



古往今來,德清堪稱民風淳樸、尚德重義之地。
如今,遍布全縣鄉村的一座座和美鄉風館星羅棋布,形形色色的村落文化得以巧妙呈現。它既是鄉村人文地理和現代社會文明的交匯點,又是富有泥土氣息的村史民俗館和當代鄉賢祠。同時,也是村民百姓實現自我教育、培育文化自覺的理想場所。
和美鄉風 精彩演繹
新市鎮白彪村歷史人文底蘊深厚,猶如一顆鑲嵌于苧溪漾畔的水鄉明珠。早在2005年,白彪村通過挖掘整理本土豐厚的歷史人文資源,建成全縣第一個鄉村名人館,各地參觀者絡繹不絕,白彪村也因此而遠近聞名。如今,白彪村和美鄉風館先聲奪人,令人大開眼界。
彪溪地處東橫港、寺后川等河流匯合處,圣堂港橫貫全村。瓦屋整齊,河埠方正,屋宇相接,戶戶毗鄰。村里至今還遺存唐代精美的石刻經幢、古樸的清代石拱橋等歷史文物,傳統民間藝術如串燈皮影戲、挑箱灘簧戲;聞名江浙滬的舊木交易市場及特色農副漁產品等均入展鄉風館。讓村民津津樂道的是一位特殊的“村民”,年逾八旬、現離休在家的許周瑛老太太,當年曾參加中國青年遠征軍20軍204師611團,奔赴滇緬抗日戰場。開館那天,許老太太興致勃勃參觀鄉風館,回家后欣然揮毫書寫“和美鄉風”四個大字,表達心意。
2010年9月下旬,白彪村和美鄉風館還上了央視新聞聯播節目,成為村民百姓們的美談。淳樸的民風演繹為一筆最大的財富,前些日子,3名孔子故里山東曲阜客商來德清,當他們參觀完白彪村和美鄉風館,了解村里一樁樁誠信禮讓的故事后,當即簽了貿易合同。客人還豎起大拇指說:“在這樣的地方做生意交朋友,十分有幸!”
“年豬飯”美 熱鬧祥和
筏頭鄉后塢村青山綠水空氣清新,秀美獨特的地理環境成為鄉風館最大亮點。他們吸收了專業環境設計師的建議,將舊的大禮堂翻新改造修葺,鋪設了山溪邊撿來的鵝卵石,以原木翠竹為設計元素,向村民征集了不少山鄉日常生產農具和生活用具,以實物布展,讓人觸手可及。人們一踏進鄉風館,那種塵封已久的山里人家過往的歷史記憶就被喚醒。
后塢村盛產毛竹、小竹等山貨,山民通過余英溪把山貨運往大江南北。山溪一年四季不枯竭,每年放排兩次,上半年放“楊梅紅”、下半年放“白露排”。山民將毛竹捆扎成竹排,有時扎成兩層,后面還拖上一排。順水流漂放至筏頭秋水潭,再轉運武康等地。
每年白露后四日,山農用長柄鉤梢刀削下毛竹的竹梢和壯枝,在陽光下曬干,扎成2.5公斤的把子,稱“掃把”。一種從“二節龍梢”中精選出來的“金枝”,是毛料中的上品,做成笤帚光潔考究,色澤金黃,為東北地區民間閨女出嫁時必不可少的“嫁妝”。
每逢臘月中旬,后塢山村家家戶戶都宰頭毛豬,請親朋好友來聚餐,席上有紅燒肉、咸菜燒肉、炒豬肝、豬血湯等菜肴,寓意共同品嘗好菜好酒,祝福來年風調雨順、六畜興旺。這年俗也吸引都市游客紛至沓來,品嘗山里人家的“年豬飯”,如此熱鬧歡樂場景再上央視,在熒屏播放。
桑蠶文化 鄉村名片
走進新市鎮厚皋村,最吸引眼球的是桑蠶文化主題公園,園內栽種千年老桑樹,修建蠶花涼亭、古代蠶文化漫畫墻。全長100多米的蠶文化長廊,采用水鄉木廊結構建造,用木板刻字后搬上了長廊白墻,內容豐富多彩,不僅有本村土生土長的現代養蠶能手、省勞模陳子松的事跡介紹,還刻有宋代詩人楊萬里的《詠蠶詩》、清朝李宗昉的《蠶事二十詠》等,重點介紹新市蠶花廟會、國家級非物質文化遺產《掃蠶花地》,以及祭蠶神、蠶花生日、請蠶花、戴蠶花、點蠶花燈、點蠶花火、燒田蠶、栽火桑、上蔟、浴種等十種民間傳統蠶俗,彰顯了江南水鄉桑蠶文化的地域特色。
“歡迎大家來到厚皋村和美鄉風館!我是新市中心小學504班的周瑩……在我們鄉風館里,有兩位全國有名的先進人物的介紹:道德模范、拉煤老人陸松芳和中國十大創新企業家宋云昌;還有兩位省勞模及兩位“蠶花娘娘”,同時還陳列了水鄉地區養蠶用的126件生產和生活用具。”簡潔熱情的開場白一下子激起了前來參觀的大人們的興致。
文風昌盛 物阜民豐
東舍墩村自古文風昌盛,村民十分重視子女的文化教育。1978年恢復高考以來,人口只有1600余人的村莊,卻涌現出近200名大學生,成為享譽全市名副其實的“高考上線第一村”。畢業之后,先后有百名新老大學生回村“獻智”。
上世紀80年代初,東舍墩村輝山古塔下曾出土一批良渚文化時期的珍貴文物。在鄉風館籌建過程中,他們不遺余力搜集整理民間故事、神話傳說和戲曲歌謠等村落文化,其中包括搶救了即將失傳的中國桑蠶文化活標本《蠶花謠》,現已被列入浙江省非物質文化遺產名錄。在他們的建議下,館內還專門設立民間藝人湯小娥大娘的剪紙工作室,通過現場演示向參觀者展現剪紙這項非遺手工技藝。
“家鄉村莊變美了、生活富裕了、社會和諧了、村民文明素質提高了,真為家鄉鄉村文明進步而自豪高興!”剛參觀完村里的和美鄉風館,南京信息工程大學遙感學院院長、研究生院常務副院長邱新法感慨萬千。北京理工大學管理與經濟學院市場營銷系主任倪躍峰博士格外激動,專程乘飛機從北京返鄉為故里的發展“獻智”。 這些畢業于東西南北的大學生中,既有早年的平凡工作者,又有新興的管理人才,還有從事國家航空航天事業的教授專家。一場別開生面的“大學生群英會”為鄉風館平添了一種文化學術氣息,為東舍墩村的未來發展描繪了一幅新藍圖。“有這么多從家鄉走出去的專家教授、年輕學者的關心支持,相信東舍墩村的明天會更美好!”村支書張小樂一直笑得沒合攏嘴巴。
與時俱進 綻放異彩
時光荏苒,不少寶貴的村落歷史文化正在不知不覺中消失,那些悠久的桑蠶文化、絲綢文化、稻耕文化等,通過鄉風館得以保護和展示,令人欣慰。省級文化示范村鐘管村新建了紀念館和雕塑主題公園,專門展示本村歷史名人——清光緒年間外交特使傅云龍的事跡、石刻及研究資料。開發區郭肇村新建歷史文化名人姚氏主題公園,村里傳統舞蹈——葉球燈民俗表演別開生面。乾元鎮聯合村鄉風館還附設一支26人的民間舞龍隊——聯合老龍隊,持續10年亮相浙北乾龍燈會。金火村精心打造現代作家、學者俞平伯紀念館。這些都為鄉風館增添了文化底蘊和亮色。
莫干山鎮南路村將百年崔氏祠堂改造成古色古香的鄉風館,村里的少年作家崔利靜潛心創作長篇小說《零落》的經歷得以展示介紹。紫嶺村鄉風館為當地名茶“莫干黃芽”等茶文化作了宣傳與推介。
鐘管鎮曲溪村有“中醫之源,柳器之鄉”之美譽,通過挖掘本村名揚四海的浙北曲溪灣百年中醫文化及中醫外科源流演變史、本地傳統手工技藝柳器編織業等人文資源,使鄉風館個性鮮明,優雅大方。
1943年,浙西行署德清縣戰時流動政府十余人流亡到太湖南岸一個名叫戈亭的小村落,聚在枯黃的蘆叢中圍爐煨山芋,融雪烹清茶。面對熊熊篝火,取紙張筆硯奮筆疾書,感懷河山淪喪,詩箋飛舞,槍聲響起……日后,同仁詩集《戈亭風雨集》,為40年代浙江省唯一一部抗戰詩歌集。這段鮮為人知的歷史在鐘管鎮戈亭村鄉風館內如實展示。
上柏村書記李銘介紹說,如今在農村,特別是年輕一代,對鄉村人文歷史知之甚少。隨著鄉村不斷變遷,許多寶貴的村落文化眼看著要消失,和美鄉風館正積極發揮搶救、保護和培育村落文化的功能,還能使傳承積淀千年、特色鮮明、農民群眾喜聞樂見的地方草根文化發揮比外來文化更有效的教育功能。上柏村鄉風館里展示的“十大第一”特色更讓人耳目一新。
武康鎮民進村新建了鄉村公園,入口處造有一座中式建筑知樂亭,花團錦簇,新建的“鄉村大舞臺”與古樸的鄉風館相毗鄰。村民三三兩兩在公園散步或健身,男女老少心情舒暢。白墻黛瓦整潔寬敞的和美鄉風館與村圖書館合二為一。館內,老人駐足觀看展板,孩子在書桌前全神貫注閱讀。窗外,夕陽西下,炊煙裊裊,一幅美麗鄉村詩意生活的畫面令人愉悅。這是現代和美家園鄉村文明的最好詮釋。□
Deqing and Its Local Culture Centers
By Zhou Jianghong
Deqing, a rural county under the jurisdiction of Huzhou City in the north of Zhejiang Province, is a beautiful country area with a long history of culture and tradition. As one of the most developed areas in Huzhou, Deqing has experienced an all-round growth.
The rural county is well known for delightful landscape, rich historical culture, and gathering of talents. Of the large number of historical and cultural celebrities of Deqing are Meng Jiao, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty (618-906) and Shen Yue, a great litterateur in Southern Dynasty (1127-1279).
In an effort to boost cultural reconstruction across the county, the government gives high priority to the construction of village cultural centers.
The cultural centers epitomize the county’s rich and varied village cultures highlighting history, folk custom, cultural tradition, and modern civilization. The cultural centers help preserve precious varied village cultures.
The village cultural centers aim to play distinct village character. The cultural center of Baibiao Village, erected in 2005, is the first and the most famous cultural center in Deqing.
Baibiao is a river village, where a few rivers converge. The village boasts a few precious historical relics such as a sutra pillar of the Tang Dynasty, a stone-arch bridge of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It also boasts a traditional folk shadow lantern show, the Tanhuang show, a second-hand timber market that attracts buyers from Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai, and distinctive agricultural and fish products. At the village’s cultural center, visitors can learn about them all.
Such a village cultural center was a sensation unheard of in Deqing. As soon as it opened its door, villagers flocked to Baibiao to look. People from far came too. One of them was Xu Guoying in her 80s, a veteran who was a soldier of the Chinese expedition to Burma during World War II. She wrote an inscription in honor of the village center. It also attracted the attention of China Central Television, the country’s largest television network. In late September 2010, CCTV reported the cultural center in its primetime news program. The success of the cultural center of Baibiao Village attracts a great numbers of tourists, creating enormous business opportunities and great fame to the village.
Villages in Deqing did not desire to be left behind. Village cultural centers have mushroomed, highlighting village tradition, community celebrities, distinct farming produce, history, anything that people are proud of.
Cultural centers themselves vary in content and form from village to village.
At Houwu Village, a refurbished memorial house serves as the cultural center. It uses bamboo as its design element and displays a large of collection of daily agricultural implements and life utensils from the local villagers.
Hougao Village boasts a silkworm park, where visitors can see age-old mulberry trees, a pavilion, and a 100-meter-long corridor that displays the village’s history, glory and lifestyle shaped by silkworm farming since ancient times. On display of the village cultural center are 126 implements for silkworm farming and life utensils and an introduction to some celebrated villagers, including tow men of national renown, two silkworm farmers who were honored at provincial level and two queens of local silkworm pageants.
The cultural center of Dongshendun Village displays a collection of folklores, myths, and village ballads and folksongs. A village grandma Tang Xiao’e shows off her paper-cutting art to visitors at the cultural center.
Zhongguan Village features an exhibition on Fu Yunlong, a village native and diplomatic special envoy of the Qing (1644-1911).
Geting Village shows off a poetry collection written in 1943 at its village center. The village was home to a dozen of government officials in 1943 when the county government had to move constantly during the war years. These petty government officials wrote these poems. It turns out that these were the only collection of war poems published in the 1940s in Zhejiang.
Cultural centers in Deqing County exhibit and preserve the colors and diversity of local distinct village cultures. They provide the young generation with a platform on history, culture and custom of their own village and provide the old generation with an opportunity to remember and examine a life they once led. The centers breed a future and inspire dreams.□