方健雯 趙增耀
摘 要:本文研究集群情境下企業創新投入的影響因素,并利用蘇州制造行業中3090家企業的數據進行了實證檢驗。研究發現產業集群能促進企業創新投入強度的提高;由于復雜知識的排他性,集群中的高技術企業會進一步加大創新投入,但聚集效應對創新投入的影響還與集群知識分布的不對稱性有關。由于具有外部技術來源,產業聚集中的外資企業會減少創新投入,但集群中采用市場機制進行創新的企業將會增加創新投入。
關鍵詞:集群;創新; 知識;溢出
中圖分類號:F062.3 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2012)01-0001-07
Innovation Factors of Clustered Enterprises: An Empirical Study of Suzhou
Manufacturing Industry
FANG Jian-wen, ZHAO Zeng-yao
(Business School of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China)
Abstract:This paper analyses whether firms located in clusters invest more in innovation by the data from 3090 manufacturing firms in Suzhou. The main results of the paper are as follows:(1)Geographical proximity can enhance firms innovation input. (2)Due to the sticky nature of knowledge, the level of firm-specific technological competence has a positive effect on clustered
firms R&D intensity, while the advantages is depend on the degree of asymmetry in technological competence among firms located in the cluster. (3)As expected, Foreign enterprises with alternative sources show a lower R&D intensity than their now-clustered counterparts.(4)Clustered firms that are actively engaged inpurposeful knowledge exchange through market mechanisms are more likely to exhibit a higher R&D intensity.
Key words:cluster; innovation; knowledge; spillover
1 引言
美國硅谷、印度的班加羅爾、臺灣的新竹等眾多成功產業集群的涌現,使得產業聚集的創新優勢也日益凸顯,這些成功產業集群的范例促使世界各地紛紛效仿這種集群式發展的模式。2007年出臺的《國家發展改革委關于促進產業集群發展的若干意見》明確提出了促進產業集群發展的總體思路和措施。各地區也根據當地的產業發展條件,陸續出臺了不少引導和鼓勵集群發展的政策。各地工業園區的建設也大多遵循了“園區集群化”的發展思路,通過自發和自主選擇園區的主導產業,各園區集群現象也越來越顯著[1]。
在這些產業集群中,有不少憑借當地獨特的產業專業化條件,取得了集群創新的成功。但也有不少產業集群不僅未能表現出強大的競爭力,甚至逐漸衰弱。還有些產業集群雖然目前發展態勢良好,但集群整體創新不足,因而存在不少隱憂。……