洪水中怎樣自救

江蘇省海安縣西場初級中學 范本華

編者按：暴雨，大暴雨，特大暴雨；罕見洪水，水庫垮壩，河流決堤……7月8日開始，隨著長江流域新一輪強降雨過程的來臨，江河湖庫水位陡漲，災情進一步擴大，一場抗洪救災攻堅戰正在江南、華南大地打響。下面我們就向大家介紹一下與暴雨洪災和抗洪搶險相關的知識及英文詞匯。

水是生命之源。可是如果暴雨不停就會形成洪水和泥石流，用另一種形式帶走生命。什么是洪水，面對洪水這種自然災難我們該怎樣保護自己？帶著這些問題我們一起進入今天的閱讀。

About 113 million people have been affected by floods around China so far this year.It’s more serious in the south of China.The flood washed away the farmlands、villages and destroyed houses、bridges and roads.Some people even lost their lives.So it’s important for us to know what is flood and how to protect ourselves in a flood.今年到目前為止，已經大約有113,000,000人遭受洪水的影響，尤其以中國南方較嚴重。洪水沖走了農田、村莊，毀壞了房屋、橋梁和道路。甚至使一些人失去了他們的生命。所以對我們來說了解什么是洪水，在遭遇洪水時我們該怎樣保護自己很重要。

★What is a flood?洪水是什么？

Flood is a form of natural disaster.When there is more water than the lakes,rivers,oceans,or ground can hold，it becomes a flood.洪水是自然災難的一種。當河流、湖泊、海洋或地面有超過他們可以容納的水時，就成了洪水。

★How to protect yourself when you face flood？當你面臨洪水時怎樣保護自己？

1.Pay attention to the flood warnings and prepare for it early.關注洪水警報并早作準備。

2.Flood is coming,if you have some time,you can use door,wooden bed,and so on to make water transport.洪水快要來了，如果你還有一些時間，你可以用門、木頭床板等做成水上交通工具。

3.If the flood comes too fast,you are too late to transfer.You should immediately climb onto the roof,trees，walls or other high places,waiting for rescue.如果洪水來得太快，你來不及轉移，你應該立即爬到屋頂、樹上、墻上或其它高的地方等待營救。

4.When you are in the mountains,you must be careful not to hurt by landslides or the rolling stones.當你在山里，你必須小心不要被山崩、滾落的巖石所傷害。

5.Don’t eat food touched by floodwaters,or you can get sick.Because floodwater may contain pollutants.不要吃被洪水接觸過的食物，否則你可能會生病。因為洪水里或許含有污染物。

Boys and girls,we should protect our earth to prevent natural disasters.Protect our earth is to protect our lives.

考考你：

1.What is a flood?

2.What should you do when the flood comes too fast to transfer?

3.Can we eat the food touched by floodwaters?

4.Do you have any other good ideas to protect yourself in a flood?What are they?

5.What can we do to protect our earth?

盤點：和“暴雨洪災”相關的英文詞匯

Rain and flood 暴雨洪災

to burst their banks/breaching of the dyke決堤/潰堤

leaking dike 堤防滲漏

release flood waters 泄洪

flood-diversion zones 分洪區

check dam 淤地壩/攔沙壩

flood-prevention 防洪

spillway 泄洪道

blast the dike 炸堤

floods/floodwater/inundation 洪水

freshet 河水猛漲/漲水

water levels 水位

watercourses 河道/水道

the flood level 洪水水位

warning level 警戒水位

historic highs 歷史最高點

torrential downpours/rains 暴雨/傾盆大雨

muddy 泥濘的

frequent showers 經常性的陣雨

rain cats and dogs 傾盆大雨

persistent rain 持續降雨

heavy rain 大雨

rainfall 降雨

downpour 暴雨

shower 陣雨

storm/tempest/rainstorms 暴風雨

thundershower 雷陣雨

drizzle 毛毛雨

flash floods 山洪暴發

water discharge 水流量/排水

water reservoirs 水庫

water volume 水量

emergency waterways 應急水道

Relief 救災

Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief

Headquarters 國家防汛抗旱總指揮部

rainstorm warning system 暴雨警戒系統

disaster areas 受災地區

flood-hit population 受災人口

evacuate 疏散

direct economic loss 直接經濟損失

rescue boats 救生艇

stranded residents 受困居民

temporary tents 臨時帳篷

settlements 臨時居住點

sandbag 沙袋

plug the breach 封堵決堤口

inundate crops 淹沒農田

worst hit 最嚴重受災地區

low-lying areas 低洼地區

landslides 山崩/滑坡

emergency alert level 緊急警戒級別

emergency materials 緊急援助物資

inflatable boats 充氣艇

rubber boats 橡皮艇

fuel barrels 燃料桶

life vests 救生衣

warning mark 警戒標志