping on Hunan Road this evening?
—______, But I’ve to prepare for tomorrow’s exam.(2007年南京)
A. I can’t
B. Sounds great
C. That’s right
D. No, I’m terribly sorry(Key: B)
例18.—Mum, I won the 400-metre race in the school sports meeting.(2007年金華)
—______
A. Congratulations!
B. You’re welcome.
C. It’s a pleasure.
D. That’s all right. (Key: A)