巧用關(guān)鍵詞復(fù)述故事

在聽說考試中，故事復(fù)述占滿分15分中的6分。在高考中，所謂“一分壓千軍”，每一分都是彌足珍貴的。但在近年高考中，較多考生在這一環(huán)節(jié)中得分較低。那么，考生如何才能有效地復(fù)述故事，獲取高分呢？

一、題型設(shè)計(jì)與復(fù)述要求

1. 故事梗概：一般是對(duì)故事內(nèi)容的一句話的概述。它一般簡明地包含人物、事件（起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果），有的還包括事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)。

2. 關(guān)鍵詞：包含與故事內(nèi)容相關(guān)的5個(gè)單詞或短語。主要是名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞。

3. 復(fù)述要求：要求考生盡可能用自己的語言復(fù)述，而且復(fù)述內(nèi)容應(yīng)涵蓋盡可能多的原文信息點(diǎn)。

4. 故事文體：一般為記敘文。

二、巧用關(guān)鍵詞復(fù)述故事

1. 聽前充分準(zhǔn)備。

（1）記錄重要信息。在錄音播放前，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)電腦屏幕顯示內(nèi)容，快速記錄故事梗概及五個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。一旦開始錄音，這些信息就會(huì)從屏幕上消失并不會(huì)再現(xiàn)，所以考生必須快速、認(rèn)真地做好筆記。

（2）展開聯(lián)想猜測。對(duì)考試內(nèi)容應(yīng)展開積極猜測及聯(lián)想。如關(guān)鍵詞：a bunch of， 其of 后的對(duì)象是什么詞呢？通過猜測，得出答案很可能是a bunch of flowers，這樣，就為獲取信息做了較為有效的準(zhǔn)備。

2. 聽中獲取信息。

考生在聽錄音中，首先應(yīng)聽懂故事大意，并獲取故事的基本信息：地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、事件（起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果）等。聽懂故事大意是應(yīng)用關(guān)鍵詞復(fù)述故事的前提，它是我們找出關(guān)鍵詞與故事中的人物及事件的聯(lián)系的必要條件。

3. 聽后整合故事。

錄音播放完畢后，考生需在一分鐘內(nèi)根據(jù)故事內(nèi)容，快速地整合故事。在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中，考生可利用所給詞匯，依據(jù)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系及修飾關(guān)系，找出相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯來組詞成句，連句成文。

（1）對(duì)于動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，可根據(jù)動(dòng)詞在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語成分，從故事中找出與其相關(guān)的主語（多為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者），即是弄清誰做了某事或某物發(fā)生了什么變化；

（2）對(duì)于名詞或名詞短語，可根據(jù)名詞或名詞短語在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ髡Z、賓語、表語等），找出與其構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞；

（3）對(duì)于形容詞，應(yīng)找出被其修飾的對(duì)象，即相關(guān)的名詞；

（4）對(duì)于介詞短語，應(yīng)找出被其修飾的名詞或與其相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞；

（5）添加必要的細(xì)節(jié)，完善要點(diǎn)信息，合理復(fù)述故事。

現(xiàn)以高考樣題為例，談?wù)勅绾卫藐P(guān)鍵詞復(fù)述故事。

步驟一：聽前充分準(zhǔn)備

1. 快速記錄重要信息。

（1）人物和事件：商人，團(tuán)隊(duì)，戰(zhàn)勝死亡

（2）關(guān)鍵詞：hire， read the stars， lose heart， courage， leadership

2. 展開聯(lián)想猜測。

如：商人雇用（hire）了一個(gè)能辨星象（read the stars）的人，帶領(lǐng)他們?nèi)ツ车鼗蜃瞿呈拢簧倘诉€是團(tuán)隊(duì)喪失信心（lose heart）和勇氣（courage），商人擁有很好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力（leadership），以自己的勇氣（courage）和堅(jiān)持，最終帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)勝死亡的威脅。

步驟二：聽中獲取信息。

1. 獲取故事大意。

A tradesman succeeded in leading his team to overcome the difficulties with his courage and perseverance.

2. 積極尋找關(guān)鍵詞與故事中的人物及事件的聯(lián)系。

步驟三：聽后整合故事。

根據(jù)詞匯修飾關(guān)系及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，連詞成句：

1. tradesman（n.） — hire（v.） — guide（n.） — read the stars（v.）

A tradesman hired a guide who could read the stars in order to lead his men to another country.

2. guide（n.） — fall asleep

The guide failed to get close to the other side of the desert because he fell asleep.

3. people in the group — lost heart and courage

People in the group lost heart and courage because of lacking water.

The tradesman didn’t lose heart and courage and succeeded in finding water.

4. tradesman（n.） —show（v.） — leadership（n.）

The tradesman in the story shows us great leadership.

步驟四：連句成文，復(fù)述故事。

One possible version：

According to the passage that I just heard， I know that a tradesman hired a desert guide， who could read the stars in order to lead his men to another country. The guide failed to get close to the other side of the desert that night， because he was very tired and fell asleep on the way. As a result， they returned to the same place after going a big wide circle. People in the group lost heart and courage because of lacking water， thinking they would die of thirst. However， the tradesman didn’t give up. Finally， he succeeded in finding water and they were all saved. The tradesman in the story shows us great leadership which is admirable.

錄音原文：

Once upon a time， a tradesman was leading his men to another country to sell his goods. Along the way they came to a hot-sand desert， and learned that no one can walk on it in the daytime. He hired a desert guide， who could follow the stars， so they could travel only at night. Then they began the dangerous night-time journey.

One night， the desert guide saw from the stars that they were getting close to the other side of the desert. But he was so sleepy that he fell into asleep. Then the camel couldn’t tell directions by reading the stars， and turned to the side and went in a big wide circle. The next morning， the people realized they were back to the same spot. They lost heart and began to cry. Since they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst， they began to blame the tradesman and the desert guide.

The tradesman thought to himself， “If I lose courage now， my leadership has no meaning.” So he began walking back and forth， trying to think out a plan to save them all. Suddenly， he noticed a small clump of grass. So he called over his fellow travelers and asked them to dig up the ground on that very spot. They dug and dug. Finally a flow of water emerged！ All the people were overjoyed. They drank and bathed happily.

（作者單位：梅州市五華安流中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青