許書鳳
摘要:《英語課程標準》積極倡導任務型教學途徑,讓學生在教師的指導下,通過感知、體驗、實踐、參與和合作等方式進行自主學習,并且主動地運用所學語言去做事情,在做事情的過程中自然地運用所學語言,在使用所學語言做事情的過程中發展語言的能力。在閱讀課上通過讓學生閱讀,把獲取的信息運用到再閱讀中,可以培養學生的綜合語言運用能力。
關鍵詞:閱讀資源;閱讀技巧;閱讀運用
中圖分類號:G632.0 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2014)07-0099
一、開發閱讀資源
報刊作為一種時事英語,迎合現代生活節奏,突出閱讀話題,可以在學習和生活之間搭起一座橋梁。《英語課程標準》明確指出:“英語課程要求合理利用和積極開發課程資源,給學生提供貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近時代的內容健康和豐富的課程資源;要積極利用音像、電視、書刊雜志、網絡信息等豐富的教學資源,拓展學習和運用英語的渠道。”目前,我國自行出版、可供中學生使用的英語報刊越來越多,與教材相比,英語報刊具有更加方便、靈活且實用的優勢,主要表現為:
1. 報紙語言鮮活、真實地道、圖文并茂,貼近現實生活,有助于提高學生運用語言的能力。2. 報紙內容通俗新穎、關注時事熱點、緊跟時代步伐,有效地避免教材與現實生活脫節的一些現象,有利于激發學生的學習興趣。3. 報紙題材廣泛、信息多樣,涉及政治、經濟、科技、文化和思維等各方面的內容,無疑有助于擴大學生的知識面、增加其詞匯量、豐富其語言知識,而且有助于培養學生的觀察、記憶、思維、想象能力和創新精神。4. 此類報紙與初中教材基本保持同步,有利于補充和擴展教材內容,加深學生對教材內容的理解和掌握。
二、細化閱讀技巧
學生在閱讀時最大的障礙就是生詞、難句和部分細節方面的理解。所以,教師在平時的閱讀訓練方面,應設計一些此類題目給予學生必要的閱讀技巧方面的指導。
例如:1. 猜詞方面:
(1)同義:When the officer surrendered, the others gave up too.
(2)對照:Chinese President Hu Jintao recently called on the whole nation to adopt “Eight Honors, Eight Disgraces”.
(3)構詞法:Serve; dont disserve the people.
(4)生活常識:On some bags for food we often see“Shelf life: 6 months” .
2. 細節閱讀方面:
(1)The rain lasted until three in the afternoon. Suddenly, it stopped and people could see the stars in the sky. They thought it would be fine the next day. But nobody knew the flood was coming...
Q: The flood came that.
A. morningB. afternoonC. eveningD. night.
指導學生根據關鍵詞“the stars”, “nobody knew” 而知 “The flood came that night.”。
(2)...He looked around, there was nobody there. He took the bag out of the car, put it on the bike behind the house and hurried off. He didnt find a car following him until he went in a narrow street.
Q: The man left . A. by carB. by bikeC. on footD. by bus
根據細節“out of the car”, “on the bike”, “ a narrow street” 可推斷 “The man left by bike.”。
三、強化閱讀實踐
1. 限時閱讀
教師可選擇一些簡單有趣的故事、記敘文題材的文章讓學生根據“where, who, what, when, why”等問題來快速閱讀,之后讓其復述大意。目的是為了使學生養成快速閱讀文章和迅速組織語言的能力,從而培養學生的口語運用能力。
教師可根據學生的實際情況,幫助學生運用圖表形式或根據關鍵詞進行復述,以降低難度。如:新目標八年級上Unit 9 Section B 3a 部分,教師可以設計如下圖表關鍵詞,幫助學生復述:
教師不必計較一些細碎的語法方面的失誤,只要學生敢于動口,能說出大意就夠了。這種閱讀訓練方式,不但培養了學生的快速閱讀習慣,同時,也逐漸消除了學生怯于張口的不良習慣,從而提高了學生的口語能力。
2. 實踐閱讀
《英語課程標準》大力倡導學生運用所學語言去做事情,在做事情的過程中自然地運用所學語言,在使用所學語言做事情的過程中發展語言的能力。通過閱讀,讓學生將閱讀中所獲得的信息運用到做事情中去,是對學生閱讀能力的最終要求。下面是一堂九年級英語閱讀課實例,該教師讓學生通過閱讀一篇有關“購物”常識的短文,要求學生現場模擬購物比賽。原文摘錄如下:
We all know, as sellers, they always want to sell things as expensively as they can. How can sellers do so? First, they say such words very politely to the buyers: “Can I help you?” or “what can I do for you?”. Then they will try their best to introduce their things by saying very beautiful words such as “Good and cheap! It looks really nice! ...Please take it/them...” When the buyers just show that they are interested in the things. Perhaps the sellers will raise prices.
As buyers, you should be very careful while you are shopping. You should not only pay great attention to the quality of the goods, but also to their prices. Famous brands are in good quality but always too expensive. So its not good for students to pursue famous brands. Remember to give a low price when you really want to buy something. You can say “oh, thats too expensive! Can you give me a discount? Can it /they be cheaper? ... How about...Yuan?”. When you buy some clothes or shoes, dont forget to try them on.
If you find the things youve bought are in bad quality, you have the right to ask the sellers to change them. If the sellers refuse to do that, you can dial 96315 or 12315 for help.
步驟1:快速閱讀材料。
步驟2:根據教師所設情景模擬購物(評價依據:買賣雙方在購物時是否得體地使用了文中給出的語言;是否注意文中提到的有關的購物常識等。)
步驟3:評價反饋。
情景1:買賣雙方經過激烈的討價還價后(語言基本得體),買方終于買了一雙鞋子,但卻忘記了文中提及的有關購物常識 “When you buy some clothes or shoes, dont forget to try them on.”。
反饋:注意閱讀細節及生活常識。
情景2:買藥者只顧貪圖便宜而買了一瓶沒有任何商標的感冒藥,經提醒后買者自認倒霉而另尋他人。反饋:賣方在沒有醫生處方時不能出售非處方類藥品(生活常識);買方發現受騙后沒有做到“dial 96315 or 12315 for help”來維護自己的利益。(閱讀細節及生活常識)
此類練習的最大優點在于:學生能夠將閱讀獲得的信息和生活常識緊密地結合在一起,并積極地運用到實踐中,又通過實踐和教師的反饋來檢查閱讀時的不足,從而實現在學中做、做中學。