摘 要:小學英語教師在教學英語語篇時,將教學過程分為三個步驟:1.閱讀前;2.閱讀中;3.閱讀后。在教學中,教師一定要聚焦各個環節的目標,設計合理有效的任務。
關鍵詞:讀前; 讀中; 讀后; 目標; 任務
中圖分類號:G623.31 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-3315(2014)08-051-002
小學英語教師在進行英語語篇教學時,將教學過程分為三個步驟:1.閱讀前;2.閱讀中;3.閱讀后。在這三個環節中設計任務時,教師一定要聚焦各個環節教學的目標,設計合理任務。下面筆者就幾個教學片段談談這三個環節中任務的設計:
教學片段一:在教學《牛津小學英語》5B Unit 8 At the weekends A 板塊的語篇時,筆者在“讀前”環節中設計了以下的任務:
Task1:Brain Storm.: Please say some sentences according to the following sentences.
(1) I can do many things.
(2) I have many hobbies.
在學生根據句子說出相關句子時,教師就學生所說句子適時與生交流,如 Can you make a model ship for me? When do you play basketball? 等。
此環節任務設計的目標是激發學生的興趣和求知欲,主要任務是“預測”,這樣能激發學生的求知欲。而以上片斷中只是交際性任務,沒有達到此環節任務設計的目標,可將任務稍做修改:
Task1:
Brain Storm.: Please say some sentences according to the following sentences.
(1)I can do many things.
(2)I do many things on Saturdays and Sundays.
在學生根據所給句子說出相關句子時,教師適時與生交流,如
Can you sing well? Where do you play basketball?等。
Task2: Predict
T: Boys and girls, some students are in the classroom, they are talking about something. What are they talking about, please guess.
S: Are they talking about their teachers?
T: Maybe.
S: Are they talking about their classroom?
T: Perhaps.
在修改后的教學片段中,教師設計了兩個任務,第一個是根據兩句話說出相關句子。第二個是預測學生們所談論的內容。教師加入預測環節,激發了學生學習語篇的興趣。
教學片段二:在教學《牛津小學英語》5A Unit 4 Halloween A 板塊的語篇時,有位教師在“讀中”環節設計了以下任務:
Task: Read the dialogue carefully and judge the sentences.
1.( )Ben and his family are in the dining-room.
2.( )They would like buying things for a Halloween party.
3.( )Ben likes mask and lantern.
4.( )Ron likes horses masks, tigers masks and monkeys masks.
在以上片斷中,第2-4條判斷都有明顯的語法錯誤,學生無需閱讀語篇就能判斷。
“閱讀中活動”任務設計的目標是:通過閱讀了解文本的大意,獲取文本的細節性信息。而上述片斷中的任務忽略了對語篇的整體理解和細節信息的把握。
可將上述任務做以下修改:
Task: Read the dialogue carefully and judge the sentences.
1.( )Ben and his family would like to buy things for a birthday party.
2.( )It’s Halloween tomorrow.
3.( )They buy some chocolate, some flowers, a vase, a pumpkin lantern and some masks.
4.( )Ben and Ron both like masks.
修改過的題目中第一題考察語篇的大意,第2,3,4題考察語篇的細節問題。學生完成此項任務后,能抓住語篇的框架,也獲取細節信息,培養學生的閱讀能力。
教學片段四:
在教學《牛津小學英語》5B Unit 8 At the weekends A 板塊的語篇時,筆者在“讀后”環節中設計了以下的任務:
Task:Please retell the dialogue according to the blackboard design.
Blackboard Design:
Wang Bing surf the Internet go swimming play basketball
Mike go climbing listen to music go t o the cinema
Helen watch TV and do housework
Yang Ling go to the park clean the rooms wash the clothes
Su Hai and Su Yang watch cartoons catch butterflies
在以上教學片斷中,學生根據板書復述課文,在這個階段中,教師更應該側重訓練學生運用語篇信息。筆者將任務做了修改:
Task1:Please retell the dialogue according to the blackboard design.
Wang Bing surf the Internet go swimming play basketball
Mike go climbing listen to music go to the cinema
Helen watch TV and do housework
Yang Ling go to the park clean the rooms wash the clothes
Su Hai and Su Yang watch cartoons catch butterflies
You can talk about one student’s weekend, or two students’
weekends, or all the students’ weekends, if you talk about one student’s weekend, you can get one star, if you talk about two students’ weekends, you can get two stars, if you talk about all the students weekends, you can get three stars.
Task2:學校大隊部想要了解學生的周末生活,請你采訪你身邊的朋友,看看他們周末是怎么度過的吧。
在學生采訪結束后做一個報告,可以使用一下句型:
My friend… likes, but …doesn’t, he/she likes…
在修改過的片斷中,教師設計了兩個任務,一是根據板書復述課文,學生可以選擇其中一個或兩個或全部人物。二是讓學生采訪身邊的伙伴們周末是怎么度過的,再做一個簡單的報告,這樣為學生提供了學以致用的機會。
“閱讀前活動”的目標是激發學生的求知欲,“閱讀中活動”的目標是讓學生通過閱讀了解文本的大意和獲取細節性信息,“閱讀后活動”的目標是梳理語篇并將所學知識學以致用。在這三個環節中設計任務時一定要聚焦目標,設計合理有效的任務。