問題青年學校：是福還是禍？

Open the world's largest Chinese search engine， Baidu and search the keyword “school for troubled teenagers” the number of relevant results is up to 2.34 million and the popularity of this topic can be seen. Among them， there are very inspiring advertisements such as “to help the parents solve the problems of children’s addicting to network， being weary of studying， being rebellious and having puppy love， which enables the children to remold themselves thoroughly”. Is it true？ The reporter did some interviews and found that these so-called “cure-all” schools were not so effective as what they have said. On the contrary， some schools for troubled teenager have serious problem which are worrying.

打開全球最大的中文搜索引擎百度，搜索問題青年學校，相關結果多達約234萬個。可見，這個話題的熱門程度。其中，不乏專業(yè)幫助家長解決孩子網(wǎng)癮，厭學，叛逆，早戀等問題，真正讓孩子做到脫胎換骨，令家長刮目相看等振奮人心的廣告語。事實果真如此嗎？記者走訪后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些號稱包治問題青年的學校并非都如其所言地那般神通廣大。相反，一些問題青年學校產(chǎn)生的問題令人堪憂。

The fall of a flowery

19-year-old girl

19歲花季少女的隕落

On May 19， 2014， Guo Lingling， a girl of Henan， who was in Boqiang New Concept Training School， Zhengzhou， Henan， China， died after two hours’ “extra training”. What happened in the process？ It was said that at 9 o’clock on May 19th， a student of the school who was called Fu Xiaokai， saw that in the open space between two rows of aspens of the playground， Guo Lingling and Wu Xin， who came from the girls’ class， were doing “falling forward” and “falling backward” under the inspection of several teachers. The so-called “falling forward” and “falling backward”meant flunging oneslef forward or backward to the ground while the body was kept upright. In Boqiang， it was the most common method of physical punishment.

Fu Xiaokai was very familiar with the feeling of such training. “The moment that my body touched the ground in a ‘falling forward’， the bones of my arms were vibrating and the there was a buzz in my brain. If a ‘falling backward’ was done right， it could be tolerable， if not， the brain would touch the ground. It felt like that with another try I would be disabled.” Fu Xiaokai remembered that once he was punished with 1000 extra “falling forward” just because his tongue got broke during the training and he went to rinse the mouth without the permission of the teacher.

2014年5月19日，中國河南鄭州搏強新觀念培訓學校的19歲河南少女郭玲玲在被“加訓”兩個小時后死亡。這個過程究其發(fā)生了什么？據(jù)悉，5月19日晚9點多，該校學生付小楷看到在操場兩排楊樹的空地里，女生班的郭玲玲和吳鑫正在幾名老師的監(jiān)督下，摔“前倒”和“后倒”。所謂“前倒”和“后倒”，就是身體在直立狀態(tài)下整體前傾或后傾撲地。在搏強學校，這是最通行的體罰方式。

對于這種方式的感受，付小楷很熟悉。前倒時與地面接觸的瞬間，“手臂的骨頭都在顫，腦袋會嗡地一下”；后倒時，摔得好，咬咬牙能忍過去。摔得不好，腦袋著地，“感覺再來一下人就廢了”。付小楷記得，有次他被加罰1，000個前倒，只是因為在訓練中磕破了舌頭，未經(jīng)老師同意就去漱口。

When Guo Lingling was receiving the physical punishment， no one spoke， let alone stopped them， they could not even discuss. In Boqiang， each dormitory was equipped with a teacher， therefore every movement， even a look could be easily captured and reported， and then transformed into different kinds of physical punishment. That night， Fu Xiaokai slept early and was awakened by a shrill cry at mid-night. Liu Yifeng， a 16-year-old boy in another bedroom heard Guo Lingling begging for mercy clearly. In the second day， his roommate， a boy told him secretly， \"Something happened last night. The police cars came\". Xiao Yao， who was 18 year old， lived in the same room as Guo Lingling. She had witnessed the last moment of her unfamiliar roommate， \"she was alive when the teachers pulled her into the dormitory， but not later\". The classmates of Fu Xiaokai did not know what had happened until Guo Lingling's mother took her family to school， asking for an explanation on May 22nd. Wu Xin， who also received physical punishment， cut her neck with a piece of glass. Later， the 14-year-old girl lay in bed and said， if she had not done the autonomy， she would not be sent to the hospital and， \"there would be deaths of two at that night\".

郭玲玲在接受體罰時，沒人說話，更別提阻攔，大家甚至不能討論。在搏強學校，每個宿舍里都配備了老師，學生的一舉一動，甚至一個眼神都能被輕易捕捉，進而被舉報，再轉(zhuǎn)化為不同的體罰。當晚，付小楷早早睡下。半夜，他被凄厲的哭叫聲吵醒了。另一個寢室的16歲男孩柳一峰清楚地聽到郭玲玲的求饒聲。第二天，同寢室的男孩偷偷告訴他，“夜里出事了，警車都來了”。18歲的肖瑤與死者郭玲玲是室友，她見到了這個不太熟悉的室友最后的樣子，“被老師拖進宿舍時還有氣兒，后來就沒了”。直到5月22日，郭玲玲的母親帶著家人來學校討說法，付小楷和同學們才知道，出人命了。一同被罰的吳鑫用碎玻璃劃破了自己的脖子，據(jù)這個14歲的少女后來在病床上講，如果不自殘，她也不會被送到醫(yī)院，“那天夜里死的就是倆”。

就在郭母去學校交涉時，十幾個孩子有如看到了救星，將寫著自己父母電話的求救紙條扔向她。郭玲玲的母親后來在派出所得知，女兒被加訓的原因，是她拉肚子上廁所沒向幫帶老師報告。悲劇發(fā)生后，她表示沒想到女兒會遭受這樣的虐待，也后悔當初把孩子送到搏強學校。

When Guo’s mother came and had negotiation with the school， a dozen children acted like that they saw the savior and threw to her some notes with their parents’ phone numbers. Guo Lingling's mother got to know later in the police station that， the reason why her daughter got extra training was that she had loose bowels and did not ask for the permission of the supervising teacher. After the tragedy， she said that she did not know that her daughter would suffer from such abuse， and she was regretting to have sent her to Boqiang.

School for troubled teenagers： for the demand of parents？

問題青年學校是家長所需？

When the flowery girl passed away， her garments， mixed with mud and blood， were very dirty， and there were several bruises on her body. Her departure did not only leave endless regrets and pities to her family， but also once again resulted to people’s thinking of the problem of schools for troubled teenagers. It was said that before the death happened， there were more than 70 students in the school. In their parents’ eyes， they were all stubborn， obstreperous and troubled teenagers. Since the parents and ordinary schools were unable to discipline them， those parents put hope in this special training school.

At that time， Guo’s mother was touched by the introduction of Boqiang. The introduction said that， the school aimed at providing specialized guidance and correction to primary and secondary school students who had bad behaviors and habits. The school was of totally enclosed type and military management. Establishment in 2007， it had transformed more than 3000 troubled teenagers successfully. In the introduction， the school boasted many honors such as \"best school for correcting troubled teenagers\"， \" teenager research center and research base of China\"， \"best educational brand for troubled teenagers of central plains\". As for the specific method of education， the introduction mentioned only that “caring education with special characteristics\" was the concept of the education and \"feeling the life experience with the soul\" was the main form. Many parents were also attracted by such advertisements and decided to send their children to the school.

這位花季少女離開人世時，混著土與血的衣褲已是污濁不堪，全身好幾處傷腫。她的離開不僅給其親人帶來了無盡的悔恨與遺憾，也再次引發(fā)了世人對問題青年學校的思考。據(jù)悉，在該起死亡事件發(fā)生之前，學校有七十多名學生。在這些學生的家長眼中，他們均是頑劣的問題少年。由于家長與普通學校都無法管教，所以家長將希望寄托于這所特訓學校。

當初，郭母正是被搏強學校的簡介所打動。該校簡介稱，學校立足于針對不良行為習慣的中小學生提供專業(yè)化的輔導和矯正，并施行全封閉、軍事化管理。2007年成立至今，已成功轉(zhuǎn)化3，000余名問題少年。簡介里，這所學校號稱擁有諸多榮譽：“最佳問題少年矯正學校”、“中國青少年研究中心研究基地”、“問題少年中原教育第一品牌”。至于具體的教育方式，簡介里只提到以“特色關愛教育”為理念、以“生活體驗式的心靈感悟”為主要形式。很多家長也是被這樣的廣告所吸引，才決定把孩子送來。

According to some children， they were more “cheated to” than “sent to” the school. The day when Fu Xiaokai entered school， the teachers lied to him that they were police and asked him to testify for his friend who had a fighting with others. Fu Xiaokai followed them and got into the car； Liu Yifeng's parents dragged their son out of the Internet bar， got him into the car saying that they were to have a joy riding， but the car was driven to Boqiang.

However， in the minds of these students， the school， which was seen as the savior of troubled teenagers by parents， was called “the hell\" by the students. When asked about the memory that the school had given them， nothing was recalled except being desperately isolated and physically abused. They got up at 6 in the morning and had morning exercise at 6：30. In the morning they had academic courses， and in the afternoon they had psychology courses before 4 o’clock， after which they would receive physical training -- this was the schedule of Boqiang. A student called Lin Hao said， academic and psychology courses were basically of middle-school level and there were no arrangements or managements at all. Since he was a junior student of high school， he was asked to help the teachers answer some questions that they could not solve for several times. Sometimes he was even asked to a substitute teacher. As for psychological counseling， Fu Xiaokai said there was nothing like that at all. Although the school declared that there would be a counseling every week， within two months， he had only met a stranger and was simply asked about the situation of his family. In his opinion， “Those academic courses were to save our energy for taking the punishments.\" The reasons for punishments varied such as having non-standard actions， being not active to trainings， having not folding up the quilts well， or even giving a side glance to the teacher. Besides the teachers， students’ impressions of the president of Boqiang were \"cruel\" and \"a jerk\". Lin Hao said a lot of physical punishments were under Wang Qi’s order or acquiescence. Fu Xiaokai remembered that once when he was punished the “falling forward”， Wang qi happened to passed by. He just said \"no standard\" thoughtlessly and the instructor punished him with 500 more “falling forward”.

據(jù)一些孩子稱，與其說他們是被家長送來的，不如說是被學校和家長騙去的。付小楷入校當天，搏強的老師謊稱他們是派出所的，有同學打架需要他去幫忙作證，付小楷跟著上了車；柳一峰的父母從網(wǎng)吧里拎出兒子，塞進車里說帶他去兜風，結果車開進了搏強……

然而，在這些學生心目中，這所被家長視為問題青年救星的學校竟被很多學生稱之為“地獄”。提及學校留給他們的記憶，無不是刻骨銘心地被隔絕孤立、被體罰打壓。早上6點起床，六點半出操，上午安排文化課，下午4點之前是心理課，之后是例行體能訓練——這是搏強的日程表。學生林灝說，文化和心理課基本就是初中課件，毫無章法可言。因為他是高二學生，有幾次還被要求幫老師解答自己解答不了的問題，甚至代理上課。對于心理輔導，付小楷說根本沒有。雖然學校宣稱每周一次心理輔導，但兩個月內(nèi)，只有一個不明身份的人聽他簡單說了一下家庭情況。在他看來，“那些文化課就是為了在操場上折騰、接受體罰攢勁兒。”體罰的原因五花八門，動作不標準、訓練不積極、被子疊得不整齊，甚至是瞪了老師一眼。除了老師，學生們對搏強學校校長王淇的印象是“殘酷”、“脾氣古怪”。林灝說，很多體罰正是因為王淇的授意或默許。付小楷記得，有次自己被罰前倒時，王淇剛好路過，他隨口說了句“不標準”，教官就又加罰500個。

Previously when Wang qi was accepting the interview of the media， he admitted that 30% of the faculty of the school did not have qualification. In such a situation， some children learned another way to face everything， which was being indifferent to， betraying or distrusting anyone else.

One month after the incident， Boqiang was cancelled the educational qualification and the students finally regained their freedom. Unfortunately， these students did not achieve the goal that was set by the parents and advocated by the school -- to return from their evil ways or remold themselves， instead they released their feelings which were suppressed in the school more fiercely. The pathetic thing was that， many parents did not change their original intention because of the death. They still had hope on similar schools’ iron fist， expecting that they could teach for them a well behaved child.

王淇此前在接受媒體采訪時，承認學校有30%的文化課老師沒有資質(zhì)。在這種情況之下，一些孩子學會了另一種方式面對一切，即冷漠、出賣，或者不信任任何人。

事發(fā)一個多月后，因搏強學校辦學資質(zhì)被撤銷，這些學生終于重獲自由。遺憾的是，這些學生并未達到家長事先設定以及學校事先所宣揚的目標——浪子回頭或迷途知返，而是將在這所學校里所受到的壓抑更大地釋放出來。令人唏噓的是，很多家長也并沒有因一起死亡事件而改變初衷。他們依然寄希望于類似學校的鐵腕手段，以期他們能代自己調(diào)教出一個乖巧的孩子。

School for troubled teenagers need to be standardized

問題青年學校亟待規(guī)范

On one hand， the parents have nothing to do with the \"troubled children\" and become anxious； on the other hand， ordinary schools turn a deaf ear to \"troubled children\"， so private education institutions whose target is this group has emerged with the increasing demand. In recent years， with the increasing number of similar special educational schools which enroll \"troubled teenagers\"， the abnormal deaths of students in school have been occasionally reported in the newspapers. On September 20， 2010， the 16-year-old boy Chen Shi was beaten to death only 50 hours after he was sent by his parents to Beiteng Teenage Enlightening Educational School of Changsha， Hunan. His parents lied to him that they sent him there for learning computer.

When it came to Chen Shi's tragedy， associate professor of school of Arts of Hunan Normal University， Ding Jiayong maintained that the incident exposed that most of current special educational school in society tried to control troubled teenagers by violence. Strong arms might have short-term effect， but without spiritual communication and education， the psychological problems of the teenagers could not be solved. \"For this kind of special educational schools， the country has no policy or guidance at present.\" Feng Wubin， deputy director of Education Bureau of Changsha， Hunan said that currently government departments stuck to the \"Private Education Promotion Law\"， which had no specific operational details for the management of private educational schools for “troubled children”.

一方面，是家長對“問題孩子”束手無策、心急如焚；另一方面，則是普通學校對“問題孩子”避而不管，于是針對這一群體的民辦教育機構應運而生。近年來，隨著類似收納“問題青年”的特殊教育學校不斷增加，他們在這些學校里的非正常死亡案例時常見諸于報端。2010年9月20日，16歲的少年陳石，在被父母以學電腦之名騙到湖南長沙倍騰青少年啟發(fā)教育學校后，僅50個小時就被學校三個教官毆打猝死。

提及陳石的悲劇，湖南師范大學文學院副教授丁加勇認為，該事件暴露出一個問題，即目前社會上的特殊教育學校大多使用暴力管制問題青年。強制手段或許可以得到短期內(nèi)的制伏效果，但缺乏心靈的溝通教育，不可能真正解決未成年人的思想問題。“對于這類特殊教育學校的監(jiān)管，國家政策指導層面尚為空白地帶。”湖南長沙縣教育局副局長馮武斌說，目前政府部門依據(jù)的是《民辦教育促進法》，對民辦“問題孩子”教育學校進行管理，并無具體操作明細。

In the opinion of Feng Wubin， deputy director of Education Bureau of Changsha， Hunan， it was \"imperative that the nation carry out relevant policies about special educational schools， improve the difficulty of getting educational qualifications and come up with more strict and practical regulatory methods \".

As for the tragedies caused by schools for troubled teenagers， Hu Yifu， president of \"Zhuo’er Education Center\" -- a special educational school in Jiangxi special education school President said， after a thorough investment， he found that among those who were seen as “troubled teenagers”， quite a few students were very excellent， some had passed the Grade 8 exam of piano and some were athletes of national level 2 and some used to be \"Merit Students\".

In his opinion， the current education system seemed to have nothing to do with the education of troubled teenagers though it was caring. Teachers of ordinary schools had too much pressure， they needed to improve enrollment rate of the class and cope with academic titles and evaluations. If they spent the limited time in teaching several \"bad students\"， it would be “to pick up a sesame while losing a watermelon\" for them. But anyway， the education and growing up should be finished in ordinary schools. However， without changing the existing educational system and educational evaluation system， the task of educating troubled teenagers could not be placed in a position which is equally important to enrollment rate. Special education was a patch of general education. Teaching in accordance with students’ aptitudes and characteristics and educating with consideration of personality should be the key and the final goal was to make the children return to general education.

在馮武斌看來，國家出臺具體的特殊教育學校的相關政策，來提高這類學校的準入門檻，規(guī)范教育辦學，并制訂更為嚴格、可操作的監(jiān)管辦法，是“當務之急”。

對于由問題青年學校產(chǎn)生的悲劇，江西一所特殊教育學校——“卓爾教育中心”的校長胡一夫表示，經(jīng)過深入了解，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這些被視為問題青年的孩子中，相當一部分都很優(yōu)秀，有的鋼琴通過了八級，有的是國家二級運動員，有的曾經(jīng)也是“三好生”。

在他看來，現(xiàn)行教育體制似乎對問題青年的教育心有余而力不足。普通學校的老師壓力太大，要提高班級的升學率，還要應付評職稱、評優(yōu)。如果用有限的時間來管幾個“差生”，對他們來說是“撿起芝麻丟了西瓜”。但無論怎樣，問題青年的成長教育應該在普通學校內(nèi)完成。但是，不改變現(xiàn)行教育體制和教育考評體系，問題青年的教育任務，就不可能被普通學校放在與升學率同等重要的位置上。特殊教育是給普通教育打補丁，因材施教、個性化教育是關鍵，最終還是要讓孩子們回歸普通教育。

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The troubled teenager who has failed the college entrance examination for three times and been frequently refused in interviews becomes the richest man in the world -- Ma Yun. He takes the university entrance examinations for three times， the first time he gets one point in Mathematics， and a math teacher surnamed Yu once says to Ma Yun with extreme disappointment， \"Ma Yun， your math is incurable. If you could get 60 points， I would write my name upside down.\" - Biography of Ma Yun

三次參加高考，應聘屢屢被拒的問題青年成了世界首富——馬云，高考考了三次，第一次數(shù)學就得了一分，一位余姓的數(shù)學老師曾經(jīng)失望至極地對馬云說，“馬云，你的數(shù)學真是無可救藥，如果你能考過60分，我的余字倒著寫。” ——《馬云傳》

The troubled teenager who has never been thought highly of -- Lin Dan， no flowery words but only sincerity， calm and an open heart. This is the plainest mood record of me， a badminton player and a man who is almost thirty years old. Since I was a child， I have never been the merit student that our coach likes， but I tell my mother： \"It doesn't matter， the United States has Jordan and China has Lin Dan.\" Life is like a competition， even if it looks like a underdog now， the inversion may happen. -- To The End of The Worlds by Lin Dan.

一直不被看好的問題青年成了世界冠軍——林丹，沒有華麗的辭藻，有的只是真誠，坦然與從容。這也是我作為一個羽毛球運動員，一個即將到而立之年的男人最樸實的心情實錄。從小到大，我就不是教練喜歡的三好學生。但是我跟我媽說：“沒關系，美國有喬丹，中國有林丹。”人生如賽場，即使不被看好，也能實現(xiàn)反轉(zhuǎn)。——林丹《直到世界盡頭》

Socially handicapped youths have contributed to social network -- the young man called Zuckerberg is not very sociable. The look on his face is kind of indifference between bashfulness and arrogance. Coming across the topic he is interested in， he will speak quickly with no stop， and if the topic does not attract him， he is easily distracted and will answer perfunctorily \"yes， yes\"， sometimes he even forgets to answer others’ questions which were asked a long time ago， therefore， some people describe him as \"a robot with excessive programming\".

社交障礙青年造就了社交網(wǎng)絡——扎克伯格，非常不擅長社交，他的臉上總是有著一種介于害羞和傲慢之間的冷漠。遇到感興趣的話題，他就會語速飛快地說個不停，遇到不感興趣的話題，他就很容易走神，完全敷衍地說著“是，是”，有時候甚至會忘記回答別人問了半天的問題，因而有人形容他“像是編程過度的機器人”。