姚劇《王陽明》在臺灣

王陽明在海峽兩岸乃至世界各地具有廣泛影響，把這一歷史名人搬上舞臺，是海峽兩岸文化交流的最好品牌。臺灣觀眾非常崇敬王陽明。浙江省余姚市藝術劇院在臺灣陽明山下、陽明公園之畔，演出新編姚劇歷史劇《王陽明》，場場滿座，掌聲如潮。姚劇《王陽明》感動臺灣，而臺灣觀眾爭看《王陽明》的盛況又讓人感動。

“浙江的姚劇要來臺灣演出了。”在臺灣的戲劇愛好者和浙江籍的父老鄉親奔走相告，大家都盼望能在家門口一睹姚劇《王陽明》的風采。演出受到臺灣各界廣泛關注，臺灣30多家媒體參加了新聞發布會，演出當天下午售票窗口就排起了長隊，浙江老鄉扶老攜幼真想先睹為快，隊伍里老者竟有90多歲，最小的10多歲。一位臺灣花蓮的中年婦女從花蓮坐了3小時的火車特意趕到新北，為的是親眼看上姚劇《王陽明》。“我是朗霞人”“阿拉是余姚人”，在演出處休息廳大家互相噓寒問暖，家長里短，鄉音親情，陣陣笑聲久久回蕩。

王陽明是中國明代著名思想家、哲學家、教育家和軍事家，是中國五千年文明史中“立德、立功、立言”三不朽的先哲名賢。對于《王陽明》在臺灣的成功演出，演出團團長潘銀浩表示，戲劇是溝通心靈和情感的橋梁，王陽明的思想是海峽兩岸共同的文化財富。姚劇《王陽明》的交流演出，使臺灣人民更深地了解王陽明，了解姚劇，認識浙江，增進了兩岸之間的深情厚誼。

一曲鄉音，喚起濃濃思鄉情。2月15日晚，姚劇《王陽明》在臺北市社教館城市舞臺進行首場演出，拉開了第五屆“臺灣·浙江文化節”的帷幕。能容納1000多人的城市舞臺內座無虛席。華燈初上，臺灣知名人士、文化藝術界人士和觀眾從四面八方趕到城市舞臺觀看演出。這些觀眾中，不乏帶有濃重浙江口音和講余姚話的戲迷。在之后臺中、新北等城市的演出中，很多浙籍鄉賢前來觀看。精美壯麗的舞臺藝術、清婉動聽的戲劇樂曲、扣人心弦的劇情和演員精彩的演出讓他們深深迷醉。姚劇《王陽明》在臺灣的演出幾乎場場爆滿。余姚市藝術劇院這次專門推出了繁體字字幕，以解決余姚方言的理解障礙，讓臺灣觀眾更好地了解姚劇，了解《王陽明》。演出中觀眾一次次為生動的劇情和精彩的演出所感動，掌聲、喝彩聲一陣接著一陣，演出結束又久久不愿離去，演員們在臺上鼓掌歡送，許多臺灣觀眾紛紛要演員簽名留念，有的還拿出相機與演員合影，場面熱烈親切、叫人感動。

祖籍浙江余姚的國民黨副秘書長、臺灣立法機構委員洪秀柱，對家鄉和姚劇懷有深深的感情。洪秀柱喜愛姚劇，緣于去年一次回家鄉探親。在余姚時，她第一次聽說家鄉還有姚劇。之后，又第一次看到藝術劇院院長壽建立表演姚劇。瞬間，她被姚劇吸引了，隨即拜壽建立為師。從此，姚劇在她心中深深扎下了根。

2月14日在臺北舉行的《王陽明》演出記者會上，洪秀柱親臨出席，積極向與會記者推介起姚劇。她說：“我的父親是余姚人，我為我是余姚人感到驕傲，我對姚劇非常感興趣，姚劇音韻優美動聽，感覺親切，大家可嘗試學唱。而且王陽明‘致良知、知行合一’的精神，是非常值得我們學習的。”在臺灣演出期間，洪秀柱女士還在百忙之中抽出時間，兩次專程趕到劇場看演出。每次演出結束后，洪秀柱與演員們親切握手，一一合影留念，祝賀演出圓滿成功。在臺灣的最后一場演出，她也趕來觀看，演出結束，余姚市文化局長和新北市文化局長上臺互贈禮物，洪秀柱也走上舞臺問大家：“今天的演出精彩不精彩啊？”“精彩！”全場又一次響起雷鳴般的掌聲。

一些浙江老鄉在看戲時，都是帶著下一代來追憶故鄉。在臺北社教館城市舞臺，我們遇到了一位老家在溫嶺的浙江老鄉，她說非常喜歡浙江戲劇。這次從媒體上得知姚劇團來演出，她帶著10歲的孫子，足足經歷了兩個多小時的路程前來看戲；還有一位腿部患有關節炎的大娘，上午在看醫生時偶然得知姚劇團來演出，不顧行路不便，特地來到劇場，興致勃勃地看完了全場。

“姚劇太棒了！”余姚市藝術劇院在臺灣的傾情演出，不僅深受當地浙江老鄉的熱烈歡迎，而且受到臺灣觀眾的認同和喜愛。劇團每到一個城市演出，當地政要、知名人士和一些經濟界人士有的敬獻花籃、有的觀看演出。在新北市，當地公務員打卡機的熒屏上，也有姚劇《王陽明》的宣傳劇照，希望工作人員踴躍觀看。有4位在新北市工作的女觀眾在下午下班后坐著“捷運”趕到臺北來看戲，她們說，在讀書時就知道王陽明的學術思想，這次是懷著對王陽明的崇敬之心來看戲的，就是想知道劇本是怎樣把王陽明的一生貫穿起來。看了演出以后覺得劇情很好，王陽明的思想讓她們深受感動。

文化搭“橋”，交流合作。家住花蓮的臺灣舞蹈工作者吳雪月得知姚劇要在新北市演出后，便和其他兩位舞蹈工作者一起坐了3個小時的火車從花蓮趕到新北，觀看了《王陽明》；知名藝人白冰冰、張琇雅等眾多演藝界人士也前來觀看了演出。這些內行不放過任何精彩細節，每到會意處，總是會響起充滿激情的掌聲，演出結束后，還與劇團演員進行了藝術上的磋商、交流。吳雪月認為這種用戲劇的方式來呈現，可以讓更多的年輕人了解王陽明。她很希望以后有機會與姚劇工作者進行藝術上的合作交流。臺灣知名藝人白冰冰連看了兩場，她說：“這個戲太動人了，我真的無法控制自己的眼淚，相信所有看了演出的觀眾都會有這樣的感受，因為我們是那樣強烈地需要陽明精神，感謝你們為臺灣送來《王陽明》。希望姚劇能常來演出，這樣的文化交流越多越好。”

演出超出了預期目標，《王陽明》赴臺演出獲得了圓滿成功，引起了廣大媒體的熱切關注。演出期間，各大媒體盛贊這是兩岸藝術交流的又一件盛事。新華網、《人民日報》海外版、《浙江日報》等媒體對《王陽明》演出進行了報道。臺灣眾多媒體也對《王陽明》演出進行了報道。《旺報》甚至用整版的篇幅，圖文并茂地介紹了姚劇《王陽明》和壽建立人物專訪，“東森電視”等電視媒體也報道了“臺灣·浙江文化節”的新聞和姚劇《王陽明》的演出新聞。據初步統計，共有兩岸40余家媒體50多名記者參與了此次活動的報道。在宣傳《王陽明》的同時，也擴大了余姚的知名度和影響力。

姚劇早在2008年就被列入了國家級非物質文化遺產保護名錄。姚劇以音樂流暢、活潑見長，曲調節奏明快，唱詞純樸通俗，生活氣息濃郁，道白通俗易懂。姚劇《王陽明》大膽突破舊的戲劇結構模式，采取了篇章式的傳紀體。全劇通過對王陽明一生中幾個重要時期的截取，完整地展現了王陽明這位明代先賢的生平和思想。該劇獲第六屆中國戲劇文學獎金獎、浙江省第十一屆戲劇節新劇目大獎等獎項。

余姚市藝術劇院院長壽建立五十開外，就是姚劇《王陽明》中王陽明主要扮演者。盡管姚劇已經有250多年的歷史，但一向是以表演現代題材見長。這次演繹古裝歷史題材戲，對這位王陽明的扮演者來說，可是一個不小的挑戰。他以自己的獨特而優美的嗓音，活脫脫地表演了王陽明一生的坎坷和離奇，為表演王陽明的剛正不阿，壽建立在關鍵詞的唱功中用陽剛之氣感染觀眾。在第二場表演王陽明受刑一場戲中，壽建立大膽創新，把原來姚劇從未用過的“甩發”用來表演王陽明的內心世界，他練了數百次的“甩發”常常贏得滿堂喝彩。壽建立說：“當我在演出時，看到觀眾們在臺下熱情地鼓掌。演出后，觀眾又爭著和我們合影，讓演員簽名，讓我無比激動，永生難忘。”

這次演出活動也是第五屆“臺灣·浙江文化節”的主打項目，由浙江省文化藝術交流促進會，臺北、新北、臺中市政府主辦，寧波市文化廣電新聞出版局等單位合辦。在為期10余天的時間里，演出團先后在臺北、臺中和新北市演出5場。王陽明這一名賢的偉大人格、充滿濃郁地方特色的戲劇藝術魅力傾倒了臺灣觀眾。□

Yaoju Opera Shows Life of Local Celebrity in Taiwan

By Liu Ke， Li Rongrong， Chen Yajie， Qiu Mingliang

Wang Yangming (1472-1529)， a great scholar and philosopher in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)， is an influential figure on the mainland and in Taiwan. Wang was a native of Yuyao， now a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Ningbo， a port city in eastern Zhejiang Province. Wang is a popular figure in Taiwan for various reasons. He is a famous thinker， philosopher， educator and general. In the history of 5，000-year Chinese civilization， the great scholar plays a unique role: he is considered a giant of virtue， accomplishment， and thought. He was highly admired by Chiang Kai-shek. The ruler of Taiwan for decades after he retreated to the island province， Chiang renamed a hill in Taipei Mount Yangming and had his residence built there.

The Yuyao Art Theater visited Taiwan in mid February， 2011， on behalf of Zhejiang Province to participate the fifth annual Taiwan-Zhejiang Festival. It staged a history drama named “Wang Yangming”. The premiere was in Taipei on February 15. Altogether the troupe mounted five performances during its ten-plus-day stay in Taiwan.

The play was a great success. It was warmly applauded by those whose ancestral roots are in Yuyao and those who took great interest in the scholar.

The Taiwan media covered the event extensively. The press conference for the premier was held on February 14， attended by journalists from over 30 media organizations. On the afternoon of the premiere night， people formed a long queue to buy tickets， most of them being natives of Zhejiang in general and of Yuyao in particular.

On the night of February 15， 2010， the curtain was raised on Wang Yangming， a starter for the launching of the Taiwan-Zhejiang Festival. The venue was the Metropolitan Hall at Taipei Culture Center and the theater with 1，000 seats was full.

The play was most acclaimed by those whose ancestral roots are in Zhejiang. Some came with their adult children to watch the play， considering it an opportunity to show the cultural charms of hometown to their children and grand children. A woman from Wenling in southern Zhejiang walked for two hours with her 10-year-old grandson to reach the Metropolitan Hall. A granny visiting a doctor for the treatment of her leg arthritis happened to learn about the visiting Yaoju Troupe and came to watch the play. The Metropolitan Hall’s lounge became a meeting place for those who were from Yuyao. The Yuyao dialect was heard everywhere.

Local residents in Taiwan loved the play too. Politicians， celebrities， and business people sent flowers to the performances. Audiences changed gradually. Zhejiang natives made up the majority of the audience attending the premiere in Taipei. Then more and more young people showed up in following performances. The last show in Xinbei City attracted the young accounting for more than the half of the audience.

In order to make the Yuyao dialect used in the play easy to understand， the subtitle in traditional Chinese characters used in Taiwan was provided.

Wang Yangming as a philosopher is best known in Taiwan for his two major propositions: “knowledge and action are one” and “behave in good conscience.” Many residents came to watch the play because they wanted to find out how a regional opera from Zhejiang portrayed the great scholar they respected.

Members of school board of directors of Yangming Middle School of Taipei (a school named after the great scholar) came to watch the play. Afterwards， they came backstage and held a discussion with the troupe members on how to further promote Wang’s ideology. The school planned to visit Wang’s former residence and academy in Yuyao in conjunction with Yangming University and Yangming Academy， both being higher education institutions in Taiwan， which are also named after the great philosopher.

The more-than-expected success of the Yaoju Opera performances in Taiwan attracted the attention of media. Fifty-plus journalists from 40 media across the straits covered the drama event. The media unanimously applauded the event as a big promotion of cultural exchanges across the straits.

Yaoju Opera started in the years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The 250-year-old regional opera genre has been a national intangible cultural heritage since 2008. The opera is celebrated for its flowing and lively melody and easy and everyday-life lyrics with a repertoire of a lot of modern plays. “Wang Yangming” breaks away from traditional drama structure by portraying a number of key stages in Wang’s life. It looks very much as if the play displays a few chapters of a biography depicting the scholar’s life and ideology. The play won a gold medal at the 6th China Drama Literature Award in November 2010 and an award at the 11th Zhejiang Theater Festival in December 2010.

The subtitle of Wang Yangming has been translated into Japanese. Yuyao Art Theater is ready to launch the play in Japan where Wang Yangming and his thought are influential.□