推理判斷題解答三步曲

推理判斷題是閱讀理解中的難點。推理判斷要以文章提供的事實和線索為依據，對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘，再根據常識進行合乎情理的推斷。不能憑空想象，隨意揣測，也不能以偏概全，只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基礎。

本文結合我校高三一次月考題中的一道閱讀理解題，談談推斷題的解題步驟。請看原題:

Decision-thinking is not unlike poker—it often matters not only what you think，but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally，this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are，by any standards，good thinkers.

The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular，he showed that all games fall into two classes; there are what he called games of “perfect information”，games like chess where the players can′t hide anything or play tricks; they don’t win by chance，but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of “imperfect information”，like poker，in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse，business，politics，life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors(因素)，which would ever puzzle best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance，and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess，not poker.

54. An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _______.

A. rules B. luckC. timeD. ideas

[分析] 這篇文章中除poker作“撲克牌”講外，對大多數考生來說，并沒有任何生詞，但還是有很多人讀不懂，在月考中，第54題我校學生有72.8%的人選錯答案，其原因可能是沒有掌握解答推斷題的方法。

解答此題時，首先，在原文中找相關信息點。用題干中的imperfect information在文章中搜索，找到關鍵句“Then there are games of “imperfect information”，like poker，in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.”

其次，理解字面意思。“也有些是‘不完整信息’游戲，比如說打牌，在這個游戲的過程中，是不能預先知道作出的某個行動會比另一個行動更好。”

第三，以字面意思為基礎進行推理。既然“不能預先知道一個行動會比另一個行動更好”，那么，每個行動是否使我們獲得滿意的結果，就由運氣來決定了。故選B.

由此觀之，解答推理判斷題的三步曲是:找關鍵句——理解字面意思——進行推理。

責任編校蔣小青