奧地利剪紙獻藝浙江

當描龍畫鳳的傳統剪紙與歐洲浪漫文明相遇，當精雕細琢的寫實技藝與童話魔幻風格邂逅，當歷經千年文化洗禮的中國剪紙藝術在遙遠異域的奧地利生根發芽、煥發青春，你是否可以想象一場滲透著維也納風情的奧地利剪紙藝術將如何感染中國民眾？

2011年10月22日，由奧地利對華友好及文化關系促進協會、浙江省人民政府新聞辦公室、奧地利凱靈博物館聯合舉辦的奧地利剪紙藝術展在杭州、紹興兩地分別開展。市民們可以通過傳統剪紙手藝，了解歐洲的歷史文化，體驗西方剪紙的神秘與魅力。

奧地利剪紙的藝術風格——浪漫、黑色

據說，剪紙藝術從16世紀傳入歐洲后綿延不斷，歷史上安徒生、歌德等名人都親手制作過剪紙作品。而剪紙在奧地利的流傳與發展更有著悠久的歷史。中國剪紙喜愛用牡丹、十二生肖、龍鳳、仕女、古老的神話人物等作為主體，而奧地利剪紙卻常常選用玫瑰、菖蒲、鳶尾等花卉，安徒生童話故事中的王子公主、文學作品中的男女主人公甚至魔幻風格的虛構人物。出現在紙面上的奧地利自然花卉、人物風景、民俗風情，整體呈現出恬淡從容、深沉內斂的浪漫氣質。

此次展覽共展出奧地利6位剪紙藝術家的196件253幀精美作品，其中在杭州下城區文體中心展出的是其中4位藝術家的80件108幀作品，包括奧地利最著名的剪紙藝術家約瑟芬娜·阿爾瑪雅的珍貴杰作。她出生墻紙、繪畫、剪紙藝術世家，一生共創作了約3000多件剪紙作品，曾在美國紐約、奧地利維也納、瑞士庫爾等地展出，深受世界各地剪紙愛好者的歡迎。本次展覽的很多作品都涉及《圣經》《瑪岑的傳說》《一千零一夜》等名著內容，既有簡約的人物剪影、剪紙漫畫，也有抽象的魔幻風格表現系列。不少剪紙作品還利用各色彩紙襯底，一幅作品往往是黑色背景剪紙與好幾層彩紙疊加而成，色彩豐富，視覺沖擊力強，觀者宛若游走在一個布滿畫作的畫廊中。

“以前一直以為剪紙只是中國的絕活，沒想到外國人的剪紙水平也這么高。”“會剪紙的不僅是中國人。中奧兩國剪紙各有千秋呀！”這場奧地利剪紙展吸引了許多市民，一邊觀看一邊不住地贊嘆奧地利剪紙手藝的精巧。據現場一位熟悉剪紙藝術的人士介紹，我國的剪紙最常用的是紅色，因此總是顯得喜氣洋洋，奧地利剪紙更喜歡用黑色作為背景。“剪紙是一門非常耗時、難度很大的技藝，雖然兩國的剪紙風格不盡相同，但藝術卻是相通的。”

剪紙展是中奧建交40周年的一個交流項目

此次展覽作為中奧建交40周年的交流項目之一，為中奧兩國人民的友誼架起了一座藝術的橋梁。剪紙作為民間藝術的基本形式之一，表現出濃厚的民俗民風與生活氣息，并具有獨立的文化內涵。無論中外，剪紙藝術創作者的靈感均來源于生活，是他們對生活、自然的認識、感悟，也是他們內心情感的一種表達。因此，即使是同樣一個主題，剪紙藝術可以隨著人物、時間、情感的變化而絞剪出完全不同的樣貌和形狀。正是強烈的個性表達方式使得剪紙這種古老藝術深藏了一份千古不敗的內在魅力，從東方到西方，從古代到現代，生生不息。

據悉，本次來華展出的剪紙作品均出自奧地利下奧州凱靈博物館，該館也是奧地利最大的剪紙收藏博物館，以收藏民間藝術和剪紙聞名。凱靈博物館的剪紙收藏，如今已成了與剪紙故鄉中國聯系的橋梁，館藏的2000多幀剪紙藝術作品中，有200多幀出自中國。該館所在的下奧州，也是浙江省的友好省州，今年恰逢雙方結好10周年。□

Austria Shows Paper

Cutting Art in Zhejiang

By Zhu Fengjuan

The Austrian Paper Cutting Art Exhibition， jointly sponsored by the Zhejiang Provincial Information Office and Austrian-Chinese Friendship Association (OGCF)， opened in the Culture and Sports Center of Hangzhou Xiacheng District on October 22nd. It concluded on October 30th.

The year 2011 marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Austria. As part of a series of cultural exchange activities in celebration of the ties， the exhibition was held in Hangzhou and Shaoxing separately. One hundred and ninety-six paper-cut artworks by Austria’s six most famous female paper-cutting masters were on display.

The art of paper cutting， which originated in China about 2，000 years ago， was first introduced to Austria in the 16th century and it was from the central European country that the art spread to other parts of Europe. It is said that Danish fairytale writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) and German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) made paper-cutting artworks.

Austria has witnessed the flourishing of the art in particular and the Austrian paper cutting has developed some unique features. In China， paper-cutting artists prefer themes such as peony， zodiac animals， beautiful girls and mythic figures whereas in Austria paper-cutting artworks feature themes such as roses， sweet flags and iris as well as characters from classics such as fairytales by Anderson. After seeing the exhibition in Hangzhou， an expert pointed out a key difference between Chinese paper cutting and its Austrian counterpart: Chinese artists value color red whereas Austrian artists favor black as the backdrop tint.

The most famous of the six female artists on display in Hangzhou and Shaoxing was Josefine Allmayer (1904-1977)， presumably the best paper-cut master of Austria. She created more than 3，000 paper-cutting artworks in her lifetime and held exhibitions in Vienna and New York， among other international art centers. Some exhibits in Hangzhou were illustrations for Bible and Arabian Nights. Some were silhouettes and caricatures and some were in an abstract style. Some of Allmayer’s paper-cutting masterpieces were colored pieces on a black background， creating a poignant visual effect.

Visitors in Hangzhou responded warmly to the artworks. Some visitors said they were amazed and surprised by the superb artistry of the Austrian paper-cutting masters. Many said they realized for the first time that foreigners could also be paper-cutting masters.

All the exhibits came from Museum Kierling in Lower Austria， a state of Austria. Celebrated for its collection of folk artworks， the museum has Austria’s largest collection of paper cutting artworks. Of more than 2，000 paper-cutting works of art in the collection， about 200 are from China.

Lower Austria， the northeasternmost state of the nine states in Austria， is a friendship twin with Zhejiang Province. The year 2011 marks the 10th anniversary of the founding of the friendship partnership between Lower Austria and Zhejiang. □