格陵蘭的文化和歷史

Greenland與“綠色陸地”恰恰相反，這里實際上是冰雪世界。格陵蘭島是世界上最大的島。格陵蘭島位于加拿大北部，大部分地區都在北極圈內，終年冰封雪凍。居住在那里的居民叫因紐特人，也就是我們常說的愛斯基摩人。他們在冰天雪地中是如何生存的呢？

Greenland is blessed with a peaceable people that have never started war with anyone and people generally show great openness to visitors.

The population of Greenland is predominantly Inuit， a people bearing an affinity and solidarity with the Inuits of Canada， Alaska and Siberia. It is only 130 years since the last immigration from Canada took place.

The Greenlandic people are few in number: 55，000 in an enormous country. Approx. 20 percent of the population was born outside Greenland.

Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark， but since the introduction of Home Rule in 1979 Greenland has moved towards relative independence based on parliamentary democracy.

Today fishing is the all-dominating trade and accounts for 95 percent of total exports， but in the hunter districts of the outer areas， the seal and whale catch is of great importance. It actually forms the stable existence for one fifth of the Greenlandic population. For millennia the philosophy has been to live at one with nature. The hunters live with nature and follow the natural seasons.

The symbols of the ancient culture are still alive even in the larger towns. Many people build and use their own kayak as you’ll see in every harbor. The old drum dance is performed by a growing number of artists. The musical and theatrical life is largely based on myths and sagas conveyed in a modern form.

Arts and crafts often express perceptions of ancient myths. The tupilaks — small grotesque figures carved in narwhal or walrus tooth or reindeer antler — were originally evil spirits. Today they are popular souvenirs， and many skilled artists carve the tupilaks — each and every with a unique character.

格陵蘭島真是個天賜的福地：上面住著和善的人民，他們從未對任何人挑起過戰爭，而且對待游客也大都坦蕩熱誠。

格陵蘭島上的人口主要是因紐特人，他們和加拿大、阿拉斯加以及西伯利亞的因紐特人血緣相同、休戚與共。從因紐特人最近一次從加拿大移民過來到現在，也才過去130年。

格陵蘭人的數量不多：這么大的地區才只有55000人。約20%的人口出生在格陵蘭境外。

格陵蘭是丹麥王國的一部分，但自從1979年引入地方自治法以后，格陵蘭就開始朝以議會民主為基礎的相對獨立的方向發展。

今天，漁業是格陵蘭的壓倒一切的行業，這占了該島總出口額的95%，但在島上的外圍狩獵區，捕鯨獵豹很是重要，實際上成了五分之一的格陵蘭人的穩定生計。幾千年來，天人合一向來都是格陵蘭人的生存哲學。獵人們與自然共存，按自然的季節辦事。

甚至在較大的城鎮里，遠古文化的標志也依然鮮活。就像你在每個港口看到的那樣，許多人都會建造并使用他們自己的皮艇。越來越多的藝術家們開始表演老式的腰鼓舞。他們的音樂和戲劇生活也主要是基于用現代形式表現的神話傳說和英雄傳奇。

工藝品通?？梢员磉_人們對古老神話的理解?？淘讵毥泅L、海象牙齒或馴鹿角上的 tupilaks 形狀怪異的小人像最初就是些惡鬼。今天，它們都成了廣受歡迎的紀念品，而且很多藝術家們也在雕刻tupilaks ——每個作品上面刻的都是一個獨特的人物?！?/p>