淺談現在進行時的被動語態

被動語態是英語的語法重點之一，其中現在進行時的被動語態則是高中學生英語學習中的難點。現對進行時的被動語態的結構和用法結合08年高考作些總結，供大家學習時參考。

一、 基本結構

1. 肯定形式:“助動詞be(am / is / are) + being + 過去分詞”，其中的is， am， are表明謂語動詞的動作發生的時間為現在，并隨著作主語的名詞（代詞）的人稱和數的不同而使用其中的某一個形式; being done則表示正在進行的被動動作。例如:

The bridge over the river is being rebuilt. 這條河上的橋正在重建。

2. 否定形式:把否定詞not放在助動詞be(am / is / are)之后，即:”be(am / is /are) + not + being + 過去分詞”。如有多個助動詞，則not放在第一個助動詞之后。例如:

New nature parks are not being started in China. 中國不準備建新的自然公園。

The room is not being cleaned now. 現在沒人打掃房間。

3. 一般疑問句形式:把助動詞be(am / is / are)移到句首并大寫首字母，句末加問號，即:“Be(Am / Is / Are) + 主語 + being + 過去分詞”。例如:

Is money being collected for the broadband project？ 正在籌集大項目的錢款嗎?

4. 特殊疑問句形式：多數情況下，其構成方法是把疑問代詞或疑問副詞直接加在一般疑問句之前，具體情況可分為以下三種:

① “疑問代詞(作主語) + is being + 過去分詞 + 其他”。例如:

What is being done on the life of pandas? 正在采取什么措施保護大熊貓的生命?

② “疑問代詞(作定語) + 名詞 + is /are being + 過去分詞 + 其他” 例如:

Whose buildings are being built in the town? 鎮上正在建誰的樓房?

③ “疑問副詞 + is / are + 主語 + being + 過去分詞 + 其他” 例如:

Where is the elk being studied by scientists? 科學家們正在研究的麋鹿在哪里呢?

二、 常見的四種基本用法

1. 表示現在正在進行的被動動作，即謂語動詞表示的動作此刻正在進行；這是被動語態的基本形式。例如:

The project is being discussed at the meeting. 這個方案正在會上討論。

A new film is being shown in the town hall. 一部新影片正在市鎮禮堂放映。

2. 表示現階段正在進行的被動動作，即謂語動詞表示的動作在目前階段正在進行。例如:

Socialism is being built very fast in our country， which is known all over the world. 社會主義正在我們國家快速建設，這一點是全世界所共知的。

3. 表示一種經常性的被動行為，常和always， constantly等表示頻度的副詞連用。這種用法常常帶有贊揚或厭惡的感情色彩。例如:

He is always being praised by the leader. 他總是受到領導的表揚。

I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen. 我感到很迷惑，我們商店的商品老是被盜。

4. 與部分情態動詞連用，表示對謂語動詞正在進行的動作的一種推測。例如:

She may be being interviewed at the very moment. 她此刻也許正在接受面試。

三、 被動語態使用中的常見錯誤

1. 在現在進行時的被動語態中， am， is， are為第一助動詞， being為第二助動詞，缺一不可，且不可互換位置。例如:

法律正在修改以保障婦女兒童的權利。

【誤】 The laws being revised to protect the rights of women and children.

【正】 The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.

注:在文章標題、廣告、新聞中使用此類結構時，常省略助動詞be， 因此出現了being緊跟主語的情況。例如:

English teachers being wanted. 英語教師正在熱聘中。(廣告用語， being前省略了助動詞are)

四、現在進行時的被動語態高考考題分析

1. Rainforests ________ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (08上海春)

A. cut B. are cut

C. are being cut D. had been cut

【分析】答案選C。rainforests是cut的承受者，cut rainforests為動賓關系，應用被動語態；由后文“將會從地球上消失”可知目前“正在被砍伐”。

2.—Have you moved into the new house?

—Not yet， the rooms ________.(08全國卷)

A. are being painted

B. are painting

C. are painted

D. are being painting

【分析】答案選A。the room是paint的承受者，即paint與the room是動賓關系，應當用被動語態；從語境可知，房子正在粉刷中，用現在進行時的被動語態。

3. A new cinema ________ here. They hope to finish it next month. (08北京春)

A. will be built B. is built

C. has been built D. is being built

【分析】答案選D。四個選項都是被動語態，關鍵是判斷用哪種時態；由They hope to finish it next month. 可知，電影院目前還正在被修建，應當用現在進行時。

鞏固練習：

1. New Year’s Day is coming and Children’s Park ________ for it now.

A. is prepared B. is being prepared

C. has prepared D. is preparing

2. With the development of science， now more new technology________to the fields of IT.

A. has introduced B. is being introduced

C. is introducedD. was introduced

3. More money________for the Hope Project.

A. is being collected B. is collecting

C. has collected D. be collected

4. Cellphones ________ by more and more teens nowadays.

A. are using B. is used

C. are being used D. being used

5. A new library ________ in our school.

A. is building B. is built

C. have built D. is being built

6. Many new functions ________ to cell phones nowadays.

A. have added B. are adding

C. were added D. are being added

7. Some courses________in English in many universities.

A. are being taught

B. are teaching

C. has taught

D. have been taught

8. Much progress ________ in science and technology in China now.

A. is making B. has made

C. is being madeD. is made

9. — Can we move into our new house now?

— No， because it ________.

A. is painted B. is being painted

C. has been painted D. is painting

10.With more forests being destroyed， huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.

A. is washing away

B. is being washed away

C. are washing away

D. are being washed away

11. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired

C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

12. — I don’t suppose the police know who did it.

— Well， surprising they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now.

A. has been questioned

B. is being questioned

C. is questioning

D. has questioned

13. Although the cause of cancer ________，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

A. are being uncovered

B. have been uncovering

C. are uncovering

D. have uncovered

Keys：

1-6 BBACDD 7-13 ACBDCBA ☆