高二Ｕｎｉｔｓ１５－１６重點(diǎn)單詞短語(yǔ)及句型解析

一、重點(diǎn)單詞

1. upset

【考綱釋義】 vt. 使心煩意亂；攪亂 adj.

混亂的；心煩意亂的；傾覆的 n. 翻倒；傾覆；混亂，攪亂；心煩意亂；(腸胃)不舒服

【備考實(shí)例】 All the members of the club felt ________ about the result of the competition. It couldn’t be worse.

A. upsetB. satisfied

C. worriedD. nervous

【考點(diǎn)解析】 句意“俱樂(lè)部的全體成員為比賽的結(jié)果感到難過(guò)。再?zèng)]有比這更糟糕的了?！眜pset可用作形容詞，表示“難過(guò)的；心煩的”，構(gòu)成搭配be upset about sth.“為某事心煩；為某事難過(guò)”。答案為A。

【知識(shí)拓展】 be upset about 為……感到心煩 upset oneself 感到心煩 upset the balance of 打破……的平衡

2. guarantee

【考綱釋義】 vt. 擔(dān)保；保證 n. 擔(dān)保物；抵押物；保證書(shū)

【備考實(shí)例】 We cannot ________ the punctual arrival of train in foggy weather.

A. guardB. guarantee

C. judgeD. value

【考點(diǎn)解析】 句意“在多霧的天氣里，我們無(wú)法保證火車(chē)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)?！贝鸢笧锽。guarantee意為“保證；確?！?，符合題意。Guard意為“守衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)”，judge意為“判斷；判決”，value意為“珍視；看重”。

【知識(shí)拓展】guarantee sb. against / from 保證某人不受 guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保證guarantee to do sth. 保證做某事 guarantee sth. to be 保證某物是 guarantee that… 保證……

3. gather

【考綱釋義】 vi. vt. 集合；聚集；采集

【備考實(shí)例】 The general ________ all the soldiers before him， telling them to get ready for the fight.

A. collectedB. gathered

C. selectedD. elected

【考點(diǎn)解析】 句意“將軍把所有的士兵召集在面前，告訴他們準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗。”gather意為“聚集；集合”，符合句意，答案為B。

【知識(shí)拓展】 gather in 收割（莊稼）；集攏 gather round 聚集在……周?chē)?gather together 集合；集聚；收集 gather up 收集；拾起；概括

4. rate

【考綱釋義】 n. 價(jià)格；費(fèi)用；速度；效率

【備考實(shí)例】 It isn’t much of a car， but at any ________ it is not expensive.

A. rateB. caseC. wayD. degree

【考點(diǎn)解析】句意“這輛車(chē)不怎么好，但不管怎樣，它不貴。”答案為A，at any rate意為“無(wú)論如何；不管怎樣”，符合句意。

【知識(shí)拓展】at this / that rate 照此情形；如此下去 at any rate 無(wú)論如何；不管怎樣；至少

5. overcome

【考綱釋義】 vt. 戰(zhàn)勝；克服

【備考實(shí)例】 So long as we don’t lose heart， we’ll find a way to ________ the difficulty.

A. satisfyB. disappoint

C. overcomeD. smooth

【考點(diǎn)解析】 句意“只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到方法去戰(zhàn)勝困難?！贝鸢笧镃，overcome意為“戰(zhàn)勝；克服”，多指戰(zhàn)勝或克服非物質(zhì)的東西，如困難和不良習(xí)慣等。

【知識(shí)拓展】overcome， conquer， win和beat辨析 overcome意為“克服、戰(zhàn)勝”，指成功地戰(zhàn)勝某人或某物，現(xiàn)在多用于非物質(zhì)性的東西。conquer 意為“征服、戰(zhàn)勝“，含有暗指勝利的意思，但主要強(qiáng)調(diào)征服自然或用武力控制失敗方或占領(lǐng)失敗方的領(lǐng)土等。也可以用于體力、智力、以及道德力量控制了某人或克服了某些困難等。win意為“在……獲勝”，它后面常接戰(zhàn)斗、比賽、辯論、選舉、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)牌等。后面不以人作賓語(yǔ)。beat意為“戰(zhàn)勝”，主要用于運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽等方面戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手。后面可以接人。

6. sacrifice

【考綱釋義】 n. vt. 犧牲；奉獻(xiàn)

【備考實(shí)例】 People sometimes seek their political power at the ________ of their wives and children.

A. risk B. charge C. sacrifice D. price

【考點(diǎn)解析】 句意“有時(shí)人們以自己的妻兒為代價(jià)去追求政治權(quán)利?！盿t the sacrifice of意為“以……為代價(jià)”，符合句意，答案為C。

【知識(shí)拓展】 at a sacrifice 虧本出售 at the sacrifice of 以……為代價(jià) make all sacrifices不惜一切代價(jià) make a sacrifice for 為……作出犧牲 sacrifice… for / to 為……而犧牲

7. insist

【考綱釋義】 vt. 堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為

【備考實(shí)例】 She insisted that she______someone in the house and that a policeman ________to make sure.

A. hear; be called in

B. heard; was called in

C. hear; was called in

D. heard; be called in

【考點(diǎn)解析】句意“她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為她聽(tīng)到了房子里有人并堅(jiān)持要求去叫一名警察來(lái)確認(rèn)?！眎nsist作“堅(jiān)持要，一定要”解時(shí)，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形”；當(dāng)作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，則其后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。答案為D。

【知識(shí)拓展】insist on doing sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事

8. resist

【考綱釋義】 vt. 抵抗；對(duì)抗；忍住

【備考實(shí)例】 The dolls were so lovely that I couldn’t resist ________one for my daughter.

A. buyingB. to buying

C. to buyD. being bought

【考點(diǎn)解析】句意“這些玩具太可愛(ài)了，我禁不住給女兒買(mǎi)了一個(gè)?！眂ouldn’t resist doing sth意為“忍不住做某事”，答案為A。

【知識(shí)拓展】 resist doing sth 抗拒做某事；忍住不做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事 can’t help but do 禁不住做

9. supply

【考綱釋義】 n. 供應(yīng)；供給；供應(yīng)品 vt. 供應(yīng)；提供

【備考實(shí)例】 A pipeline will be built to ________ some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.

A. send B. sellC. supply D. offer

【考點(diǎn)解析】 句意“將鋪建管道把中國(guó)西部的天然氣供應(yīng)到東部省份?！笨疾榇钆鋝upply .. with sth. “向……供應(yīng)某物”。答案為C。

【知識(shí)拓展】 in short supply 缺乏；供應(yīng)不足 a supply of ＝supplies of 大量的 supply and demand 供求關(guān)系 supply sth. to sb. 向某人供應(yīng)某物 supply sb. with sth. 向某人供應(yīng)某物 provide sb. with sth. 向某人供應(yīng)某物 provide sth. for sb. 向某人供應(yīng)某物

二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1. look into 調(diào)查；觀察

The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse. 政府已成立工作組調(diào)查濫用毒品問(wèn)題。

It was rather a shock to look into these matters and discover that the fault was mine. 調(diào)查這些事情使我大吃一驚，我發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)這是我的錯(cuò)。

【知識(shí)拓展】 look about / around 環(huán)顧；仔細(xì)觀察 look after照看；照管 look for尋找 look up向上看；查找 look out注意; 當(dāng)心 look down upon / on看不起 look forward to盼望， 期待

2. cool off 變涼；冷卻；冷靜

It’s too hot to think. I need to find someplace to cool off. 熱得我都沒(méi)法思考。我需要找個(gè)地方?jīng)隹鞗隹臁?/p>

I hope the two countries will cool off a bit， or there will be a war. 我希望兩個(gè)國(guó)家都冷靜一點(diǎn)，否則將有一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

【知識(shí)拓展】cool down 涼快起來(lái)； 漸漸冷卻；使平靜； 使冷靜 remain / keep cool 保持涼爽； 保持冷靜

3. every now and then常常，不時(shí)地

While he was walking home， he looked back every now and then. 當(dāng)他朝家走的時(shí)候，他不時(shí)地回頭往后看。

Every now and then， we’ll meet with some new words during our reading. 在閱讀過(guò)程中，我們常常會(huì)碰上新單詞。

【知識(shí)拓展】表示“不時(shí)地”含義的詞還有：(a little) now and (a little) then; from time to time; occasionally; sometimes

4. aim at 針對(duì)；瞄準(zhǔn)；目的在于。例如：

Nowadays some people always aim at money. 現(xiàn)在一些人總是一切向錢(qián)看。

We should aim at doing something useful to the society. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)志在做一些對(duì)社會(huì)有益的事情。

Those girls worked out every morning， aiming at losing weight. 那些女孩子每天早晨鍛煉是為了減肥。

5. in honour of 為了紀(jì)念、慶祝、慶賀、歡迎

The monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country. 這座紀(jì)念碑是紀(jì)念為國(guó)犧牲的士兵而建立的。

In honour of your moving out of the twenties， we are giving you a marvelous birthday party. 為慶祝你跨入三十歲，我們準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)盛大的生日宴會(huì)。

【知識(shí)拓展】 do sb. honour / do honour to sb. 向某人致敬 put sb. on his honour 使某人以人格擔(dān)保 do sb. the honour of / have the honour of / to 給某人……之榮幸

6. in vain 徒然；枉然

The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds. 警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群，但沒(méi)有成功。

We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我們想使他改變主意，結(jié)果是白費(fèi)心機(jī)。

7. take a chance / take chances 碰運(yùn)氣；投機(jī)；冒險(xiǎn)一試

Under the rules of the game， you really never know. You have to take a chance!在這個(gè)游戲規(guī)則下，你真的永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)預(yù)知結(jié)果。你只能去碰運(yùn)氣！

Have you been to Lijiang， Yunnan? I haven’t been there yet， but I surely take a chance to go and live there for a week， just for a good play. 你去過(guò)云南麗江嗎？我還沒(méi)去過(guò)，我一定要找個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去，在那兒住上一星期，好好游玩。

【知識(shí)拓展】 by chance 偶然，無(wú)意中 by any chance 萬(wàn)一，也許 by some chance 由于偶然的機(jī)會(huì) Chances are that… 很可能……，大概是……

8. in turn 依次；反過(guò)來(lái)

Students clean classroom in turn everyday. 學(xué)生們每天輪流打掃教室。

The theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理論的基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐，又轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。

【知識(shí)拓展】out of turn 不按順序地 take turns 輪流 by turns 輪流；交替 take a turn 起變化

三、重點(diǎn)句型

1. should引導(dǎo)的虛擬倒裝句

【課文原句】 Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer， you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你有要打點(diǎn)行裝去探究世界的愿望，或許你會(huì)考慮以下這些目的地中的一個(gè)。

【經(jīng)典考例】 ________ fired， your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2007湖北)

A. Would you beB. Should you be

C. Could you be D. Might you be

【考點(diǎn)解析】 答案為B。當(dāng)if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中含有助動(dòng)詞were， had或should時(shí)，可以省去if，將were， had或should提到主語(yǔ)前面，構(gòu)成倒裝句。本題正常句序是If you should be fired， your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

2. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)

【課文原句】 Located in southern Austria， Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers. 基茨布厄爾位于奧地利南部，是滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者的天堂。

【經(jīng)典考例】 ________ by a greater demand of vegetables， farmers have built more green houses.（2007浙江）

A. Driven B. Being driven

C. To drive D. Having driven

【考點(diǎn)解析】 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子中的主語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)或完成意義。答案為A。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：農(nóng)民被蔬菜的大量需求所驅(qū)動(dòng)，建起了更多的溫室大棚。分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)farmers在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

3. 句型There is no need to do

【課文原句】 There is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前沒(méi)有滑過(guò)冰，也沒(méi)必要擔(dān)心。

【經(jīng)典考例】 He will be better soon. There is no need ________.

A. to worry about B. worried

C. to be worried D. to be worried about 【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為C。考查搭配There is no need to do sth. “沒(méi)有必要……”。A項(xiàng)中的 worry about相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，與句意不符。

4. 擬人寫(xiě)作手法

【課文原句】 The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot and killed in 1968. 在20世紀(jì)60年代這座城市目睹了黑人和白人之間一連串的沖突以及金博士在1968被槍殺。

【經(jīng)典考例】 The year 2008 ________ remarkable changes in Beijing’s landscape.

A. metB. saw C. readD. looked

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為B。The year see…是一種擬人化的寫(xiě)作手法，以增強(qiáng)句子的表現(xiàn)力。See意為“（在某段時(shí)間或某地）發(fā)生；經(jīng)歷”。這種句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是see， witness， tell， show， make， bring， enable， remind， prevent， keep等。

5. that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句

【課文原句】 There are signs that a new， different South is coming out of its dark past. 種種跡象表明一個(gè)嶄新的截然不同的南部正在走出過(guò)去的黑暗。

【經(jīng)典考例】 A warm thought suddenly

came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. （2007 安徽卷）

A. if B. when C. that D. which

【考點(diǎn)解析】 答案為C。由同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞thought加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，由于主句的謂語(yǔ)比較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday比較長(zhǎng)，所以這個(gè)從句就沒(méi)有緊接在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面。

6. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

【課文原句】 Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War. 亞特蘭大很快從內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的毀壞中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。

【經(jīng)典考例】 The Town Hall ________ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.

A. to be completed

B. having been completed

C. completed

D. being completed

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為C。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)意義的定語(yǔ)從句。☆