淺談虛擬語氣的用法

朱　佳

語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度和看法。英語中有三種語氣，即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在英語中較常見，表示人的主觀愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)之意，是高中英語語法學習的重點和難點。下面試對虛擬語氣的一些用法作以介紹。

1.虛擬語氣用在If引導的條件狀語從句中，其主句、從句的時態(tài)如下：

例句: ①If I were you，I would help you.

② If you were to come tomorrow，I would giveyoua book.

③ Ifhe had studied hard ,he would have succeeded.

這里需要強調(diào)的是：首先，當條件狀語從句的謂語中含有助動詞had, should或were時，有時可省略從句中的if，然后將had, should或were移到主語之前。如上面句②可變?yōu)椋篧ere you to come tomorrow,I would give you a book.或者可以表達為：Should you come tomorrow, I would give him a book. 句③可變?yōu)椋篐ad he worked hard , he would have succeeded.

其次，如果主句和從句所描述的動作不是同時發(fā)生，其動詞的形式要根據(jù)動作所發(fā)生的時間而定，所用的虛擬語氣要用混合虛擬語氣。如：If it had rained last night , it would be very cold today.

第三，含蓄虛擬條件句即不用條件句而是用介詞短語等來表示假設(shè)情況的虛擬語氣的用法。如：Without him ，the question couldnt have been solved in a short time.

2.虛擬語氣用在wish引導的賓語從句中，其動詞形式如下：

例句：① I wish I were you.

② I wish it would rain tomorrow.

③He wished he hadnt done it.

3.虛擬語氣用在as if/though引導的狀語從句或表語從句中，意為“好像”。

例句：①She loved the child as if he were her own.(方式狀語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反)

②It looked as if he hadnt cheated in the exam.(表語從句，表示與過去事實相反)

4.虛擬語氣用在It′stime 引導的從句中，意為“該是做什么的時候了”。

例句：①It is the first time I went there.

②It is time you watchedTV.

5.虛擬語氣用在would rather, would sooner等引導的從句中, 動詞采用過去式或過去完成式，意為“寧愿做什么”。

例句：①I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

6.虛擬語氣用在 insist 和 suggest 引導的賓語從句中，表示建議、要求或命令之意。

例句： ①She insisted that she had read thatbook.

②The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.

總之，虛擬語氣的用法并非沒有規(guī)律可循，只要學生掌握了其正確的表達方法，注意主句、從句的時態(tài)呼應，就能在考試中做到萬無一失。

責任編輯付淑霞)