盤點國內各省市使領館區

□ 文/唐綱

領事館是一國駐在他國某個城市的領事代表機關的總稱，有總領事館、領事館、副領事館等，負責管理當地本國僑民和其它領事事務。改革開放以來，隨著中外經貿合作、文化交流、高層互訪的增多，外國在中國設立使領館的步伐越來越快，很多國家在中國的很多大城市也設立了總領館、領事館、副領事館、代辦處等。為了更好地發揮這些使領館的作用，提升城市的國際化水平，樹立對外開放形象，一些城市還專門建立了使領館區，將原本分散的使領館集中設立。本期盤點了國內主要省市建立的使領館區。

北京使館區

北京使館區是在北京的外國駐中國的大使館所在區域，又被稱為“第二國境線”，曾位于中國北京城前門外的東交民巷，現分別位于建國門外及三里屯地區。

東交民巷原名東江米巷，是老北京城米的集散地。1901年清朝政府的《北京各國使館界址四至》和《辛丑和約》中，此巷劃成為中國第一個“使館區”。

1949年之后，新使館區漸漸形成于北京建國門外和朝陽門外，它們分別稱為“北京第一使館區”和“北京第二使館區”。

第一使館區主要是一些親社會主義的國家使館。主要為中華人民共和國建國后，較早承認新中國并建立外交關系的國家在中國設立的使領館。

第二使館區又稱為北使館區，由周恩來制定區域并建設于1960年代初期，西方發達國家使館云集此處，環境幽靜。

1980年，北京規劃設計研究院按上級指示將亮馬河下游過三環路的區域規劃成“北京第三使館區”。不過直到最近兩年，才開始有國家在此建設駐華使館。部分國家如美國、韓國等于近年將大使館遷入本區。

上海領事館區

上海領事館區位于淮海中路，區內除已建成并投入使用的日本領館和澳大利亞領館官員公寓外，美國、韓國、新加坡、巴基斯坦以及荷蘭、印度、古巴、以色列、羅馬尼亞、丹麥、瑞士、阿根廷等國駐滬總領事館的館址均設立在此區域范圍內。

上海領事館有如城市的文脈，美國領事館院子氣派，日本領事館充滿神秘色彩……領事館旁的道路有歷史感，人氣、商氣足，是商人眼中的黃金地段，旁邊有很多酒吧、餐廳和小店，區域里商業氣氛濃厚。

成都領事館區

成都領事館區位于成都市南延線旁的中和鎮，面積約為237畝，規劃容納20個領事館，它將把分散在成都各處的9家領事機構搬到該區域。成都領事館區主要由館舍、官邸和配套設施等部分組成，根據各領事館的需要，將采取特色各異的修建方式，并為今后來川的領事機構留出館區位置。成都領事館區的建設主旨在于：專門設立領事館區，為領事館提供更完善的服務和更舒適的環境，有利于吸引更多國家在蓉設領事館，提升成都的國際化水平。領事館區將成為四川對外開放的一張名片。

沈陽領事館區

去年10月，沈陽市計劃修新的領事館區，落址前競賽村，叫藍海國際社區綜合開發項目，規劃包括能夠滿足20-30個領館建筑的60公頃土地作為沈陽新的領館區核心區，并在周邊2-3平方公里規劃配套區，其中包括外國人居住區、藍海學校、國際醫院、商務文化區、酒吧街等。目前，新領事館區已經省、市政府等相關部門批準，規劃方案已經市規委會審定。

廣州領事館區

廣州市以前規劃了赤崗領事館區，是廣州赤崗外事、文化和高級辦公住宅綜合新區的重要組成部分，占地面積約23萬平方米，位于廣州大橋南東側，處在廣州市城市發展戰略規劃規定的南拓軸上，緊鄰新城市中軸線，與開發中的廣州珠江新城市中心、二沙島文化體育商住區隔江相對，東鄰琶洲國際博覽城，與其共同構成廣州市對外交流的窗口。

廣州市后來又在南沙規劃了廣東省規模最大的領館區，占地面積約150公頃，預計容納40-50個外國使領館。

武漢領事館區

2006年，武漢市就提出規劃建設專門的“外國領館區”，并進行了規劃設計。武漢市外僑辦有關負責人表示，由于之前時機不太成熟，因而“外國領館區”一直未開建。隨著在漢設立總領事館的國家越來越多，今年，湖北、武漢已將建設“外國領館區”列入議事日程。

今年，在武漢市舉行的“兩會”上，武漢市長唐良智稱武漢市已完成領事館區規劃工作，今年將啟動領事館區建設。武漢外國領事館區選址漢陽墨水湖南岸，緊鄰江城大道。目前，法國、美國、德國和香港、臺灣等50個國家和地區在武漢都有投資項目，但武漢的領事館數量目前僅為3個，武漢建設領事館區將吸引和爭取更多國家來漢設立領事館。

南寧領事館區

2008年10月20日，位于中國西南邊陲的廣西南寧領事館區舉行隆重開工儀式。南寧領事館區是中國—東盟商務區的重要組成部分，主要規劃建設東盟以及世界其他國家駐南寧總領事館，規劃建設占地面積8.7公頃，可容納18個國家領事館集中在此。

Embassies and Consulates Area in China

Consulate is a general term of an organ which represents a state stationed in another state, including Consulates General, Consulates, Deputy Consulate General, which are responsible for the management of local nationals and other consular services. As the foreign trade and economic cooperation, cultural exchanges and high-level visits increased, many countries established Consulate-General, Consulate,Deputy Consulate, representative office in many big cities in China. In order to better play the role of the consulate, raising the level of internationalization of the city, setting up the opening image, some cities were devoted to establish diplomatic and consular areas to centralize the spreading embassies and consulates.

Embassies Area in Beijing

Embassies Area in Beijing is where all foreign embassies which located in Beijing, it’s also known as "second national boundary", it used to locate at Dongjiaomin Lane that’s outside the front door of Beijing city, now located outside of JianGuoMen and SanLiTun area. In 1980, Beijing Planning and Design Research Institute planned the area which passes the third loops in the lower reaches of Xiama River into the"Third Embassy District of Beijing”. Some countries such as the United States and Korea started to move their embassies into this area in recent years.

Consulates Area in Shanghai

Consulates Area in Shanghai located at Huaihai Zhong Road, besides the Japanese Consulate and Australia consular officials’ apartment which have been built and put into use, other Consulates General such as the United States, Korea, Singapore, Pakistan,Netherlands, India, Cuba, Israel, Romania, Denmark,Switzerland, and Argentina all established in this area. The road that’s next to the Consulates is full of historical, popular, commercial atmosphere. There are lots of bars, restaurants and shops in this area.

Consulates Area in Chengdu

Consulates Area in Chengdu located in Zhonghe Town next to the south of Chengdu with the planned capacity of 20 consulates. Chengdu consulate area includes premises, residences and support facilities,according to the needs of consulates; it will be built with different characteristics, and set aside places for the future consulates.

The main objective of building Consulates Area in Chengdu is to set up consulates, provide better service and more comfortable environment, attracting more countries to set up consulates in Chengdu, promote the level of internationalization of Chengdu.

Consulates Area in Shenyang

Last October, Shenyang planned to build new consulates area which located at former Race Village,called Lanhai international community development project, including the ability to meet the 20-30 of the Consulates building core area of 60 hectares of land and surrounding 2-3 square kilometers area of foreign quarter, blue ocean school, international hospital,business culture area, bar street and so on. At present,the new Consulates area has been approved by relevant provincial and municipal government; the planning programme has been audited by the City Planning Commission.

Consulates Area in Guangzhou

Guangzhou planned Chigang Consulate area before, covers an area of 230,000 square meters,located in the Southeast of Guangzhou Bridge. Later Guangzhou planned the largest Consulate area in Nansha, covers an area of about 150 hectares, it is expected to accommodate 40-50 foreign Consulates.

Consulates Area in Wuhan

Wuhan will start to build consulates area this year.It located in the South of Moshui Lake in Hanyang,close to Jiangcheng Avenue. At present, France, the United States, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan and 50 other countries and regions have investments in Wuhan,but there are only 3 consulates in Wuhan currently.Building the consulates area will appeal and attract more countries to build consulates.

Consulates Area in Nanning

On October 20th, 2008, consulates area which located in Nanning,Guangxi held a grand ceremony.Consulates areas in Nanning is an important part of China-ASEAN business district, mainly planning and build the ASEAN as well as the rest of the world Consulates General in Nanning, covering an area of 8.7 hectares which can accommodate up to 18 countries consulates settled here.