院士風采

盧嘉錫

1915.10.26～2001.06.04

化學家。祖籍臺灣臺南。福建廈門人。1934年畢業于廈門大學化學系。1939年獲英國倫敦大學物理化學“哲學”博士學位。1985年被選為第三世界科學院院士；同年被選為比利時皇家科學院外籍院士。他早年設計的等傾斜魏森堡照相的Lp因子倒數圖，曾為國際X射線晶體學界普遍采用。創建中國科學院福建物質結構研究所。1973年在國際上最早提出固氮酶活性中心網兜模型之一，之后又提出過渡金屬原子簇合物“自兜”合成中的“元件組裝”設想，還系統地組織提出一些[Mo3S4]4+簇合物的“類芳香性”本質問題。因而使中國化學模擬生物固氮及有關原子簇合物的合成和結構化學研究躋身世界前列。曾任中國科學院院長、第八屆全國人大副委員長、中國科學院特邀顧問等職。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Xiamen, Fujian Provence. Graduated from Xianmen University in 1934. Received Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the London University, UK in 1939. Elected academician of Third World Academy of Sciences and Belgian Royal Society of Sciences.

In his early years. Lu designed the reciprocal Lpfactor chart for equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs designed which was adopted by X-rays crystallograhpers all over the world before the advent of electronic computer era. He is the founder of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter. He is one of the few to first propose the “string bag”cluster model for the active center of nitrogenase in biological nitrogen fixation in 1973 as well as the idea of “unit construction” approach in the rational synthesis of transition-metal clusters. He also otganized a systematic study of quasi-aromaticity in certain [Mo3S4]4+clusters and discovered that such a quasi-aromaticity is not at all limited to Mo-S clusters. All his work pushed China’s research on the chemical modeling of biological nitrogen fixation as well as rational syntheses and cooperative phenomena in transitionmetal clusters to the forefront of the worles. President and special advisor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, Standing Committee of the 8th National People’s Congress.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

莊長恭

1894.12.25～1962.02.15

化學家。福建泉州人。1921年畢業uyu美國芝加哥大學，1924年獲博士學位。1948年后，任中國科學院有機化學研究所所長。他確證了麥角甾烷結構，推測了麥角甾醇的結構，設計了帶有角甲基雙環α—酮的合成方法；研究了甾族邊鏈的氧化斷裂，是當時國際上少數從事甾體全合成研究的知名化學家之一，其工作曾被引入著名教科書。他還研究了防己諾林、去甲基防己堿等生物堿結構。對有機合成特別是甾體化合物的合成與天然有機化合物的結構研究作出了卓越的貢獻。他重視并擬定有機化學中中文命名，先用的吲哚、吡咯等雜環化合物名稱均為他所倡議的。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Graduaed from the University of Chicago, USA in 1921 and received Ph.D.at the same school in 1924. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. After 1949, President, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhuang’s outstanding contribution is the synthesis of steroids and the structure determination fo natural products.He proved the structure of ergostane, deduced the structure of ergosterol, designed the method for the synthesis of bicycloketo with dimethyl at the corners, and studied the oxidation cleavage of the side chain fo seroids. He was one of the few world renowned chemists who worked on the synthesis of steroids at his time and his work had been collected into some well-known textbooks. He also studied fanchinoline, demethylated spermine and other alkaloids. He and his co-workers set up methods for microanalysis of organic compounds. His work promoted the development of China’s chemical research. He also paid great attention to the naming of organic compounds. The Chinese names for pyrrole, indole and some sther heterocyclic compounds were named under his advocation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

紀育灃

1899.12.22～1982.05.18

化學家。浙江鄞州人。1921年畢業于上海滬江大學化學系。1922年獲美國芝加哥大學碩士學位，1928年獲耶魯大學博士學位。1951年～1958年人中央衛生研究院藥物化學系研究員。1958年～1982年任北京化學制劑研究所研究員、副所長。畢生從事藥物化學及有機合成工作，包括嘧啶、噻唑、喹啉等雜環化合物和中草藥化學成分的研究，維生素B1全合成，抗瘧藥物、抗血吸蟲藥物和系列氨基酸化合物的合成，維生素C的測定方法及在動植物產品中的分布等方面。對嘧啶的研究最為知名，例如硫氰基嘧啶類化合物重排為相應的異硫氰嘧啶，過氧化氫與巰基嘧啶的反映以及胺和肼與2-甲巰基嘧啶的作用等研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Born in Yinxian, Zhejing Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Hujiang University. Received M.Sc. from the University of Chicago in 1922 and Ph.D. from Yale University in 1928. Research professor and director, Beijing Institute of Chemical Reagents.

Ji had devoted his whole life to the synthesis of drugs and organic compounds, such as pyrimidine, thiazole,quinoline and other heterocyclic compounds. He also studied some natural products from Chinese herbs. He studied the synthesis of Vitamin B1, antimalaria drugs, schistosomekillers,aminoacids and so on. He developed methods to determinate Vitamin C and its distribution in plants and animals. His outstanding work was the reaction research of pyrimidine and its derivatives, for example, the rearrangement of thiocyanatopyrimidine to isothiocyanatopyrimidine, the reaction between mercaptopyrimidine and hydrogen peroxide, and the reation of amines and pydrazine with 2-methmercaptopyrimidine and so on.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

楊石先

1897.01.01～1985.02.19

化學家。蒙族。安徽懷寧人。1918年畢業于清華學堂。1922年獲美國康奈爾大學碩士學位。1931年獲美國耶魯大學博士學位。1923年起任南開大學教授兼理學院院長、教務長兼代理校長，1957年任南開大學校長。主要研究農藥和元素有機化學，并長期從事化學教育。創建了南開大學元素有機化學研究所。系統研究有機磷殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、除草劑及植物生長調節劑等高校農藥，1978年該研究所有10項成果獲全國科學大會獎。系統地研究了磷有機化合物的結構與生物活性的關系。80年代初在南開大學創建分子生物研究所，在化學與生物學的交叉點上開始新的探索。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemist. Mongolian nationality. Born in Huaining, Anhui Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1918. Received M.Sc. from Cornell University in 1922 and Ph.D.from Yale University in 1931. Professor and dean, School of Natural Science, director, the Department of Education Affairs, and president, Nankai University.

Yang was engaged in the research on prsticide chemistry,elementary organic chemistry and chemical education. He was the founder of the Institute of Elementary Organic Chemistry of Nankai University. He did systematic research on organo-phosphorous insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators.These research items won 10 prizes of the National Science Conference in 1978. in 1987, he was granted a second class prize of the National Natural Science Award. In the early 1980s, he set up the Institute of Molecular Biology in Nankai University and started his new research endeavor from the cross point of chemistry and biology.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.