院士風采

趙飛克1909.12.15～1976.02.04

結構力學專家。湖北鄂城人。1930年畢業于武漢大學工學院。1935年獲英國利物浦大學工學院碩士學位。中國科學院技術科學部副主任、教授。1936年回國后，任河北省立工學院、北平大學工學院、天津工商大學教授、延安大學秘書長。1937年參加革命。1949年后，任武漢市政府秘書長、建設局局長、湖南株洲鐵路工廠廠長、鐵道部設計局局長等。1955年起擔任中國科學院技術科學部專職副主任，為學部的建設和發展做出了貢獻。主要論著有《橋梁設計應力分析的新方法》和《武漢市碼頭改革資料匯編》等。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Specialist in mechanics of structure. Born in Echeng, Hubei Province. Graduated from the Institute of Technology, Wuhan University in 1930. Received M. Sc. From the University of Liverpool, UK in 1935. Professor and deputy director, Division of Technological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Since he returned home from abroad in 1936, Zhao was professor in Hebei Institute of Technology, Institute of Technology of Beiping University and Tianjin University of Technology and Commerce as well as secretary-general of Yan’an University. He joined the revolution in 1925. After 1949, he served as secretarygeneral of Wuhan Government and director of Wuhan Construction Bureau, Zhuzhou Railway Factory and Design Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, respectively. He became deputy director of the Division of Technological Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955 and made important contributions to the development of the Division. His main monographs include“ A New Method of Stress Analyses of Bridge Design”,“ Compilation of Wuhan Dock Reform”, etc…

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

侯德榜1890.08.09～1974.08.26

化工專家。福建閩侯人。早年考入清華大學留學預備學堂高等科。1916年獲美國麻省理工學院學士學位。1919年獲美國哥倫比亞大學碩士學位。1921年獲博士學位。化學工業部副部長、高級工程師。為我國化學工業的開發、建設和生產作出了卓越的貢獻，是我國近代化學工業的奠基人之一。在他的技術指導下，中國在20年代建立了亞洲第一大堿廠，生產出“紅三角”堿。1932年將《純堿制造》公之于世，為中外化工學者共享。1937年，主持建成具有世界水平的永利化學工業公司南京硫酸銨廠，開創了我國化肥工業的新紀元。1943年，首先在實驗室完成連續生產純堿和氯化氨的聯合制堿工藝。此法被世人稱為“侯氏制堿法”，為世界制堿技術開辟了一條新途徑，并得到了國際學術界的重視。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Chemical engineering expert. Born in Minhou, Fujian Province. Enrolled in the Preparatory School of Tsinghua University for further studies abroad. Received BS from MIT, USA in 1916, MS from Columbia University in 1919 and Ph.D. in 1921.Senior engineer and vice minister, Ministry of Chemical Industry.

Hou made outstanding contributions to the exploitation,development, construction and production of Chinese chemical industry and was one of the founders of China’s modern chemical industry. Under his technical guidance, Asia’s largest alkali plant was built up in China in the 1920s and“ Red Triangle”alkali was produced. His works“ Pure Alkali Manufacture”was published worldwide in 1932 and was commonly used by chemical engineering scholars both at home and abroad. In 1937,the world advance Nanjing Ammonium Sulfate Factory of Yongli Chemical Industry Company was successfully built under his directorship, creating a new era for Chinese chemical fertilizer industry. In 1943, the associated alkali manufacture process for continuously producing pure alkali and gas ammonium chloride was completed in his laboratory and was designated as“ Hou’s alkali manufacturing process”, which opened a new approach of the alkali manufacturing technology in the world and was highly esteemed by the international academic circle.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

錢令希1916.07.16～2009.04.20

工程力學家。江蘇無錫人。1936年畢業于上海國立中法工學院。1938年獲比利時布魯塞爾自由大學最優等工程師學位。大連理工大學教授、顧問。在國內最早發表了變分原理（余能原理）的研究。50年代初，寫出《靜定結構力學》和《超靜結構力學》兩本專著。1954年人武漢長江大橋顧問，后又參加南京長江大橋的規劃。60年代初，主持研究核潛艇殼體承載能力的研究，對殼體極限分析和穩定性方面的理論研究作出了開創性的貢獻。70年代初期，倡導把傳統的結構力學與現代化的電子計算技術結合起來，在中國建立“計算力學”，并已在工程結構優化設計方面做出顯著的成績，被廣泛應用于各個領域。1975年，主持設計大連油港棧橋工程，針對荷載條件與當地施工條件，成功地采用了百米跨度全焊空腹桁架式橋型，材料省，施工快，結構合理，外形美觀，在我國屬于首創。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Engineering mechanics specialist. Born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from China-France Institute of Technology in 1936. Received excellent engineer degree from the University Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium in 1938. Professor, president and consultant, Dalian University of Technology.

Qian was the first in China to study variational principle of complementary energy. In the early 1950s, he published two monographs, namely,“ Mechanics of Statically Determinate Structure” and“ Hyper Statically Determinate Structure”. In 1954, he was the advisor of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge Project and participated in the planning of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. In the early 1960s, he was engaged in the study of load-bearing capability of nuclear submarine shell and put forward the theory of limit analysis and stability of shell, which made an important contribution to the theory and practice of shell structures.In the early 1970s, he proposed to integrate structural mechanics with modern computer science to promote computational mechanics in China. Later, he made outstanding achievements in the research on optimal design of engineering structures applied widely in diverse engineering fields. In 1975, he was in charge of the construction of Dalian Loading Bridge over the sea which was composed of 9 spans, each being 100meters long and being made of all-welded open web truss type with parabolical top chord. It is economical in material, quick in construction, rational in structure and beautiful in shape.機械工程專家。原籍浙江紹興，生于天津。1939

陶亨咸1914.08.31～2003.07.23

年畢業于上海同濟大學工學院。機械工業部高級工程師。參與組織制定了我國第一個五年計劃中156項工程建設所需設備的研制規劃和設計制造，并協助指導建立起一批機械工業的科研機構。參與了我國1956年～1967年科技發展規劃和1963年～1972年科技發展規劃制定工作。首先提出了注意開展自行設計機電產品建議，積極推行產品設計的三個階段（技術任務書、技術設計、施工設計）程序。積極組織并推廣應用有限元法和價值工程，推動了我國無損檢測技術和摩擦技術的發展。推動并組織了斷裂力學、失效分析和設計方法學的學術研究和在我國工程技術中的應用。領導創辦了我國第一所工程師繼續工程教育的“機械工程師進修大學。”

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Mechanical engineering expert. Born in Tianjin. Graduated from the College of Technology, Shanghai Tongji University in 1939. Senior engineer, Ministry of Machine-Building Industry.

Tao participated in the organization and formulation of the planning, research, design and manufacturing of the equipment and facilities required for the construction of 156 projects during the First Five-Year Plan period and led the establishment of a series of scientific research institutions of machinery industry. Later, he participated in the formulation of the Chinese Long-Term Schemes for the Development of Science and Technology (1956～1967 and 1963～1973). He was the first to propose that attention should be given to self-designing the electric and machinery products. He actively generalized the application of the scientific working method for product design, prototype fabrication and evaluation. He practiced the three-phase procedure for the product design (technical task contract, technical design and construction design) and organized the application of finite element method and the value judgment project, expediting the development of the damage-free inspection technique and friction technique.He promoted research on rapture mechanics, fault analysis and design methodology as well as their application to the engineering technology in China. He set up the Training College for Mechanical Engineers, the first one in China of on-job education for engineers.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.