陳麗芬 陸國民 周群燕 占強
·論著·
BISAP評分對急性胰腺炎嚴重程度及預后評估的臨床價值
陳麗芬 陸國民 周群燕 占強
目的通過與傳統的急性胰腺炎(AP)病情評分系統比較,了解急性胰腺炎嚴重程度床邊指數(BISAP)評分對AP嚴重程度及預后評估的臨床價值。方法回顧性分析2005年1月至2010年12月間收治的497例AP患者資料,分別進行BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson及Balthazar CT(CTSI)評分,評估病情嚴重程度。應用受試者工作曲線下面積(AUC)比較BISAP評分與其他各評分系統對AP嚴重程度及胰腺壞死、器官功能衰竭、患者病死發生的預測能力。結果497例患者中重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)101例,輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)396例,MAP組和SAP組患者的年齡、性別、病因分布差異無統計學意義。497例患者的BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分的平均分值分別為(1.08±1.01)、(5.79±4.00)、(1.69±1.59)分,兩兩相關(r值分別為0.612、0.568、0.577,P值均<0.001)。此外,SAP患者的BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分的分值均顯著大于MAP患者(P值均<0.01)。BISAP評分預測SAP的AUC值為0.762(95%CI0.722~0.799),陽性截止(cutoff)值為2分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為63.4%、83.1%、48.1%、89.4%;預測胰腺壞死的AUC值為0.711(95%CI0.612~0.797),cutoff值為2分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為84.6%、46.7%、35.5%、89.7%;預測器官衰竭的AUC值為0.777(95%CI0.683~0.854),cutoff值為2分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為93.1%、51.4%、43.5%、94.9%;預測患者病死的AUC值為0.808(95%CI0.718~0.880),cutoff值為3分,敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為83.3%、67.4%、25.6%、96.8%。BISAP評分與其他評分系統預測SAP各預后指標的差異均無統計學意義。結論BISAP評分對AP嚴重程度及預后的評估價值與其他傳統的評分系統相同,但其只有5項指標,且均可在入院24 h內采集,可以早期、簡便地預測SAP,值得在臨床推廣應用。
胰腺炎; 疾病嚴重程度指數; BISAP評分; 預后
臨床上大多數急性胰腺炎(AP)患者的病程呈自限性,20%~30%患者可發展為重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)。AP總體病死率為5%~10%[1]。如果在AP早期能對患者進行準確病情評估,將有助于對患者進行個體化治療,從而達到良好的治療效果并節省醫療資源。目前常用的評價AP嚴重程度的評分系統包括Ranson評分、APACHEⅡ評分、CTSI評分,但均各有利弊[2-6]。近年來,國外學者提出了一個新的評分系統[7],即為急性胰腺炎嚴重程度床邊指數(bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis, BISAP)。本研究應用BISAP系統對我院AP患者進行評分,并與傳統的評分系統進行比較,探討BISAP評分預測SAP的臨床應用價值。
一、臨床資料
收集2005至2010年期間我院收治的資料完整的AP患者,排除發病3 d后入院或在其他醫院治療超過3 d轉入我院的AP患者。診斷均符合中華醫學會消化病學分會胰腺病學組制定的標準[1],SAP診斷參照亞特蘭大標準(1992年)[8]。患者入院后根據病情采用禁食、胃腸減壓、抑酸、抑制胰酶分泌、改善微循環、酌情抗感染及補液等治療,必要時采用腸內營養對癥治療,有并發癥者采取相應的處理。
二、數據評分及分析
根據患者24 h內的病例資料進行APACHEⅡ評分、BISAP評分,根據患者48 h內的病例資料進行Ranson評分,對癥狀出現后3 d內行增強CT的患者行CTSI評分。比較BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分和Ranson評分預測SAP的價值,同時比較BISAP評分與Ranson評分、APACHE Ⅱ評分預測SAP患者胰腺壞死、器官衰竭和病死的價值,比較BISAP評分與CTSI評分預測SAP患者器官衰竭和病死的價值。
三、統計學處理

一、一般情況分析
本研究共收集患者497例,其中男性275例(55.3%),女性222例(44.7%),平均年齡(54±17)歲。病因:膽源性328例(66.0%),酒精性34例(6.8%),高脂血癥性50例(10.1%),特發性80例(16.1%),其他原因(手術、外傷、腫瘤)5例(1.0%)。SAP患者101例(20.3%),輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)患者396例(79.7%)。SAP患者中,發生器官衰竭29例(28.7%),出現胰腺壞死26例(25.7%),病死13例(12.9%)。兩組患者性別、年齡、病因具有可比性。
二、各評分系統分值分析
497例患者中,BISAP、APACHEⅡ、Ranson評分平均分值分別為(1.08±1.01)、(5.79±4.00)、(1.69±1.59)分,兩兩比較的相關系數分別為0.612、0.568、0.577,P值均<0.001。此外,SAP組3種系統的評分值均顯著大于MAP組(表1)。

表1 MAP組和SAP組患者各評分系統的分值
三、各評分系統預測SAP的價值
BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預測SAP的AUC值分別為0.762(95%CI0.722~0.799)、0.755(95%CI0.714~0.792)、0.801(95%CI0.763~0.835)。各評分系統間的差異無統計學意義(圖1a)。
根據約登指數計算出BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預測SAP的最佳cutoff值分別為2、8、3分,BISAP評分預測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為63.4%、83.1%、48.1%、89.4%;APACHEⅡ評分為59.4%、82.3%、46.2%、88.8%;Ronson評分為64.4%、86.4%、54.6%、90.5%,各組間差異無統計學意義。
四、各評分系統預測SAP預后的價值
1.預測SAP胰腺壞死:BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預測胰腺壞死的AUC值分別為0.711(95%CI0.612~0.797)、0.703(95%CI0.603~0.789)、0.704(95%CI0.605~0.791),各評分系統間差異無統計學意義(圖1b)。
3個評分的最佳cutoff值分別為2、13、5分。BISAP評分預測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為84.6%、46.7%、35.5%、89.7%;APACHEⅡ評分為53.9%、84.0%、53.8%、84.0%;Ronson評分為50.0%、84.0%、52.0%、82.9%,各評分系統間差異無統計學意義。
2.預測SAP器官衰竭:BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分、CTSI評分預測器官衰竭發生的AUC值分別為0.777(95%CI0.683~0.854)、0.811(95%CI0.721~0.882)、0.750(95%CI0.653~0.830)、0.675(95%CI0.574~0.765)。BISAP評分與其他3個評分系統的比較差異無統計學意義,但APACHEⅡ評分的AUC明顯大于CTSI評分(Z=2.174,P=0.030,圖1c)。
4個評分的最佳cutoff值分別為2、13、5、6分。BISAP評分預測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為93.1%、51.4%、43.5%、94.9%;APACHEⅡ評分為62.1%、88.9%、69.2%、81.6%;Ronson評分為51.7%、86.1%、60.0%、81.6%;CTSI評分為48.3%、95.8%、82.4%、82.1%,各評分系統間差異無統計學意義。
3.預測SAP患者的病死:BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分、CTSI評分預測患者病死發生的AUC值分別為0.808(95%CI 0.718~0.880)、0.796(95%CI0.705~0.870)、0.852(95%CI0.768~0.915)、0.868(95%CI0.787~0.927),各評分系統間差異無統計學意義(圖1d)。
4個評分的最佳cutoff值分別為3、13、5、6分。BISAP評分預測SAP的敏感性、特異性、陽性預測值、陰性預測值分別為83.3%、67.4%、25.6%、96.8%;APACHEⅡ評分為75.0%、80.9%、34.6%、96.0%;Ronson評分為83.3%、83.2%、40.0%、97.4%;CTSI評分為83.3%、92.1%、58.8%、97.6%,各評分系統間差異無統計學意義。

圖1BISAP評分、APACHEⅡ評分、Ranson評分預測SAP(a)、胰腺壞死(b)的ROC以及3種評分加上CTSI評分預測SAP病死發生(c)、器官衰竭(d)的ROC
亞特蘭大標準綜合評價了AP患者在疾病發生發展過程中的器官特異性(局部)及病理生理學(系統)的改變[9],但它不能滿足早期病情評估的需求。由于既往研究[9-10]將亞特蘭大標準作為診斷SAP的標準,故本研究采用亞特蘭大標準作為診斷SAP的依據。
Ranson評分和APACHEⅡ評分在臨床上被普遍應用于AP病情的評估。目前公認, Ranson評分≥3分或APACHEⅡ評分≥8分時提示SAP,這和本研究通過ROC曲線分析所得的Ranson評分和APACHEⅡ評分診斷SAP的最佳cutoff值一致。2007年Forsmark等[11]報道,Ranson評分預測SAP的敏感性為75%,特異性為77%,陽性預測值為49%,陰性預測值為91%,入院時APACHEⅡ評分預測SAP的敏感性為65%,特異性為76%,陽性預測值為43%,陰性預測值為89%。本組病例較之敏感性略低而特異性略高,這可能和病例樣本的差異有關。
BISAP評分體系是2008年Wu等[7]利用分類回歸數算法對2000年至2001年的212家醫院的17 992例AP患者進行研究,篩選出5個最能預測SAP的指標,應用這5項指標對177家醫院2004年至2005年間的18 256例AP患者進行評估,并與APACHEⅡ評分進行對比驗證后提出的。Papachristou等[12]報告,BISAP評分≥3分時預測SAP敏感性為37.5%,特異性為92.4%,陽性預測值為57.7%,陰性預測值為84.3%。本研究中通過ROC曲線分析得出BISAP評分預測SAP的最佳cutoff值為2分,當BISAP評分≥2分時,其診斷SAP的敏感性為61.4%,特異性為83.1%,陽性預測值為48.1%,陰性預測值為89.4%,相比之下敏感性高而特異性低。若采用BISAP評分≥3分進行SAP診斷時,其敏感性為38.6%,特異性為93.2%,陽性預測值為59.1%,陰性預測值為85.6%,則與Papachristou 等的研究結果相似。
本研究結果顯示,與APACHEⅡ、Ranson、CTSI評分系統比較,BISAP評分在預測SAP的敏感性、特異性,預測胰腺壞死、器官衰竭發生、患者病死等方面均無明顯差異。但BISAP評分作為一個新的評分系統,其參數數據只包括體征、實驗室檢查和影像學資料等5項指標,易于獲得,計算簡單,且均可在入院24 h內采集,可以早期、簡便地預測SAP[13],值得在臨床推廣應用。
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Evaluationofbedsideindexforseverityinacutepancreatitisinpredictingseverityandprognosisofacutepancreatitis
CHENLi-fen,LUGuo-min,ZHOUQun-yan,ZHANQiang
DepartmentofGastroenterology,WuxiPeople′sHospital,NanjingMedicalUniversity,Wuxi214039,China
Correspondingauthor:ZHANQiang,Email:zhanq33@163.com
ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) in predicting the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) by comparison with traditional scoring systems.MethodsFour hundred ninety-seven patients of AP admitted into Wuxi People′s Hospital from January 2005 to December 2010 were studied retrospectively. BISAP, APACHEⅡ, Ranson and Balthazar CT (CTSI) scores were calculated, respectively, in order to evaluate the severity. The AUC of ROC was used to evaluate the ability of BISAP and the other scoring systems in predicting the severity of AP and the occurrence of pancreatic necrosis, organ failure and mortality.ResultsAmong 497 patients,mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) was identified in 396 patients and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in 101 patients. The gender, age and etiological factors between MAP and SAP were not statistical different. The BISAP, APACHE Ⅱ,Ranson scores of the 497 patients were 1.08±1.01, 5.79±4.00, 1.69±1.59, and the scores were inter- correlated(r=0.612,0.568,0.577,P<0.001). In addition, the BISAP, APACHEⅡ, Ranson scores of SAP patients were significantly higher than those in MAP patients. The AUC of BISAP for SAP was 0.762(95%CI0.722~0.799), when the cutoff value was 2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were 63.39%,83.08%,48.1%,89.4%; the AUC of BISAP for pancreatic necrosis was 0.711(95%CI0.612~0.797),when the cutoff value was 2, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 84.6%,46.7%,35.5%,89.7%; the AUC of BISAP for organ failure was 0.777(95%CI0.683~0.854), when the cutoff value was 2, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 93.1%,51.4%,43.5%,94.9%; the AUC of BISAP for mortality was 0.808(95%CI0.718~0.880), when the cutoff value was 3, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 83.3%,67.4%,25.6%,96.8%. In the cases of SAP, the ability of BISAP and the other scoring systems in predicting the prognosis showed no statistical difference.ConclusionsThe BISAP has the prediction ability for AP severity and prognosis similar to other scoring systems, and it consists of only 5 parameters and can be completed in the first 24 h of admission, therefore it can be used for early predication of SAP, which is worth of clinical application.
Pancreatitis; Severity of illness index; BISAP score; Prognosis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.04.001
214039 無錫,南京醫科大學附屬無錫人民醫院消化內科
占強,Email: zhanq33@163.com
2012-04-09)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)