十年

On April 4， 2014， a tragedy caused by Internet addiction happened in Guangyuan City， Sichuan Province， China. On the first day of the holiday of Tomb-sweeping Day， Mingming （pseudonym）， a sixteen-year-old student of the Experimental Middle School of Guangyuan City， did not go home. At 10 pm that night， Mingming’s mother found him in a net bar and they had a quarrel. The mother felt remorseful and disappointed at Mingming’s addiction. On impulse， she jumped into Jialing River to arouse her son from his addiction. However， due to the shock of his mother’s jumping into river and the scolding of his father， Mingming also jumped into the river. The problem of teenager’s Internet addiction again took the nerve of the public.

2014年4月4日，中國四川省廣元市發(fā)生了一起因網(wǎng)癮導致的悲劇。自清明小長假開始，就讀于廣元市實驗中學的16歲少年明明（化名）放學后沒有回家。當晚10時許，母親在網(wǎng)吧找到明明后，雙方發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，母親因為兒子沉迷網(wǎng)絡且不知悔改，內(nèi)心既自責又失望，激動之下跳入嘉陵江，試圖以此喚醒兒子。然而明明在受到母親跳江的刺激和父親的責罵下緊接著也跳入江中。青少年網(wǎng)癮問題再次牽動人們的神經(jīng)。

Disasters caused by

Internet addiction

網(wǎng)癮致禍

Teenagers are the future of a country and a nation. They should enjoy the most brilliant time of their life in school. However， tragedies happen again and again when they get Internet addiction. The “mental opium” poisons their mentality. The cases of teenagers going astray due to Internet addiction often appear in media reports.

青少年是國家和家庭的未來，十幾歲的他們本應該在學校享受人生中最燦爛無暇的年華，然而一旦觸碰到毒害其心智的“精神鴉片”——網(wǎng)癮，悲劇就會接二連三地發(fā)生。一直以來，青少年因網(wǎng)癮而誤入歧途的報道并不少見。

In August， 2007， Lin Dongdong， a 19-year-old teenager in Henan Province， had no money to spend for Internet and he crept into a house to steal money. Found by the house owner and eager to get away， Lin Dongdong strangled the owner to make him unconscious. Then he ran away in haste. Lin Dongdong was arrested and sentenced to jail for nine years for robbery.

In August， 2009， a teenager boy Deng Senshan in Guangxi Province was beaten to death by his advisor in an Internet addiction rehabilitation center. His body was covered with bruises. This event aroused agitation home and abroad. There were in-depth discussions and reflections on teenagers’ addiction to Internet and Internet addiction rehabilitation.

In the same year， an electric-shocking scandal of an Internet addiction rehabilitation center in Linyi， Shandong Province broke out. Yang Yongxin， the owner of the center， had earned as much as 81 million yuan up to 2009.

In October 2011， Liu Dongxiao， a 21-year-old young man in Huangshi Hubei Province， spent 7 days on Internet and only rested for ten hours. At last， Liu Dongxiao died of sudden heart attack or cerebral vascular incidence caused by over fatigue.

2007年8月，河南省19歲的青年林冬冬因無錢上網(wǎng)，悄悄潛入一居民家中行竊，被主人發(fā)現(xiàn)后，急于脫身的他狠狠掐住對方的脖子，致其昏迷然后倉皇而逃。被捕后，林冬冬因搶劫罪被判處有期徒刑9年。

2009年8月，廣西一名未滿16歲的花季少年鄧森山在網(wǎng)戒中心被輔導員暴打致死，尸身遍體鱗傷。此事一出輿論一片嘩然，并引起了從政府到公眾對青少年沉溺網(wǎng)絡現(xiàn)象以及網(wǎng)癮戒除行業(yè)的深入討論和反思。

同年，楊永信在山東臨沂的一家網(wǎng)戒中心爆出電擊丑聞。截止2009年，該網(wǎng)癮戒除中心的收入竟高達8100萬元。

2011年10月，湖北黃石21歲的青年劉東梟在連續(xù)上網(wǎng)7天，總共只休息了十余小時之后，最終因為疲勞過度而猝死。

China Youth Internet Addiction Report released by China Youth Internet Association in 2005 said that the percentage of youth addicts is 13.2%. According to media， there are three adolescents addicted to Internet in every ten adolescents in Taiwan. Internet is an indispensible part of people’s work and life. This two-edged sword brings convenience and rapidity to people’s life， while its negative effects cannot be ignored. Particularly the crime and health problems caused by youth Internet addiction and the normative problems of Internet addiction rehabilitation are the focuses of the whole society.

中國青少年網(wǎng)絡協(xié)會在2005年發(fā)布的《中國青少年網(wǎng)癮報告》中稱，中國青少年網(wǎng)癮約占網(wǎng)民總數(shù)的13.2%。此外據(jù)媒體報道，在臺灣每10個青少年中就有3個人具有網(wǎng)絡成癮傾向。網(wǎng)絡是人們工作和生活中不可或缺的一部分，但這把雙刃劍在給人們帶來便利和迅捷的同時，其深刻的負面影響也是不容忽視的，特別是青少年網(wǎng)絡成癮而引發(fā)的犯罪問題和健康問題以及網(wǎng)癮戒除行業(yè)的規(guī)范性問題，更是目前社會各界廣泛關(guān)注和亟待解決的焦點問題。

Internet addiction

is not an addiction

網(wǎng)癮非癮

The concepts of “Internet addiction” and “pathological internet use” were first put forward by American psychologist Goldberger in 1995. The concepts refer to uncontrolled Internet surfing action without addictive materials. It is in the forms of damages to individual’s social and psychological functions due to excessive use of Internet.

It is worth noting that Internet addiction is not an addiction in real sense. Even Goldberger acknowledged that “Internet addiction” put forward by him is only a parody of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders （DSM） by imitating its description of gambling addiction. He did not expect that this phrase gained popularity among peers and it soon became popular in media without the meaning of irony.

“網(wǎng)絡成癮”或“網(wǎng)絡成癮癥”或“病態(tài)網(wǎng)絡使用”的概念最早由美國心理學家戈德伯格于1995年提出，指在無成癮物質(zhì)作用下的上網(wǎng)行動沖動失控，表現(xiàn)為由于過度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而導致個體出現(xiàn)明顯的社會、心理功能損害。

值得注意的是，從種種現(xiàn)象看來網(wǎng)癮并非真正的成癮，戈登伯格本人也承認其提出的“網(wǎng)絡成癮”只是惡搞權(quán)威的《精神疾病診斷手冊》，模仿它對于賭博成癮癥的描述。沒想到歪打正著，這個詞受到同行的喜愛，很快在媒體上流行起來，而且并沒有諷刺的含義。

The reporter’s survey found out that there are various reasons for Internet-addiction. The most important one is family. A rough family education and inharmonious family relationship will lead to children’s addiction to Internet， who try to find love and care on Internet.

The second reason is school. More students will become addicted to Internet at the school of inappropriate management methods and singular evaluation system. The students with low grades usually are not appreciated in those schools and the Internet offers a relatively relaxed environment.

記者調(diào)查后發(fā)現(xiàn)，導致網(wǎng)癮的原因是多方面的，其中最主要的原因是家庭。家庭教育方式過于粗暴或者家庭關(guān)系不和諧極易導致孩子將身心投向網(wǎng)絡，企圖在網(wǎng)絡中尋找到自我和關(guān)愛。

第二個原因就是學校，越是管理方式不當、評價體系過于單一的學校越容易出現(xiàn)沉迷網(wǎng)絡的孩子。學習成績不佳的孩子在這些學校中不容易得到肯定，而網(wǎng)絡世界則提供了一個相對寬松的環(huán)境。

For the children themselves， most Internet addicts are teenagers from 14 to 18 and most of them are boys. These children have little social experience， looking forward to excitement and freedom from the constraint of teachers and parents. Therefore they are more likely to become addicted to Internet.

In 2012， Vietnam Hue Normal University together with South China Normal University conducted a survey on Vietnamese youth’s addiction to Internet and its causes. The results show that there are distinct differences of Internet addiction among Vietnamese youths. Boys are more addicted than girls. The teenagers with a high score in the addiction test use the adult forums more frequently than the ones with a low score. Seeking for excitement， family contradictions and partners surfing Internet are the elements of the risk of Vietnamese youths’ addiction to Internet.

從孩子自身來看，網(wǎng)癮患者大多是14-18歲的青少年，而且以男孩居多，這些孩子由于涉世較淺，且喜歡尋求刺激，希望能拜托老師家長的管教和束縛，相比其他孩子更容易上網(wǎng)成癮。

2012年，越南順化師范大學聯(lián)合中國華南師范大學對越南青少年網(wǎng)絡成癮現(xiàn)狀及其影響因素做了調(diào)查。結(jié)果顯示，越南青少年網(wǎng)絡成癮存在顯著的性別差異，男生網(wǎng)絡成癮幾率顯著高于女生；網(wǎng)絡成癮高分組青少年在成人站點和論壇使用頻率上顯著高于普通組；感覺尋求、家庭矛盾性、同伴上網(wǎng)行為是影響越南青少年網(wǎng)絡成癮的風險因素。

Declaring war to

Internet addiction

向網(wǎng)癮宣戰(zhàn)

Once the concept of Internet addiction was put forward， it was accepted by China’s media and medical sector. With the publicity of media， the phenomenon of “Internet addiction” began to catch the attention of Chinese people. In 2004， a mother in Wuhan published an article in newspaper to call for society to save her daughter who is addicted to Internet. Professor Tao Hongkai of Central China Normal University contacted the mother after seeing the report. He not only helped the girl get rid of Internet addiction but also helped her go to a top university. Afterwards， a huge-scaled activity of “saving Internet addicts” was launched. Under the tide of “anti-Internet-addiction”， more and more people begin to pay attention to teenagers’ Internet addiction and call for the whole society to help these Internet addicts get rid of this addiction.

在媒體的宣傳下，“網(wǎng)癮”現(xiàn)象備受關(guān)注。2004年，武漢一位母親登報呼吁社會拯救其沉溺網(wǎng)絡的女兒。華中師范大學教授陶宏開看到報道后主動聯(lián)系對方，不僅幫助此女成功戒除網(wǎng)癮還助其考入重點大學。隨后，社會上引發(fā)了一場聲勢浩大的“拯救上網(wǎng)成癮者行動”。在轟轟烈烈的“反網(wǎng)癮”大潮中，越來越多的人開始關(guān)注青少年的網(wǎng)癮問題，并呼吁社會幫助陷入網(wǎng)癮的青少年們。

In March 2005， nine Ministries and Commissions of China jointly launched an activity of “getting rid of Internet addiction” aimed to guide the youth to have a right attitude towards Internet and get rid of Internet addiction. In 2006， following the trend of the activity of “getting rid of Internet addiction”， “the spiritual growth project of youth” was launched in China. Groups of trained psychological mentors with professional quality worked online to help parents solve the problems of youth’s addiction to Internet.

Since the problem of Internet addiction was exposed by media， the whole society became extremely tense. The opinions that “bad network games are traps and drugs” “Internet addiction leads to youths’ crimes” “Internet damages youth’s physical health” and “there is no future for those who are addicted to Internet” are gradually spreading among the public and some schools and parents become fearful of “Internet”. In 2008， the Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA issued Internet Addiction Diagnostic Criteria， holding the opinion that Internet addiction is a chronic mental illness. However， Tao Hongkai negated this and he thought that most parents are over concerned.

2005年3月，中國九部委聯(lián)合開展“戒除網(wǎng)癮大行動”，旨在引導廣大青少年正確對待網(wǎng)絡，消除網(wǎng)絡成癮。2006年，緊接著“戒除網(wǎng)癮大行動”的勢頭，“中國青少年心靈成長‘十百千萬’工程”又被推向全國。一批批經(jīng)過培訓、具有專業(yè)資質(zhì)的“青少年網(wǎng)絡心理導師”通過講座、熱線電話等形式的公益活動，幫助家長和青少年解決日益嚴重的網(wǎng)絡沉迷等問題。

自網(wǎng)癮問題被媒體揭露以來，整個社會都緊繃著神經(jīng)。“不良網(wǎng)絡游戲是陷阱和毒品”、“網(wǎng)癮導致青少年犯罪”、“網(wǎng)絡危害青少年的身體健康”、“沉溺網(wǎng)絡的青少年沒有未來”等觀點逐漸在公眾當中流傳開來，以至于家長、學校一時間談“網(wǎng)”色變。2008年，北京軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院出臺《網(wǎng)絡成癮診斷標準》，認為網(wǎng)癮是慢性精神疾病，但是陶宏開卻予以否定，并認為大多數(shù)家長是心急亂投醫(yī)。

“Emerge at the right moment” and “a means of making profits”

“應運而生”與“牟利工具”

With the development of Internet， the connection between people’s lives and Internet is getting closer and closer. It is impossible to make people live in a world without Internet. Faced with the numerous cases of misfortunes caused by Internet， the media， society and parents all anchor their hope in the organizations of getting rid of Internet addiction which emerge at the right moment.

From the news report in recent years， we can see that many organizations at the beginning claimed to help children get rid of Internet addiction. However， after some time， due to the lack of supervision environment， these organizations gradually become a mere formality and a means of making profits. In January， 2010， Tao Hongkai’s summer camp charged 5800 yuan for each family taking part in the activity and there were more than thirty families in total， which aroused the skepticism of the public. But what was more noteworthy was the event of Deng Senshan in 2009. A teenage boy was beaten to death， which took the nerve of the public. People realized the harms of Internet addiction to teenagers and the chaos behind the organizations.

隨著網(wǎng)絡的高速發(fā)展，人們的生活和網(wǎng)絡的聯(lián)系也越來越緊密，想要讓青少年完全生活在一個無“網(wǎng)”的世界中不太現(xiàn)實。面對網(wǎng)癮致禍的種種案例，高聲疾呼的媒體、神經(jīng)緊張的社會、走投無路的家長將希望寄托在了這些“應運而生”的網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)上。

然而縱觀近年來的新聞報道可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多機構(gòu)在成立之初都號稱能幫助孩子擺脫網(wǎng)癮，但是時間一久，在缺乏監(jiān)管的環(huán)境中，這些網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)都逐漸流于形式，演變成經(jīng)營者牟利的工具。2010年1月，陶宏開素質(zhì)教育夏令營收取參加活動的三十多個家庭各5800元的費用，消息一出即受到網(wǎng)友的質(zhì)疑。而更引人注意的是2009年發(fā)生的鄧森山事件。花季少年在網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)被毆致死的事件刺激了公眾的神經(jīng)，讓大家再次深刻意識到網(wǎng)癮對青少年的危害以及網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)背后的亂象。

Duowan Game Net once conducted a survey on the chaos caused by the organizations of getting rid of Internet addiction in China. The results showed that those organizations are mainly divided into two types. One of them is private schools. The educational qualifications of those schools are very suspicious and the teachers lack researches on teenagers’ psychology and the training needed to enter the field. The second type is the various centers of “Internet Addiction Control”. These centers often rely on certain hospitals like mental hospitals. The most notorious one is the center of Linyi， which uses electric shock treatment to children， which is followed by the center established by the Director of Addiction Division of the Military General Hospital Tao Ran.

No matter how the names of the organizations may change， the methods they use for the children to get rid of Internet addiction are basically the same： military management without professional guidance， arbitrary Internet isolation， brainwashing teaching without psychological guidance， medical treatment with health hazards and the extremely dangerous electric shock treatment.

In Das Kapital it is said that practice has proven that in face of 100% profits， capitalist will risk their lives. If the profit is 300%， capitalist will tread upon all the laws in the world.

多玩游戲網(wǎng)曾針對中國網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)亂象做了一個調(diào)查，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這些網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)主要分兩類：一類是各色私人學校。這類私人學校的辦學資質(zhì)較為可疑，且其執(zhí)教的學員大多對青少年心理缺乏可驗證的研究，也無從事該行業(yè)所需的特殊訓練。第二類就是各色“戒網(wǎng)”中心。戒網(wǎng)中心一般依托于某些醫(yī)院（如精神病醫(yī)院）。其中最臭名昭著的，當屬在沒有任何臨床依據(jù)的狀況下，對孩子使用電擊治療的臨沂市網(wǎng)癮治療中心，其次就是軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院成癮科主任陶然旗下的成癮醫(yī)學中心。

然而，無論這些網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)的名稱如何變化，其對學員使用的教育改造或網(wǎng)癮治療方法都幾乎雷同——缺乏專業(yè)指導的軍事化管理、獨斷執(zhí)行地網(wǎng)絡隔離、無心理指導的洗腦式授課、危害健康的藥物治療以及極度危險的電擊療法。

資本論說，實踐證明面對100%的利潤，資本敢冒絞首的危險；如果有300%的利潤，資本敢于踐踏一切人間法律。

Connect the past and

the future

承前啟后

Since Tao Hongkai began to challenge Internet addiction， it has already been ten years. In the past ten years， the panic of the media， the concern of the parents and the greed of the operators made those organizations of “Internet Addiction Control” fierce animals without restraints. Up to today， they are still growing secretly.

How can we solve and prevent the problems of Internet addiction in future？ An article in Guangzhou Daily said that getting rid of Internet addiction cannot only rely on those organizations. In an environment where deficiency exists in various aspects， the efforts of the whole society are needed to create more channels for teenagers to release their emotions.

從陶宏開挑戰(zhàn)網(wǎng)癮至今，已有十年。在這十年間，媒體的恐慌，家長的擔憂，辦學者的貪婪使得各類網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)成為無人可以限制的饕餮猛獸。時至今日，它們?nèi)匀辉诎堤幧L。

今后該如何防治網(wǎng)癮問題呢？《廣州日報》曾發(fā)表文章稱，戒除網(wǎng)癮不應只寄希望于網(wǎng)癮戒除機構(gòu)。在當前各方工作都存在缺失的背景下，更需要全社會的共同努力，為青少年創(chuàng)造更多宣泄渠道。

In 2014， the game channel of People Network drew up the related proposals of Internet addiction and published an article saying that it is a good way to prevent youth’s addiction to Internet by making laws to restrain the objectionable materials in the process of building a legislative nation. Bringing the problems of Internet addiction to the annual sessions of NPC and CPPCC is not only to arouse the attention of the representatives and committee members but also and more importantly to arouse the attention of society， especially the departments of legislation and law enforcement. They should build a strong protection network for youth by standardizing the network contact organizations through law.

Yang Lan said in the annual sessions of NPC and CPPCC in 2010 that according to the survey， 60% of middle school students who are fond of Internet games are in the depression of study and therefore they try to find a way of expression on the Internet. There is also a kind of children who lack love and care of parents and they look for friends and a sense of belonging on the Internet. Therefore， Yang Lan called for society to do a good job in children’s psychological guidance and called for parents to strengthen the relationship with children and the supervision of the Internet. Compared with other organizations， schools and families can have more direct contact with children. To prevent Internet addiction， the first one to make change is schools and parents. In face of the children falling into Internet addiction due to self-isolation， schools and parents should care about and understand their children， take the right attitude and have deep communication with children.

2014年，人民網(wǎng)游戲頻道盤點了近年“兩會”中涉及網(wǎng)癮問題的相關(guān)提案，并發(fā)表文章稱中國在建立法制國家的進程中，通過立法對網(wǎng)絡不良內(nèi)容進行約束，對防止青少年網(wǎng)絡成癮是一種很好的方式。把網(wǎng)癮問題帶上全國兩會的目的不光是要引起代表、委員的重視，更重要的是要引起全社會的重視，尤其是立法和執(zhí)法部門的重視，通過法律手段規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡接觸機構(gòu)，為青少年搭建強有力的保護網(wǎng)。

楊瀾曾在2010年兩會上表示，據(jù)相關(guān)調(diào)查顯示66%喜歡網(wǎng)游的中學生處于枯燥學習之后的郁悶和壓抑中，他們從網(wǎng)絡上尋找一種抒發(fā)的渠道；還有一類孩子缺少父母關(guān)愛和照顧，到網(wǎng)上找朋友，尋找歸屬感，因此她呼吁做好對青少年的心理輔導，加強親子關(guān)系并加大對網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境的監(jiān)管力度。相較其他機構(gòu)而言，學校和家庭能直接接觸孩子，防治網(wǎng)癮，最應該率先做出改變的當屬學校和家長。在面對因自我封閉而陷入網(wǎng)癮的孩子時，師長和父母應正確對待、關(guān)心和理解孩子，與孩子進行心靈深處的溝通。

Learning from the experience of other countries

他山之石

With the rapid development of information technology， Internet addiction has become a worldwide problem. How do other countries solve the problem of Internet addiction？

In America， there are many methods to solve the problem of Internet addiction， including adding the content of “Internet addiction” in lessons. On discovering the tendencies of students’ addiction to Internet， teachers and parents will make counseling timely and encourage students to develop other interests to avoid the social alienation syndrome. In addition， they should also make students have comprehensive knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of Internet and lead them to have discussions on how to correctly deal with the Internet.

In the UK， there are slogans on the packages of computer games similar to the slogan of “Smoking is harmful to health” as a reminder for people to get away from Internet addiction.

在信息技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展的今天，網(wǎng)癮已經(jīng)衍生成為世界性的問題了，各國都是以什么樣的方式來防治網(wǎng)癮的呢？

在美國，為治療網(wǎng)癮多管齊下，包括在課程中添加“網(wǎng)絡成癮”的內(nèi)容，一發(fā)現(xiàn)學生有上網(wǎng)成癮的苗頭，老師和家長就要及時疏導，并鼓勵學生發(fā)展多方面興趣，避免社會疏離癥的發(fā)生。此外，還應讓學生全面了解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利與弊，引導他們開展討論，究竟該如何正確對待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

在英國，電腦游戲包裝上貼有類似“吸煙有害健康”的警示標語，以提醒人們遠離網(wǎng)癮的雷區(qū)。

In Germany， there is a famous charitable organization， Visser house， to help teenagers get rid of Internet addiction. It helps teenagers solve psychological problems， cultivate more interests， distract attention and get rid of the reliance on Internet through artistic therapy， exercise therapy and natural therapy.

In 2014， the constitutional court of South Korea passed a regulation forbidding teenagers under 16 to play Internet games in midnight. Teenagers under the age of 16 are forbidden to play Internet games from 0 am to 6 am. Teenager Protection Law stipulates that if the relevant provisions are violated， the person will be given a sentence of less than 2 years or a fine of 10 million won （equivalent to RMB 60，000）.

德國有一個世界聞名的幫助青少年戒除網(wǎng)癮的慈善機構(gòu)——維希爾之家，通過藝術(shù)療法、運動療法以及自然療法幫助青少年們解決心理問題，培養(yǎng)更多興趣，轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，擺脫對網(wǎng)絡的過度依賴。

2014年韓國憲法法院通過了《禁止16歲以下青少年深夜玩網(wǎng)絡游戲的法規(guī)》，禁止16歲以下青少年每天在凌晨零時至上午6時玩網(wǎng)游。青少年保護法第59條第5項規(guī)定，如果違反相關(guān)規(guī)定，將被判處2年以下徒刑或1000萬韓元罰款（約合人民幣6萬元）。