定語從句易錯點

定語從句在句中起到形容詞的作用，是高考熱點。學生對which和that的使用經常混淆。下面把定語從句中關系詞使用的特殊情況進行歸納。

限制性定語從句

1. 當先行詞在主句中作表語，而且關系代詞也在從句中作表語時，關系代詞常常用that。

Lianyungang is no longer the city that it was to be.

2. whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，表示所屬關系，不可省略。whose +名詞這種結構還可以用the +名詞 of which （whose） 來替換，也可以用 of which （whose） 來替換。

This is the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.

（這里的whose parts = the parts of which = of which the parts）

There comes the scientist whose achievements are well-known.

（其中的whose achievements = the achievements of whom = of whom the achievements）

3. 介詞+關系代詞which /whom

（1） 當介詞放在關系代詞前面時，關系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom（指人），而且關系代詞不能省略。

Have you found the pen with which you wrote the note？

In the dark street， there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.

（2） 介詞+ which /whom +不定式結構

The wealthy man has a large house in which to live.

4. 當先行詞被such修飾，關系代詞只用as。

They have found such materials as are used in their workshop.（先行詞materials被such修飾，關系代詞只用as，且as在定語從句中作主語。）

The house was sold at such a high price as people expected.（先行詞price被such修飾，關系詞只用as，且as在定語從句中作賓語。）

比較下面的一組句子：

The teacher gave us such a difficult problem as no one can solve.（定語從句）

The teacher gave us such a difficult problem that no one can solve it.（狀語從句）

5. the same as 與the same that 含義不同

This is the same magazine as I bought yesterday. 這本雜質跟我昨天買的一樣。

This is the same magazine that I bought yesterday. 這就是我昨天買的那本雜志。（同一本）

6. 當way（表“方式、方法”）作先行詞時，如果在定語從句中作主語或作賓語，關系代詞用that /which，而當它在從句中作狀語時，關系代詞可用that /in which 或不填。

I like the way （that /which） he used in his work.（作used賓語）

I dont like the way（that/in which /不填）he treats his parents.

7. 當reason作先行詞時，先行詞在句中作狀語時，關系詞是why（for which）；如果先行詞reason在句中作為主語或者賓語，仍然用which或that。

Can you believe the reason that /which he gave at the meeting？

Do you know the reason why （= for which） he was absent？

8. 英語中有幾個詞，像point， case， stage， situation， degree作先行詞，大體表示“地步，境地，情況”，并且它在定語從句中既不作主語，也不作賓語的情況下，關系詞常用where。

He has reached a point where he has to make a decision himself. 而occasion 則常常與when連用。

The occasion arises when he can go abroad to study.

非限制性定語從句

1. 在非限制性定語從句中，即使先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，關系詞也不能省略。

He has a close friend， who works as a doctor.

His home is near the museum， which we visited last week.

2. 在非限制性定語從句中，當表示先行詞的一部分時，也可用名詞/代詞+ of + which （whom） 來表示。……