存在易耗部件的耐用品壟斷廠商策略研究

高永全 譚德慶 蘇昊

摘 要:本文依據一類特殊耐用品的使用特性，將該類耐用品分為耐用和易耗兩個部分。研究了兩階段情況下存在易耗部件的耐用品壟斷廠商的策略問題。結果表明:租賃純策略是壟斷廠商的最優選擇;第一階段的耐用品最優產量受到耐用品耐用度和第一階段易耗部件耐用度的雙重影響，但與第二階段易耗部件耐用度無關;第二階段耐用品的最優產量則受到耐用品耐用度、第一階段易耗部件耐用度和第二階段易耗部件耐用度的三重影響;第一階段易耗部件的最優價格隨耐用品耐用度的增加先遞減后遞增，而第二階段易耗部件的最優價格與耐用品耐用度無關，各階段易耗部件的最優價格只與同一階段易耗部件的耐用度負相關。

關鍵詞:耐用品;易耗部件;壟斷廠商;策略

中圖分類號:F224.32 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5192(2012)01-0070-05

Strategies for Durable Goods with Easy-to-wear Accessories Monopolist

GAO Yong-quan, TAN De-qing, SU Hao

(School of Economics & Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

Abstract:Based on the use characteristic of one special kind of durable goods, we divided the durable goods into two parts-durable part and easy-to-wear accessories(EWAs). We explore a two-stage model concerning on the strategies for the durable goods with easy-to-wear accessories monopolist. The results show that the pure leasing strategy is the monopolists optimal choice. The optimal output of durable goods of the first stage is affected by the durability of durable goods and the durability of EWAs of the first stage, but has no relationship with the durability of EWAs of the second stage. The optimal output of durable goods of the second stage is affected by the durability of durable goods, the durability of EWAs of the first stage and the second stage too. The optimal price of EWAs of the first phase, first decreased and then increased with the increment of the durability of durable goods, but the one of the second phase has no relationship with the durability of durable goods. The optimal price of EWAs in every stage only has negative correlation with the durability of EWAs in the same stage.

Key words:durable goods; EWAs; monopolist; strategies

1 引言

作為現代產業組織理論的重要研究內容之一，國內外學者在耐用品的研究中已取得了較為系統的理論成果。如有關耐用品的耐用度、時間不一致性、計劃廢棄、二手市場、逆向選擇等問題有著大量的研究成果。Swan［1］在70年代初提出了“最優耐用度”理論，認為最優耐用度的選擇與市場結構無關，廠商的壟斷勢力并不能對最優耐用度產生扭曲性影響。Coase［2］研究了耐用品壟斷廠商所面臨的時間不一致問題，并由此提出了影響深遠的“科斯猜想”。Stokey［3］和Bulow［4］在科斯猜想的基礎上得出了租賃能比銷售獲得更多利潤的結論。……