橫看成嶺側成峰，“主謂一致”各不同

主謂一致是指：

1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復數形式與謂語要一致；

2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式一致；

3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。在這個知識點上同學們經常會犯錯誤，現將有關主謂語一致的常見錯誤及解析歸納如下：

1. 桌上有幾本小說。

(誤) There is some novels on the table.

(正) There are some novels on the table.

(析) there be句型中，主語是some novels為復數，謂語動詞要用復數。

2. 我和他都沒能去那里。

(誤) Neither he nor I were able to go there.

(正) Neither he nor I was able to go there.

(析) 由or，either…or， neither…nor，not only…but（also），not…but連接的并列主語，在正式文體中通常根據就近原則，其謂語動詞依最接近它的名詞或代詞的人稱和單復數形式而定。最近的主語是I，故動詞用was。

3. 教師和學生都不得入內。

(誤) No teacher and no student are admitted．

(正) No teacher and no student is admitted．

(析) no ＋ 單數名詞 ＋ and（no） ＋ 單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

4.墻上掛著兩張地圖。

(誤) On the wall hangs two maps.

(正) On the wall hang two maps.

(析) 這是一個倒裝句式，on the wall是狀語，主語為two maps，故謂語用hang而不是hangs。

5.他和孩子們同去了公園。

(誤) He， along with his children， have gone to the park.

(正) He， along with his children， has gone to the park.

(析) 當主語為單數名詞，其后跟有as well as，along with，as much as，accompanied by，but，except，including，in company with，like，more than，no less than，plus，together with，with，rather than等引導的修飾語或插入語時，其謂語動詞通常按照語法一致的原則，依主語即中心詞的單復數而定。 本句的主語是he，因而謂語是has。

6. 外出旅游的人數每年在增加。

(誤) The number of people who go out for trips are increasing every year.

(正) The number of people who go out for trips is increasing every year.

(析) “The number of + 復數名詞或代詞”作主語時，表示“……的數量”，謂語動詞用單數。試比較：A number of people have cars now．現在許多人都有汽車。

7. 一個詩人兼作家要見你。

(誤) A poet and writer want to see you.

(正) A poet and writer wants to see you.

(析) 當and所連接的兩個單數名詞作主語是指同一件事或指一個概念時，其謂語要用單數。本題中a poet and writer是指一個共同的概念，意為“一個詩人兼作家“，其謂語用單數。下列名詞短語通常看作單數： a needle and thread 一套針線 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 bread and butter 奶油面包 time and tide 歲月 trial and error 試驗摸索 iron and steel 鋼鐵

8. 每個男孩和女孩都得到一支鋼筆。

(誤) Each boy and each girl have got a pen．

(正) Each boy and each girl has got a pen．

(析) each ＋名詞＋and each ＋名詞作主語，或every ＋單數名詞＋and（every）＋單數名詞作主語時，其謂語要用單數。

9. 他們每個人有一本字典。

(誤) They each has a dictionary.

(正) They each have a dictionary.

(析)主語是they為復數，謂語動詞用復數，each是修飾語。

10. 這里不止一個人染上了這種疾病。

(誤) More than one person here have been infected with the disease．

(正) More than one person here has been infected with the disease．

(析) 由many a，more than one修飾單數名詞作主語時，雖表達復數概念，但謂語須用單數。

11. 這條褲子是他弟弟的。

(誤) This pair of trousers belong to his brother.

(正) This pair of trousers belongs to his brother.

(析) 一些由兩個對應部分組成一體的復數名詞，如trousers，glasses等作主語時，若前面有“一條”、“一副”之類的單位名詞，則謂語動詞用單數，不帶單位名詞，則謂語動詞用復數。

12.年輕人在活動中起著重要的作用。

(誤) The young plays an important part in activities.

(正) The young play an important part in activities.

(析) 某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等用以表示一類人時，其意義為復數，謂語動詞用復數形式。

13. 學外語花去我們很多時間。

(誤) Learning foreign languages take us a lot of time.

(正) Learning foreign languages takes us lots of time.

(析) 動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

14.一周30美元遠遠不夠。

(誤) Thirty dollars a week are not enough.

(正) Thirty dollars a week is not enough.

(析) 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復數名詞作主語時，通常將其看做一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。

15. 現在各學校都開設政治課。

(誤) Politics are now taught in all schools．

(正) Politics is now taught in all schools.

(析) 以-ics結尾表示學科名稱的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數，這類名詞有physics，politics，mathematics等。以s結尾的名詞news，plastics等同屬此類。

16. 全家人都在看電視。

(誤) The family is watching TV.

(正) The family are watching TV.

(析) family，police，people，cattle等詞是集合名詞，雖然形式上是單數，但當意義上為復數時，謂語動詞需用復數形式。☆