黃奇帆對大通關的“大設想”全國保稅區連成片

□ 文/本刊記者 唐松

黃奇帆對大通關的“大設想”全國保稅區連成片

□ 文/本刊記者 唐松

5月15至18日，第十七屆渝洽會舉行。重慶市市長黃奇帆在論壇會上作了重要發言。他說，大通關就是整個國家的海關一體化運作，沿海海關和內陸海關能夠“關檢互認”。重慶這幾年已經實現跟上海、深圳、新疆一些重要的出關口一體化。“未來，希望首先在西南片區的保稅區實行一體化，然后全國的保稅區也可連成片，實行關檢一體化。”黃奇帆說。

重慶大通關成效卓越

大通關不僅是在陸地上。繼渝新歐鐵路“一次關檢，全程通行”破題之后，重慶與上海、廣東、深圳、廣西、云南和新疆6大主要進出口通道檢驗檢疫局簽署合作協議，進行大通關合作，對高誠信企業、低風險貨物全面實施“產地檢驗、口岸出單；口岸轉檢、屬地報檢”的直通模式。如今，我市海關已和沿海30多個口岸海關簽訂了合作協議，重慶出發的貨物通過水運出海，同樣實現了一次申報、一次查驗、一次放行。

黃奇帆表示，大通關是大開放的前提。在四、五年前，通過重慶港口的進出口運輸量，只有5%是外省市的，到了去年，集裝箱進出口貨物中，45%是四川、貴州、陜西等兄弟省的轉口貨物，預計到2015年，轉口貨物會到60%，這是口岸的重要標志之一。近年來，重慶引進外資從每年幾億美元到連續每年100億美元以上，預計今年也能繼續保持100多億。大通關對此功不可沒。

將全國保稅區連成片

口岸是國家的門戶，口岸功能的強弱和運行效率的高低，對一個國家和地區的經濟發展以及社會繁榮至關重要。特別是隨著全球經濟一體化和貿易自由化進程的加速發展，口岸管理體制是否順暢、通關活動是否高效，越來越成為衡量一個企業、一個地區乃至一個國家經濟水平和競爭能力的重要指標，對國際資本的流入和我國外經貿乃至整個國民經濟的發展都將產生深遠的影響。

海關總署新聞發言人張廣志指出，支持長江經濟帶建設，海關將進一步完善長江流域大通關體制，推動長江經濟帶11省市海關更大范圍、更多領域的區域通關改革，努力實現沿長江不同關區之間一體化作業。

保稅區是在國境之內、關境之外。這是一國海關設置的或經海關批準注冊、受海關監督和管理的可以較長時間存儲商品的區域。保稅區能便利轉口貿易，增加有關費用的收入。運入保稅區的貨物可以進行儲存、改裝、分類、混合、展覽，以及加工制造，但必須處于海關監管范圍內。外國商品存入保稅區，不必繳納進口關稅，尚可自由出口，只需交納存儲費和少量費用。

黃奇帆說，重慶下一步還要跟西南各省之間的海關互通，實現內陸兄弟省市只要有一個關檢，大家互相共享信息互認，首先在西南地區爭取形成貿易流通一體化，城市交通一體化，金融融通一體化，產業集群配套一體化，城市群功能互動一體化等。重慶可在實現保稅區之間的通關一體化上做足文章。

目前，西南片區除了重慶寸灘空港保稅區、西永綜合保稅區外，還有成都高新綜合保稅區、新疆阿拉山口綜合保稅區、寧夏銀川綜合保稅區以及西安高新綜合保稅區、貴陽綜合保稅區、云南紅河綜合保稅區、蘭州新區綜合保稅等10余個保稅區。這些保稅區都在“國境之內、關境之外”，貨物、服務互通起來不僅方便，而且節省費用、時間。西南片區保稅區連成片后，市場將放大若干倍。

現在，全國也已有二十來個保稅區，如果再實現全國保稅區之間的通關一體化，對各地開放發展將是有力的促進。

Great customs clearance as envisioned by Huang Qifan Connecting all of China's Bonded Zones

The 17th China Chongqing International Investment and Global Sourcing Fair was held on May 15 to 18. Chongqing Mayor Huang Qifan delivered a speech at the fair. According to his explanation, great customs clearance means customs offices across the country work in an integrated system where coastal customs offices and inland customs offices recognize each other's inspection results. In recent years, Chongqing has achieved that with a number of key customs passes, including Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Xinjiang." In future, we hope to realize great customs clearance in bonded zones in Southwest China and then go on to connect all bonded zones in China to implement great customs clearance for key industries." Huang Qifan said.

Remarkable achievements Chongqing has made in great customs clearance

Great customs clearance is not restricted to land transport. Since Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway accomplished "only one inspection for the whole trip", Chongqing has signed cooperation agreements with the inspection and quarantine bureaus of six major customs ports to implement great customs clearance: Shanghai, Guangdong,Shenzhen, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. For highly trustworthy enterprises and low-risk cargo, a direct pass-through model is used: inspection in the place of origin and paperwork issued by the customs port; the customs port transferring cargo for inspection, and the local place submitting cargo for inspection. Now, Chongqing has signed cooperation agreements with over 30 customs offi ces in coastal regions. Cargo departing from Chongqing by water can be cleared after being declared and inspected only once.

Huang Qifan said great customs clearance is a precondition for opening up on a large scale. Four or fi ve years ago, only 5% of cargo exported and imported via the Chongqing port was for other provinces and cities. Last year, 45% of cargo exported and imported in containers via the Chongqing port was entrepot cargo for Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi etc. This percentage, which is an important indicator for a port, is projected to hit 60% by 2015. In recent years, the annual amount of foreign investment has gone from hundreds of millions of US dollars to over 10 billion. This high level has been maintained for years in a row, including this year as estimated. Great customs clearance has played an indispensable role in this regard.

Connecting bonded zones

Ports are the country's gateways. Their functions and efficiency mean a lot to economic development and social prosperity. As economic globalization and trade liberalization pick up speed, whether the port management system is effi cient and whether customs clearance is smooth are becoming ever more of indicators for measuring the economic competence and competitiveness of enterprises, regions, and countries. These indicators have a far-reaching infl uence on the infl ow of foreign capital, the country's foreign trade, and the development of the entire national economy.

Zhang Guangzhi, spokesperson for the General Administration of Customs, pointed out that the customs will further improve the great customs clearance mechanism for the Yangtze River basin to support the construction of the Yangtze River economic belt, pushing for extensive customs reforms that cover more areas of the 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River economic belt. The aim is to achieve integrated operation among different clearance zones along the Yangtze River.

Bonded zones are within the country's borders but outside the customs frontiers. These zones are set up by the customs or registered with the customs and run under the oversight of the customs. Goods can be stored for a long time in bonded zones, which facilitate entrepot trade and increase income. Goods that have been transported into a bonded zone can be stored, modified, classified, mixed, exhibited, and processed under the oversight of the customs. Foreign goods are not subject to import tariffs when they enter a bonded zone. They can later be exported freely. Only storage fees and some other low fees apply.

According to Huang Qifan, Chongqing will move on to achieve great customs clearance with provinces in Southwest China. Once cargo passes inspection by any of the inland provinces or cities, the result is shared and recognized in the entire region. Efforts will be made to achieve integration in Southwest China in trade, urban transport, finance, industrial cluster facilities, and metropolitan area functions. Chongqing has a lot to do in great customs clearance for bonded zones.

Except for Chongqing's Cuntan Airport Bonded Zone, Southwest China also has over 10 other bonded zones, including Chengdu's High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Xinjiang's Alashankou Bonded Zone and Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Ningxia's Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Xi'an's Hightech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Guiyang's Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Yunnan's Honghe Comprehensive Bonded Zone, and Lanzhou's New Area Comprehensive Bonded Zone. All of them are within the country's borders but outside the customs frontiers, facilitating exchange of cargo and services by cutting costs and saving time. When the bonded zones in Southwest China are connected as a whole, the market will increase multifold.

China now has over 20 bonded zones. If great customs clearance can be achieved among them all, it will be a strong driving force for the development and opening-up of all regions involved