馬斯達(dá)爾城，阿布扎比,阿聯(lián)酋

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：福斯特及合伙人事務(wù)所

ARCHITECTS: Foster + Partners

1 總體規(guī)劃鳥(niǎo)瞰效果圖：輕軌系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)將城市與首都連接起來(lái)/Aerial visualisation of the masterplan showing the planned light-rail system linking the city with the capital.

2 城市中有遮蔽的街道/Visualisation of a shaded street within the city.

3 在屋頂光電板的遮蔽下的公共廣場(chǎng)（初期效果圖）/Early rendering of a public square, shaded by roof-mounted photovoltaic panels.

4 公共空間：周邊建筑立面向內(nèi)傾斜，遮擋了炙熱的陽(yáng)光/Visualisation of a public space, sheltered from the harsh sun by adjacent buildings, the facades of which lean inwards.

馬斯達(dá)爾城集最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)阿拉伯聚落的規(guī)劃原理于一身，意欲成為一個(gè)達(dá)到碳平衡和零排放的沙漠社區(qū)。該項(xiàng)目占地640hm2，作為阿布扎比政府大力推行的“馬斯達(dá)爾計(jì)劃”的核心步驟，馬斯達(dá)爾城將運(yùn)用最為先進(jìn)的再生能源和清潔能源技術(shù)來(lái)推進(jìn)一種不依存于原油的生活。整個(gè)城市將成為尖端能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的中心，并由此吸引更多高層次專家的到來(lái)。建造馬斯達(dá)爾城獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)被運(yùn)用到阿布扎比市的Estidama可持續(xù)建筑評(píng)級(jí)制度當(dāng)中。

作為一座多用途、低層、高密度的新城市，馬斯達(dá)爾城容納了國(guó)際可再生能源機(jī)構(gòu)的總部大廈以及最近剛剛竣工的馬斯達(dá)爾學(xué)院。阿布扎比的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也戰(zhàn)略性地設(shè)置于此，并由此通過(guò)現(xiàn)存的公路和鐵路將馬斯達(dá)爾城與其周邊社區(qū)以及國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)連接在了一起。這座城市將成為世界首例街道上無(wú)化石燃料車輛運(yùn)行的城市。用任意地點(diǎn)周邊200m范圍內(nèi)必然存在的快速交通系統(tǒng)和便利設(shè)施鼓勵(lì)步行交通的同時(shí)，在遮陽(yáng)系統(tǒng)蔭蔽下的街道和庭院又在極端的沙漠氣候當(dāng)中提供了具有魅力的步行環(huán)境。環(huán)繞這座城市的是風(fēng)能與光電農(nóng)場(chǎng)、試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)和發(fā)電站，在這些設(shè)施的支持下，馬斯達(dá)爾城得以成為一座完全能源自給的城市。

這座城市由兩個(gè)部分組成，一座帶狀公園將兩個(gè)部分連接起來(lái)。整座城市的建設(shè)分成若干個(gè)階段，并從面積較大的部分開(kāi)始建設(shè)。總體規(guī)劃的設(shè)定非常靈活，這使得城市的建設(shè)得以隨時(shí)融入最新的技術(shù)，并對(duì)前一階段的課題和經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。這座城市從建設(shè)初期就鼓勵(lì)擴(kuò)張，同時(shí)又致力于避免困擾很多城市的無(wú)計(jì)劃蔓延。馬斯達(dá)爾城的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)其特有的地理位置和氣候做出了反饋，同時(shí)其設(shè)計(jì)理念又可以被應(yīng)用于世界的任何一個(gè)角落。可以說(shuō)，馬斯達(dá)爾城為未來(lái)的可持續(xù)性城市提供了范本。□（李璠 譯）

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Gerard Evenden, Pedro Haberbosch, Tom Politowicz

造價(jià)/Cost: Cyril Sweet Limited

機(jī)電工程/ME: W.S.P Transsolar, ETA

景觀/Landscape: Gustafson Porter

Masdar City combines state-of-the-art technologies with the planning principals of traditional Arab settlements to create a desert community that aims to be carbon neutral and zero waste. The 640-hectare project is a key component of the Masdar Initiative, established by the government of Abu Dhabi to advance the development of renewable energy and cleantechnology solutions for a life beyond oil. The city will become a centre for the advancement of new ideas for energy production, with the ambition of attracting the highest levels of expertise. Knowledge gained here has already aided the development of Abu Dhabi's "Estidama" rating system for sustainable building.

A mixed-use, low-rise, high-density development, Masdar City includes the headquarters for the International Renewable Energy Agency and the recently completed Masdar Institute.Strategically located for Abu Dhabi's transport infrastructure, Masdar is linked to neighbouring communities and the international airport by existing road and rail routes. The city itself will be the first modern community in the world to operate without fossil-fuelled vehicles at street level. With a maximum distance of 200 metres to the nearest rapid transport links and amenities, the city is designed to encourage walking, while its shaded streets and courtyards offer an attractive pedestrian environment, sheltered from climatic extremes.The land surrounding the city will contain wind and photovoltaic farms, research fields and plantations,allowing the community to be entirely energy selfsufficient.

The development is divided into two sectors,bridged by a linear park, and is being constructed in phases, beginning with the larger sector. The masterplan is designed to be highly flexible, to allow it to benefit from emergent technologies and to respond to lessons learnt during the implementation of the initial phases. Expansion has been anticipated from the outset, allowing for growth while avoiding the sprawl that besets so many cities. While,Masdar's design represents a specific response to its location and climate, the underlying principles are applicable anywhere the world. In that sense it offers a blueprint for the sustainable city of the future.□

6 步行道層面與下方的個(gè)人快速交通(PRT)系統(tǒng)及公共設(shè)施/Diagrammatic visualisation showing the pedestrian level with Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system and utilities below.

7 太陽(yáng)能收集試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，許多用來(lái)測(cè)試效率和適宜性的項(xiàng)目之一/Pilot solar collector project, one of many that are being tested for efficiency and suitability.（攝影/Photo: Nigel Young/Foster+Partners）

8 為馬斯達(dá)爾學(xué)院和城市中的未來(lái)建筑提供電力的10兆瓦的光電太陽(yáng)能場(chǎng)/10 megawatt photo voltaic solar field that powers the Masdar institute and future buildings in the city.（攝影/Photo: Oliver Jackson）