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加速溶劑萃取高效液相色譜串聯質譜法測定土壤中鄰苯二甲酸酯

2014-07-10 21:42:57閆蕊等
分析化學 2014年6期

閆蕊等

摘 要 建立了高效液相色譜串聯質譜技術(Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC MS/MS)同時測定土壤中鄰苯二甲酸酯(Phthalic acid esters, PAEs)的分析方法。確定了土壤樣品加速溶劑萃取最優條件是以正己烷為萃取溶劑,在160 ℃下,靜態萃取4次,每次12 min,萃取液經旋轉蒸發濃縮,以乙腈0.1%甲酸溶液為流動相梯度洗脫分離后, 用LCMS/MS結合大氣壓化學源(Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, APCI)進行定性及定量分析。土壤中11種PAEs的濃度與其峰面積呈良好的線性關系,檢出限為0.03~13.0 μg/kg,樣品的加標平均回收率為72.8%~101.8%,相對標準偏差(RSD)為1.7%~6.7%。方法簡便快速,且靈敏度高,適用于土壤中11種鄰苯二甲酸酯的同時測定。

關鍵詞 加速溶劑萃取; 高效液相色譜串聯質譜法; 大氣壓化學源; 土壤; 鄰苯二甲酸酯

1 引 言

鄰苯二甲酸酯 (Phthalic acid esters, PAEs) 是環境激素類物質中的一類化合物。它們主要用作增塑劑[1],在塑料中, PAEs與聚烯烴類塑料分子之間由氫鍵或范德華力連接,彼此保留各自相對獨立的化學性質[2],隨著工業生產和塑料制品的使用,PAEs不斷進入環境,普遍存在于土壤、底泥、生物等環境樣品中。杜嫻等[3]的研究表明,由于生物或物理化學過程,PAEs在水體之間存在遷移分配的現象,也就是說雖然PEAs具有憎水性,易富集與沉積物中,但當外界條件合適的情況下,PEAs還是有向水中遷移的趨勢。張蘊暉等[4]的研究表明,PAEs在環境中的含量為:水<土壤<底泥<水生生物。關卉等[5]的研究表明,PAEs總量高低排序為:甘蔗地>水田>菜地>果園,不同土壤剖面層次PAEs殘留總量總體上隨著深度的增加呈下降趨勢。PEAs可經過消化系統、呼吸系統及皮膚接觸等途徑進入人體[6],PAEs的毒性除了已知的致畸、致癌和致突變外,還將影響人體內分泌。徐廷云等[7]的研究表明,不育男性的精液中PAEs的總量高于正常生育男性,得出PAEs蓄積可能是男性不育的原因之一的結論。

土壤中PAEs的前處理較多的使用索氏萃取[8]、超聲萃取[9]和微波萃取[10]等方法,而近幾年發展起來的加速溶劑萃取法則具有有機溶劑用量少、操作自動化、萃取速度快、回收率高等優點[11~14]。PAEs的測定可以采用高效液相色譜法[15,16]、氣相色譜法[17]、氣相色譜質譜聯用(GCMS)法[18]和液相色譜串聯質譜聯用(LCMS/MS)法[19]。由于環境樣品基質復雜,污染物較多,色譜法根據保留時間進行定性分析經常受到基質的干擾,容易造成假陽性。采用串聯質譜法可以很大程度去除基質干擾,較為準確地進行定性和定量分析。

本研究采用加速溶劑萃取高效液相色譜串聯大氣壓化學電離源質譜法,對11種PAEs同時進行分離檢測,建立了一種前處理簡便、有機溶劑用量少、周期短的檢測方法。

2 實驗部分

2.1 儀器與試劑

Agilent 1200高效液相色譜儀,Agilent 6410A串聯四極桿質譜儀,配大氣壓化學電離源(APCI)和Mass Hunter工作站(美國Agilent公司);ASE350型加速溶劑萃取儀(美國Dionex公司),配10 mL萃取池;N1000型旋轉蒸發儀(日本Eyela公司),配有BC55型真空冷卻系統(日本Yamato公司);MilliQ超純水器(美國Millipore公司)。乙腈、二氯甲烷、丙酮、異丙醇、石油醚及正己烷(HPLC級,美國Fisher公司);氟羅里硅藻土(0.180~0.154 mm粒徑,農殘級,Dionex公司);0.22 μm有機微孔過濾膜;玻璃容器依次用水、丙酮、正己烷、二氯甲烷清洗,200 ℃烘10 h以上,氟羅里硅藻土200 ℃烘24 h。實驗中避免使用任何塑料器皿。

鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、鄰苯二甲酸二(2甲氧基)乙酯(DMEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二乙氧基己酯(DEEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、鄰苯二甲酸二丙烯酯(DAP)、鄰苯二甲酸二(2丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP)、鄰苯二甲酸丁基芐酯(BBP)、鄰苯二甲酸二環己酯(DCHP)、鄰苯二甲酸二戊酯(DPP)、鄰苯二甲酸二(4甲基2戊基)酯(BMPP)、鄰苯二甲酸己基2乙基己基酯(HEHP)(純度大于95.1%)購自Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH 公司。

2.2 色譜質譜條件

Agilent XDBC18色譜柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流動相:0.1%甲酸(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脫程序:0~35 min,60%~90% B;35~37 min,90%~60% B;37~40 min,60% B。流速:1.0 mL/min;柱溫:30 ℃;進樣量:10.0 μL;后運行時間:5 min;大氣壓化學電離源(APCI);正離子模式;干燥氣流速: 5.0 L/min; 干燥氣溫度:350 ℃;噴霧器溫度:400 ℃;噴霧器壓力:

4 結 論

采用加速溶劑萃取液相色譜串聯質譜法對土壤樣品中11種鄰苯二甲酸酯進行分析測定。對萃取條件進行了優化,并分析了實際樣品,PAEs的濃度與其峰面積呈良好的線性關系,檢出限為0.03~13.0 μg/kg,樣品的加標回收率為72.8%~101.8%,相對標準偏差為1.7%~6.7%。本方法簡單快速,且靈敏度高,適用于土壤中11種鄰苯二甲酸酯的同時測定。

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Determination of 11 Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil by Accelerated

Solvent ExtractionLiquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

YAN Rui1,2, SHAO MingYuan1, SUN ChangHua2, LIU XiaoLing2,

SONG DaQian1, ZHANG HanQi1, YU AiMin*1

1(College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

2(Academy of Quality Inspection and Research in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150050, China)

Abstract A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using nhexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APCI), using acetonitrile

Symbolm@@ 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0.03-13.0 μg/kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72.8%-101.8% and 1.7-6.7%, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Soil; Phthalic acid esters

(Received 24 September 2013; accepted 7 February 2014)

Determination of 11 Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil by Accelerated

Solvent ExtractionLiquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

YAN Rui1,2, SHAO MingYuan1, SUN ChangHua2, LIU XiaoLing2,

SONG DaQian1, ZHANG HanQi1, YU AiMin*1

1(College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

2(Academy of Quality Inspection and Research in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150050, China)

Abstract A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using nhexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APCI), using acetonitrile

Symbolm@@ 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0.03-13.0 μg/kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72.8%-101.8% and 1.7-6.7%, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Soil; Phthalic acid esters

(Received 24 September 2013; accepted 7 February 2014)

Determination of 11 Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil by Accelerated

Solvent ExtractionLiquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

YAN Rui1,2, SHAO MingYuan1, SUN ChangHua2, LIU XiaoLing2,

SONG DaQian1, ZHANG HanQi1, YU AiMin*1

1(College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)

2(Academy of Quality Inspection and Research in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150050, China)

Abstract A sensitive and convenient method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 11 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in soil. The optimized conditions were as follows: By using nhexane as the extraction solvent, spiked sample was extracted by ASE at 160 ℃ for 4 times, 12 min for each time. The extract was concentrated by evaporation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring mode after the chromatographic separation with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APCI), using acetonitrile

Symbolm@@ 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase. The limits of detection(LODs) for 11 PAEs were between 0.03-13.0 μg/kg. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 72.8%-101.8% and 1.7-6.7%, respectively. This method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of PAEs in soil.

Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction; Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; Soil; Phthalic acid esters

(Received 24 September 2013; accepted 7 February 2014)

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