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吉拉德·奈斯特勒

2014-04-29 00:00:00
藝術時代 2014年6期

Li Zhenhua: Please tell us more about yourself and your project dealing with economy.

Gerald Nestler: As an artist (trained as a painter at the Academy of fine arts Vienna) I engaged with media and internet art in the beginning of the 1990s. the world wide web was then not a reality but there was a strong notion of the ’primordial’ internet as a new field of artistic experiment, exchange and aesthetics. However, I realized rather quickly that its development would result in a social field of multifarious actors and interests, with the economy as a major player (while the initial utopia was more about an alternative field beyond economic profit relations). This led me to investigate economy and (as I thought of it as a pressing issue, the aspect that had become its core) financial markets. Rather than studying the field academically, I decide to engage directly - as an artist I was not only interested in the theory but also in the practices in the field as well as the possible ’effects’ on me as a person - and started to work as a broker and trader (1994-7). This artistic fieldwork was certainly extremely instructive on a lot of levels and has since posed the foundation from which I’ve developed my work both as an artist and a researcher/ writer. I read financial derivatives as a state of the art convergence of mathematics, physics, speculation, economics, quantification, logistics, and computation in between probability regime and matter, which in my reading has informed social relations beyond finance and the market proper - hence what I call Human Derivative as the currently constitutive notion of biopolitical subjectivity, or, in other words, the glue and at the same time solvent of relationality (in the words of Stiegler, the both toxic and curing‘pharmacon’). social relations, therefore, to me have in many ways become derivative (thus extending the notion of financilization), not in the simple use of the term ‘deriving from’ but by an apparatus that was initially developed in finance to rationalize and evaluate risk and thus render a future-at-present. in line with Elie Ayache, I see derivatives as a technology proper, or, what I term, a technowledge - and one of the initial fields of algorithmization. here lies the root that allows reading(i.e. forces us to read) them beyond their distinct and rather arcane manifestation in the markets, as the increasingly underlying principle of social relations/evaluations between people as well as their institutions.

In very short words (too short, I fear), while from the perspective of politics we speak of subjects, a society that bases its desire to produce a future out of the present on economization is derivative.

Li Zhenhua: so what the next deri-vatives, and what you think of the social-media engaged auction and sales? how much we involved in the future-at-presents with the technology which will change our behavior and society, importantly our mind of thinking and reaction to things, what do you see the participative culture today and the occupy spirit? Your work plastic tradeoff is a real time project focus on the changes of the economy world, what brings you this focus and why?

Gerald Nestler: plastic trade-off is a project we realized in 2006 and thus before the current crisis (the foundation of my concept of Human Derivatives was also developed long before this epochmaking event). it maps notions such as globalization, concurrency, competition, technolo-gy, algorithmic circuits, and econo-mics realized in the markets and at the same time illustrates in the most obvious ways in as much these notions are ideologies rather than realities - meaning that ideology is framing and making reality against other possible realities. If you like, it is the portrait, or emblem, of a bio-political system beyond politics by addressing the turn in notions such as performance, speculation, logistics, decision-making power, etc. I won’t go into further details of the work as such, as you can find those on my and Sylvia’s webpages(http://www.geraldnestler.net / plastictradeoff/index.htm / http://syleckermann.net /plastictradeoff/index.html)

Li Zhenhua: your work function on the world economy surveillance system, what have been changed in the last 8 years, do you gathering those info for further development in your work, and what that relate to the reality? does money transfer change the world or does that have a invisible relation to the change of the world today?

Gerald Nestler: plastic trade-off is a project we realized in 2006 and thus before the current crisis (the foundation of my concept of Human Derivatives was also developed long before this epochmaking event). it maps notions such as globalization, concurrency, competition, technolo-gy, algorithmic circuits, and econo-mics realized in the markets and at the same time illustrates in the most obvious ways in as much these notions are ideologies rather than realities - meaning that ideology is framing and making reality against other possible realities. If you like, it is the portrait, or emblem, of a bio-political system beyond politics by addressing the turn in notions such as performance, speculation, logistics, decision-making power, etc. I won’t go into further details of the work as such, as you can find those on my and Sylvia’s webpages (http://www. geraldnestler.net / plastictradeoff/index.htm / http://syl-eckermann.net /plastictradeoff/index. html)

Li Zhenhua: your work function on the world economy surveillance system, what have been changed in the last 8 years, do you gathering those info for further development in your work, and what that relate to the reality? does money transfer change the world or does that have a invisible relation to the change of the world today?

Gerald Nestler: Yes, I do. And regarding the ‘changes’ - not long after Plastic Tradeoff was presented, the financial crisis hit at global dimensions. Interestingly, this did not lead to stricter regulation. Quite to the contrary, we are even more under the dictates of neoliberal economic ’necessities’ with financial markets as the paradigmatic institutions of global governance. Nation states have been financialized to a much larger degree than before. For a lot of people, reality has a darker shade of meaning with terribly restricted possibilities for their present as well as future. Technological development, quantitative evaluation and self-regulation have brought about a situation in which financial markets – even though they constitute a heavily contested field of diverging ideologies and interests within - has become quasitotalitarian, i.e. governs the world but cannot be governed by the ‘world’. Crucially, self-regulation interferes with public interests, which have to submit to the wills of financialization. Financial markets from stock exchanges to complex derivative markets are based on money as the ‘material’ equivalent of price (with price discovery being the essence of financial markets) and therefore money is the agent of these changes. It’s not only money in its physical appearance but as a token against uncertainty, as the medium of pricing the future(at-present). If price negotiates change in the world (what is valued over something else), money supplements this process as agent (an extremely powerful agent, as it were, as the immense range of agency from austerity measures and debt traps to quantitative easing and offshore tax havens indicates). Today, money is rather a speculative trajectory redeeming future profits on quantified risk options at present (with the future and the present divided by microseconds only in high-frequency trading) rather than an investment tool for classical capitalist production cycles.

Li Zhenhua: When we talk about economy or intangible issues in art, what do you see your position for now?

Gerald Nestler: This question is not easy to answer because it depends on the entry point for the discussion.

it would on the one hand mean a discussion of (partly conflicting) terms such as value and price, credit and speculation - i.e. recognition and the notion of making the future as an interpretative (probabilistic) ‘oracle’of the world in which we will dwell or will be expelled from (both in human and algo time horizons) and a forensics of the future in contrast to reality constructs of the past - it therefore deals with the politics of narratives in which the intangible is less a form of the spiritual (of whatever color) but options of matter not yet actualized but already calibrated (derivatives as evaluation machines). this is specifically interesting for(visual) art, as it entails a power regime that arguably for the first time in history is ‘iconoclast’ - it is not only devoid of representation but would rather destroy representation if there was one (how do you visualize the maths of algorithms or derivatives that are the cybernetic profit and evaluation machines in order to communicate their meaning, i.e. tell their story? to me, not by coincidence this is beyond the visual as we know it). so, how can we comprehend, narrate and counter a system quite devoid of visuality and representative artifacts(a fundamental precinct of human perception and understanding)? what are our material means to unearth what seems immaterial and is at the same time truly material in the way it constructs relations? Thus the new interest in philosophy in objects as a narrative vectors of relations rather than fixed things? how much affirmation is entailed to comprehend in order to craft artistic works that incorporate actual critique? there seems to be a necessity for a change towards research, performance and activism, a more political approach which once more focuses on the Aristotelian divide between polis and oeconomia but with an understanding of technologies, media and recognition apparatuses...

on the other hand, with less and less artistic space for exchange, discussion and representation outside the market framework (which today not only includes collectors, galleries, auction houses, art fairs but increasingly museums, biennials and other formats)- which implies an increase in precariousness - the intangible is, bluntly, whatever is not touched by the market. one could, in very brief words, surmount this to the observation of the collector-gallery-art fair-triumvirat in which the underlying value (paradigmatic modern and avant-garde art) is sustained by engagement with contemporary work, which would here be defined as being based on (i.e. contextualising) the underlying; yet and crucially is devoid of its radical political impetus. a true derivative principle, which allows maintaining the price of the pure (castrated) value of modern/avantgarde art by scores of contemporary risk options which deliver the future artistic ’hall-of-famers’ (or, with a word used, the ‘blue chips’) and thus ongoing ideological supremacy, the sine qua non of a specific understanding of art on a level of economized rather

than political relations and engage-ment. this, to be clear, is a trap also political art tends to fall into more often than not, when it is part and parcel of attention economy strate-gies.

Li Zhenhua: Iconoclast is an interes-ting term, What is the tradition, do we construct it ourselves, or we just use it because is better to be there for the contrast of something unpredicted or unstable? I am also interested in what you said about the artistic exchange and space, I assume we have never the broad band like today to connect art is a full and total in our time, art have been transformed so much, in your work plastic tradeoff, the artistic engagement is so strong still, because the dynamic and comprehensive involvement of the work have construct or just shifted the beauty of the reality make it so fascinating, even without the knowledge of the economy of today, that people can still experience the light as enlightenment, that make me think lots of what we know and what we do not know, and our society developed so much in this direction toward the separated knowledge based modular or micro social society. People do not share the same knowledge or a common ground for understanding, do you see art have the possibility in sharing understanding, but not in the tool or usefulness driven aspect.

Gerald Nestler: My use of the term iconoclast is less about a furor to destroy images and narratives but more about a notion of a realm which ‘has never known’ images, representations, as a form of public communication. Algorithms, for example, are operations, not representations. However, to communicate and convey meaning and deal with the unstable and unpredictable, as you say, the visual, or to use a broader term, the sensual, is prerequisite. So, I don’t use iconoclast within its typical meaning. It rather denotes operational processes that are beyond perception(quasi-aniconic). One example how to dissolve such‘iconoclasm’ at least to some degree is the story I tell in my work Countering Capitulation (https://vimeo.com/ geraldnestler) and my accompanying text Mayhem in Mahwah (www.geraldnestler.net - last text in the white book).

Knowledge society proves to be less about learning to know than aboutbeing informed (in its double meaning), less about inquiring than participating. By taking part we are information resource; we are shifting and changing‘states,’ still stable enough to attach specific ‘truths’ to a person (e.g. by data mining). This ‘truth’ is part of the current construction of subjectivity; it is our cultural sphere. Beauty as a notion of disinterested enjoyment might (again) be a luxury for the few, the 1 per cent; but I’m not sure if this classical Western idea is still valid. What is disinterest if speculation is on interest of appreciation? However, beauty might be in the complexities that form societies, organisms, etc., which could lead to the insight that beauty is precondition for inquiry beyond conventional contemporary art and its interpretative openness– you can playand enjoy the symbolic level but an alternative approach might be triggered, which would lead to queries and a deep involvement with specific issues. We “know” (but might not always admit it) that everything we do has consequences. In a world of networked information, everything is connected and thus becomes a sensor and a trigger. Consequences abound. Concerning artistic practice, I think “aesthetics in the field of consequences” (to use a term by Anselm Franke and EyalWeizman) is an example for an interesting approach, as it goes beyond symbolic representation (and, of course, the old divide between the artist/genius and the observing art lover) to forms of artistic engagement both of archeological and/or forensic investigation and the visualization of presences from which evidence emerges. This approach seems to fulfill the idea of sharing an understanding even though it is not (or doesn’t have to be) participatory or interactive in the sense of e.g. media art. Rather, it opens to discourse, knowledge, and debate by inviting and assembling different spheres, or, as you say, “micro” societies of engagement. It might not facilitatefar-reaching common ground directly but is still the site of \"common grounding\" as a process of focusing and sharing radical thought and activism. Those who participate often engage in different forms of activism, and art would be a ‘place’ where different forms of activism meet, share and discuss. Other than that, artworks might sometimes be able to provoke emotions and thought, but I’m not sure if as an artist you can or should control this if you don’t want to engage in art as calculus. We all speculate, I guess, but in my case, I prefer to speculate on speculation rather than on instrumentalizing my ‘success options.’

“后人類學”的世界

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李振華 X Gerald Nestler

(李振華=LZH , Gerald Nestler=GN )

LZH: 請向讀者介紹一下你自己,以及你以經濟為話題的項目。

GN:我是一名藝術家,早年在維也納藝術大學接受了繪畫訓練。自90年代初期起,我投入在媒體藝術和網絡藝術的創作中。在當時,我們今日熟知的“萬維網”(world wide web)還不是廣泛存在的現實,但當時已存在強烈的、以網絡形態的原始雛形作為新興藝術實驗、交流和審美發生場所的觀念。然而,我迅速地意識到,網絡的發展將會帶來更廣泛的、擁有多重參與者和興趣點的社會領域的誕生,在這個社會形態中,經濟將會扮演主要的角色(而早期的烏托邦概念則更多地是關于一種有別于經濟利益關系的社會形態)。

這樣的意識讓我開始研究經濟領域,尤其是金融市場。在網絡的早期時代,對金融市場的注意力激增。我并沒有用學術的方法來研究這個領域,而是選擇了直接參與進去——作為一個藝術家,我不僅對理論感興趣,也想了解金融領域中的實踐、以及這些實踐對于我作為個體所產生何種生理和心理“效用”。因此,在94年到97年之間,我選擇了從事金融交易員和經紀人的工作。這次藝術的領域研究無疑是在很多層面極其有指導性的,也為我作為一個藝術家和研究者/寫作者的工作發展奠定了很好的基礎。

我理解金融衍生品為一種建立在概率和物質的邊界上的、融合了數學、經濟學、量化、電腦運算和邏輯學的藝術狀態,并置身于一個量化推測的空間,鏈接物質與概率、不確定與確定的風險抉擇。由于其作用方式的不同,衍生品上升為某種個體市場經紀者的概念,并以此影響更大范圍的社會。因此,衍生品產生了一種獨立的關系,成為了對主觀生產的生物政治控制框架,在我的理解中,這也啟發了金融和市場之外的社會關系,因此我稱之為“人性衍生品”。“人性衍生品”換言之,既是關系性的粘劑,又是溶劑。(用斯蒂格勒的話來說,既是毒藥也是解藥。 )

因此,在我看來社會關系在很多方面都成為了某種衍生品(也因此延伸了金融化的概念),在這里“衍生品”并不是簡單地挪用“派生出”、“衍生出”一詞的含義,而是類比作為一種最初在金融領域產生,用理性化預估風險,并將未來反應于當下的金融工具的“衍生品”。和Elie Ayache一樣,我認為衍生品是一種“未來科技”——用我的用語來描述,是一種結合了知識與科技的“技識”,衍生品也是算法化進程的早期領域之一。這也奠定了我們用另一種超越了市場的途徑來解讀(或者說被強迫解讀)衍生品,一種更為隱秘的呈現方式。這種解讀偏重于其如何逐漸成為人與人、機構與機構之間的社會關系/社會評估的隱藏原則。

長話短說(我恐怕過于短了),從政治話題視角出發,我們所談論的主觀性或主觀關系都轉化成了社會的衍生品,這些衍生品的訴求是用以推測生產未來的金融分析。

LZH: 下一種衍生品是什么呢?你怎么看待社交媒體深深介入的拍賣和銷售領域?我們在多大程度上介入到了將會改變我們的行為和社會結構的科技中?尤其是這樣的科技還會改變我們的思維方式,以及對事物的反應?你怎們看待今日的參與型文化生態,以及占領精神?

GN:舉個例子說,當我們觀察今天關于人類世界和大數據的討論,我們可以探測到,“參與觀念”正在以一種比以往更為廣泛而基礎的規模存在。

當下存在很多基于科學論述、工業生產和技術研究的過程,在這些過程中“參與”其實是“強迫”的參與。參與是以“無意識”的狀態被計算進“大數據”中去的。“人類世” 作為一個概念常常詮釋一種社會心理,亦即,讓我們意識到我們的行為都在不知不覺地參與進社會關系。

在大數據的語境下,我們的“參與”來自于被無數的感應器構成的網絡記錄和分析我們的每一個行動的痕跡,也因此(反直覺地)推理出我們的訴求。在傳統的自由政治經濟中,欲望會(令人不喜地)導致行動,這也被歸為“市場參與”的領域,這種認為個體是企業者、強調升值多過需求滿足的新自由主義范式觀念在大數據中則不同。在這個語境中,欲望是被用算法預先計算出來的,而非事后被控制。換言之,大數據對項目的控制來自于其對未來行動、欲求和想像的預測。“參與”則是這樣的一個語匯:它代表者一種“發生”的指向或者軌道,在框架中被預先量化,并因此得到建構和評估。

“參與”會和你對話,甚至展示給你你的欲求(或“應有”的欲求)。“人類世”的概念提供了這樣的一種洞察:人類的行為將會參與和進入到地球的未來命運,這是一種政治的認知論(對人類影響力的認知,以及因此產生的、對改變的呼吁),而大數據則通過算法過程,在整理著我們的社會(從一個既政治,又懷特海·特色的意義上講)。

就算我們從現在推算出的未來,在一種超越人類認知能力的時間維度“發生”了,我們也在本質上以介質和來源的形式參與進了這個過程:我們的參與既是主動的、也是被動的;既是生態的、也是經濟的。而在深淵之中,我們會找到一個——用一個有點過時的詞語——“工廠”,這個工廠生產著世界的衍生品狀態。“參與”不僅僅是描述自愿介入的詞,它也是在社會經濟競爭領域的一種以“欲望”為獵物的生物政治工具,并在今日也會引領政治。今日的“參與”,與其說是強化對特定領域的政治主題的“參與”,不如說是被誘騙至一種重新發明自我的狀態,產生出一套套的風險選擇衍生品,以彌補潛藏的、關乎個體金融化未來收益的商業利益。(我們能想起,Ayache稱衍生品為“未來的科技”)

在我的觀點里,“占領精神”不僅在私有化的公共空間里發生,也體現在了電子世界中,充滿了控制論估算策劃們的“算法空間”里。如果我們不想有天發現自己生活在“后人類學”的世界,算法決定了我們和我們所生活的地球的命運。

LZH: 你的作品,《交易》是一個實時項目,聚集于在經濟世界發生的變化。是什么引發了你的想法,為什么?

GN: 《交易》是我們在2006年做的一個項目,是在環球金融危機之前(我的“人性衍生品”的概念也產生于這次震蕩全球的大事件之前)。

這個作品測繪了各式各樣實現在市場中的概念,包括全球化、并發、競爭、科技、算法電路、以及經濟學,與此同時,作品也用明顯的方式描繪了這樣的觀點:這些概念與其說是“現實”(realities),不如說是“意識形態”(ideologies)-所謂“意識形態’就是對現實進行框架化,用框起來的部分現實來挑戰其他可能的現實(比如說,新自由主義的觀念是有意反對社會主義理想的)。

這個作品可以說是一個對超越政治本身的“生物政治”系統的象征或者肖像,通過例如表演、沉思、邏輯和決定性力量等概念來論述。我不會在這里過多闡釋作品的細節,你可以在Sylvia和我的網站上找到這個作品的更多信息。 (http:// www.geraldnestler.net/plastictradeoff/ index.htm / http://syl-eckermann.net/ plastictradeoff/index.html)

LZH: 你的作品也關注于世界經濟的監管系統,在過去的八年間,有什么發生了變化? 你收集那些數據,是為了進一步發展你的項目嗎?這些和現實之間的關聯是什么?貨幣交易是否改變著世界,或者與世界正在發生的變化有隱形的關聯?

GN:是的,說到“改變”,《交易》展出后不久,經濟危機到來了,并迅速蔓延至全球。非常有趣的是,這并沒有讓經濟領域的管制變得更為嚴格。相反地,我們更加受制于新自由主義經濟“必要性”的獨裁,金融系統依然是世界統治地位的機構范式。民族國家已經如此地“金融化”了,以至于“現實”這個詞也多了一層含義的陰影,暗示著一個對很多人來說,可能性更加受制的時代。

科技發展、量化評估和自我調節機制已經產生了這樣的一個情境:金融——即使它本身已經是如此充滿了分離的意識形態和利益分歧的、有爭議的領域——已經成為了一種準極權的存在。也就是說,它現在正統治著世界,卻沒有被世界所統治。非常關鍵地,自我調節機制已經干涉了公共利益,并且必須服從于金融化。

金融市場,從股票交易到復雜的衍生品市場,都基于作為等同于“價格”的“物質”:貨幣。(價格發現 是金融市場的精華)。因此,貨幣是所述交換的介質——并不僅僅是以實體貨幣形態存在的介質,而是抵制不確定性的象征物、是為未來(當下所見之未來)定價的媒介。

如果世界上的議價發生了改變(比如說,某種物品的價格超過其他),貨幣則在這個過程中起到補充性的介質作用(事實上是一種至關重要的介質,它涵蓋范圍之大,從財政緊縮措施到債務陷阱、從量化寬松政策到避稅天堂等)。今日,貨幣是一個用未來利益來挽救當下風險的投機選擇(“未來”和“現在”之間的差距,在高頻貿易中,以微秒計算),而不是一種在傳統資本主義生產循環中的投資工具。

LZH:當我們談論到經濟等藝術中的無形因素,你怎么看待你在當下的位置?

GN:這個問題很難回答,因為這取決于這場討論的切入點。

一方面,這意味著一場關于包括價值、價格、信用和投機等(有些沖突的)概念,亦即,一種把未來變為對于我們將來生存于、或被流放之世界的“哲言”式認知觀念(不論使用人類還是算法的向度),這一觀念也對未來取證,不同于現實建構的過去。因此,它對待敘事政治的態度里,“不可觸摸”者更多地是還未被確定,但已被計算(或者說,被估算機器“派生”出)的、物質的種種可能性,而非(不論什么論調的)精神形式。

這對于視覺藝術來說尤其有趣,鑒于它意味著一個強大的、歷史上頭一回“反傳統”的權力——它不僅缺乏代表性,而且寧可摧毀現存的代表性(你如何對作為控制論利益和評估機器的算法、數學和衍生品進行視覺化,以傳達它們的含義,抑或講述它們的故事?對我來說,這并非巧合地、也是超出了我們理解的“視覺”的范疇)。因此,我們怎么能夠理解、敘述或者響應這樣一個缺乏視覺性和代表性人工品的系統(既然人工品是人們認知和理解的基本區域)?我們的“物質”概念深挖出看似非物質的、卻又同時在建構關系的方式上確實有物質性之物,這意味著什么?因此,新的哲學研究興趣在于物件作為關于“關系”而非固定事物的敘事向度?對于制作容納了實際批判性的藝術創作的理解,收獲了多少肯定?這些都似乎是指向一場在研究、表演和行動主義范疇之改變的必要性,指向一個更為政治性的方法,更加聚焦于亞里士多德式的政治(polis)和經濟(economia)區別,但加入了一種對于徜徉于二者之間的科技、媒體和評估設備的理解。

另一方面,在市場框架之外藝術交流、討論和呈現的空間越來越少(在今天,不僅包括藏家、畫廊、拍賣行、藝術展會,也包括越來越多的博物館、美術館、雙年展和其他的形式)——這意味著不穩定性的增加,說白了,所謂“無形因素”,就是尚未被市場觸及和估價的存在。簡言之,人們可以將此歸結成一種對于藏家-畫廊-藝術展會三者并立局面的觀察,在此局面之中,底層的價值(當代和先鋒藝術范式)是通過與當代作品的持續接觸維持的,在此也可被定義為基于底層價值的(或者、以之為語境的)。

同時,又缺乏作為真正衍生原則的,關鍵性、激進的政治推力,真正的眼神原則使得現代藝術/先鋒藝術的純粹價值(或曰被閹割的價值),未來藝術性的“名人堂” (抑或“藍籌股”),因此也從風險抉擇的評估被傳遞到了衍生價值機器(藝術機構)。這產生了持續的意識形態至上狀態,對藝術的某種特定理解的必要條件發生在一個經濟化的層面,而非政治關系和參與的層面。這是一種政治藝術都容易掉入的陷阱,當它是注意力經濟的戰略組成部分時。

LZH: “反傳統”是一個很有意思的詞,什么是傳統?我們是否建構了我們自己的傳統,或者我們只是使用傳統來當作一個針對未預料到、或不穩定事物的對比?我對你說到的空間和藝術交流的點也很感興趣,我猜想我們從未擁有過像這個時代這樣豐滿而全面的、寬廣而互相聯系的藝術。藝術已經發生了如此之多的轉型。在你的作品《交易》中,藝術參與是如此的強烈,而作品的動態性和綜合性建構出了、或者說轉移了真實之美,這使得作品是如此地吸引人,即使觀者沒有經濟知識,也能從作品中體驗到一種啟蒙式的光輝。這讓我聯想到我們知道什么,又不知道什么,我們的社會在向著知識分離的方向大步前進,成為了更為微結構社會。人們不再分享相同的知識、或者對事物的共同理解,在這樣的背景下,你是否認為藝術可以作為共享理解的一種方式?當然,不是出于工具或實用主義驅動的目的。

GN:我對“反傳統”一詞的使用,更多地是關于這樣一種境界,以從未出現過的圖像和呈現作為傳播的方式,而不是說摧毀一切圖像和敘事的、帶著政治狂熱性質的“反傳統”。比如說,算法就是一種操作方法,而非呈現方法。對于傳播和表達意義、以及處理不穩定、不可預測的事情上,“視覺”,或者更廣義地說,“感覺”,是先決條件。因此,我對“反傳統”一詞的使用并非它的典型含義。它表示一種超出感知(近乎無偶像)的操作流程。一個關于如何至少從某種程度上化解“反傳統”問題的例子是我用作品《反投降》(https://vimeo.com/geraldnestler) 、及相關文本( Mayhem in Mahwah:www. geraldnestler.net - 收錄于白色出版物最后一篇) 所講述的故事。

對我來說,所謂的知識社會更多地是關于信息(或“被傳達”),而非“知曉”,更多地是關于參與,而非“訴求”。在知識社會中,我們是信息資源,我們是不斷轉移和改變的物體,但又足夠穩定到可以將特定的“真相”歸結到一個人身上(比如說通過數據挖掘)。這個“真相”是當下主觀性構成的一部分,它是我們的文化空間。美作為一種無利害關系的享受,可能(再次)成為少數人(1%的人)的享樂。我不確定這種典型的西方觀點是否在當下依然有效。如果我們可以投機利益和升值,什么又是“無利害關系”的呢?

然而,美可以被看做是復雜性——正如復雜性也產生了社會和機體一樣。復雜性會帶來這樣的觀點:美是訴求的先決條件——你可以停留在象征層面去享受,但更深層次的利益可能被觸發,這將導致問題被提出,我想我們都“知道”(雖然我們不總是承認)每一件事情都有其后果。在一個互相聯系的信息社會,每一件事物都是相互關聯的,也相互觸發。這樣的觸發結果發生在任何時地。當我們在藝術語境下討論時,我認為在這種由“結果”組成的場域里(用 Anselm Franke和Eyal Weizman 的話來說,審美是一種有趣的切入方式,因為它遠離了純粹的、象征性的呈現(以及傳統的藝術家/天才-觀察者范式),以形成和藝術性地參與一種考古式的調查,和當下的視覺化呈現。

這樣的切入方式似乎可以滿足關于“共享理解”的觀點,即使它并不是(或者不一定要是)從媒體藝術角度來說,參與性的、交互性的。它通過邀請和組織不同的知識領域,或者像你說的,“微結構社會”,開啟了一種論述或者論辯。它或許不能提供范圍更大的“共有基礎”,它甚至拒絕所謂底層的、抑或先決存在的“共有基礎”。盡管如此,它依然會是一種產生激進和行動主義思潮的、有共有基礎特性的場所。參與其中的人或許已或多或少地介入在不同形式的激進主義中,而藝術世界則形成了這些參與角度相會的地點。除此之外,有時候藝術品可以激發感情和思考,但我不確定作為一個藝術家你可以、或者應該去控制和“制造”這些激發感,尤其是如果你不愿意以此積分方式參與藝術的話。我猜想,我們都會投機或推測未來,但是在我個人來說,我更喜歡預測這樣的方式:將我的“成功選擇”們“推測化”,而非“工具化”。

Sylvia Eckermann是一位藝術家,自1989年以來一直持續電子藝術方面的創作,并首屈一指地在以游戲藝術為主題的藝術裝置中使用了游戲引擎。她的作品創造了復雜的多媒體世界,觀者可以在真實或虛擬的空間里進行體驗。Sylvia的藝術作品產生于空間觀念,并傳達了沉浸式的體驗,容納各式各樣的情境。在她創設的音畫環境中,觀者可以成為表演者或游戲的參與者。在2012年,Sylvia榮獲奧地利影像和媒體藝術國家基金。

Sylvia Eckermann的交互裝置和媒體藝術作品曾經在如下地點展出:維也納博物館(維也納,1991)、維也納藝術館(維也納,1993)、博爾扎諾現代當代美術博物館(博爾扎諾,1993)、阿熏濃美術館(赫爾辛基,1994)、諾里奇塞恩思伯里視覺藝術中心(挪威,1995)、O.K.當代藝術中心(林茨,1998)、奇亞斯瑪當代藝術博物館(赫爾辛基,2003)、ZOOM(維也納博物館區,2005)、施泰爾博物館,(永久裝置,2006)、奧地利林茨電子藝術節(2007)、斯坦因博物館(克雷姆斯,2008-2009)、施泰爾秋季藝術節(2009)、MKL(格拉茨藝術館,2009)、維也納Kunstraum Bernsteiner藝術中心(2010,2013,2014)。她也曾受到如下機構的委任創作:美國ISEA藝術節(1994年,及2004年)、EAST、倫敦千年穹頂、以及格拉茨歐洲藝術之城項目(2003)。

更多信息可以參閱她的個人網站:http://

syl-eckermann.net。

Gerald Nestler是一位藝術家、寫作者和研究者。他的創作將理論與影像、裝置、表演和演說相結合,以對金融相關的意識形態、方法論、敘事及這些元素在當代生物政治中位置進行思考和提問。他于1992年畢業于維也納美術學院,并于1994-1997年之間以金融經紀人和交易員的身份進行了藝術性質的調查。2003年,他獲得了奧地利國家視覺藝術獎學金。自90年代起,他的作品在世界范圍內展出。同時,他也任教于維也納韋伯斯特大學,目前在倫敦大學歌德史密斯學院的建筑研究中心攻讀博士學位。

Gerald Nestler近年的藝術和策展項目包括《趨勢是你的朋友(The Trend Is Your Friend) 》 (steirischer herbst 09, Kunsthaus Graz, with Sylvia Eckermann)、《衰退的民主:重思烏托邦與參與之間的民主觀 (Declining Democracy: Rethinking democracy between utopia and participation)》 (弗羅倫薩, 2011)、《故意:新的衍生品秩序 (On Purpose: The New Derivative Order)》(維也納, 2012)、《脈沖干擾(Glitch)》(因斯布魯克, 2013)、《船貨崇拜(Carry Cargo Cult) 》(維也納, 2013)、《法律(Forensis)》(柏林, 2014)、《社會脈沖干擾:極端審美和極端事件的后果(Social Glitch: Radical Aesthetics and the consequences of extreme events)》(籌備中,計劃展出于維也納, 2015). 。

近年的出版項目包括《Yx: 動態的分類—啟蒙的升華—置空的維度—人性衍生品—超真實經濟社會的振動》 (維也納獨立出版Schlebrügge Editors (2007)、《國際藝術論壇》(第200、201期, 2010))、《并立的公眾》 (伊斯坦布爾藝術與科技節)、《下一步是什么?后危機時代的藝術》(柏林,2013).《法律 公共真相的結構》(斯滕伯格出版社, 柏林, 2014)。

www.geraldnestler.net

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