香港文匯報：重慶在長江經濟帶中具有比較優勢

□ 文/見習記者 吳俊琰

香港文匯報：重慶在長江經濟帶中具有比較優勢

□ 文/見習記者 吳俊琰

張蕊

香港文匯報駐渝辦主任張蕊

重慶擁有經濟開發區、保稅港區和國家級口岸，形成了全面的開放格局，逐步成為內陸開放的高地。

置于國家戰略下的長江經濟帶能為重慶帶來什么？重慶在長江經濟帶中有些什么優勢呢？日前，本刊記者采訪了香港文匯報駐渝辦主任張蕊。以下就是她的主要觀點。

從中國改革開放的全局來看，在沿海開發開放和西部大開發的背景下，中國的經濟版圖呈現H型分布，H的左邊是西部大開發的重點地帶，包括“中國第四增長極”的成渝都市圈。右邊是沿海地帶，在沿海經濟帶與西部開發帶之間由長江經濟帶貫通，龍頭上海與沿海經濟帶銜接，龍尾重慶與西部開發帶銜接，形成中國目前最重要的戰略聯動關系。這樣一來，重慶的戰略地位是不言而喻的。但是深處內陸腹地的重慶的經濟發展和沿海地區相比有著諸多限制，比如交通不便，開放程度不高——這些因素極大地制約了重慶和整個西部內陸地區的發展。但是，長江經濟帶及其配套政策的提出很大程度上改善了重慶的區位劣勢，給重慶帶來了很多新的發展機遇。

我們認為，重慶在長江經濟帶戰略中具有五大比較優勢：

1、區位優勢。重慶地處長江大動脈的上游，長江經濟帶與西南經濟帶的結合部，是聯通東西部經濟的關節和樞紐，兼得長江經濟帶與西部大開發之利。

2、資源優勢。重慶是世界級水資源富礦，可開發的水力發電量750億千瓦時/年，是重慶發展現代工業、制造業強有力的保障。而且重慶作為傳統的工業城市，工業基礎雄厚，工業配套設施十分完善。

3、交通優勢。重慶是長江上游物資集散地，鐵路、水路、公路、航空立體交通運輸網絡形成。依托“黃金水道”長江，重慶能夠發展廉價、環保的內河運輸，能夠擁有廣闊的腹地并加強與沿海經濟發達地區的聯系。兩江新區的開發更加強了重慶作為物資集散地的功能。

4、政策優勢。重慶擁有經濟開發區、保稅港區和國家級口岸，形成了全面的開放格局，逐步成為內陸開放的高地。重慶擁有國家級開放平臺兩江新區，也擁有西部最大的保稅港區。重慶作為內陸城市，卻有國家審批通過的一級、二級、三級口岸，所以，進出口貿易的前景非常廣闊。

5、人口優勢。重慶擁有3000多萬人口，其年齡結構總體上呈現出“中間大、兩頭小”的紡錘狀格局，勞動年齡人口占人口總量的比重逾70%，在全國老齡化趨勢日益嚴重的當下，重慶這種年齡結構直接對社會經濟增長產生積極效應。同時，重慶的勞動力薪資水平比很多沿海城市低，這意味著從成本控制的角度，重慶比很多沿海城市更有優勢，而這，是很多企業愿意看到的。

Judging from the overall situation of China’s reform and opening-up, China’s economic territory distributes in a fashion of the letter “H” against the background of development and opening up in the coastal areas and the Western Development. The key areas of the Western Development, including the city ring of Chengdu and Chongqing, lie on the left side of “H”. On the right side of “H” lie the coastal areas. The coastal economic belt and the Western Development belt are connected by the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Shanghai, the “dragon’s head”, is connected with the coastal economic belt while Chongqing, the “dragon’s tail”, is connected with the Western Development belt and thus built the most important strategic synergic relationship in China. Chongqing’s strategic position is self-evident. Compared with the coastal areas, however, Chongqing in the deep hinterland of China, is confronted with many restrictions like inconvenient transport and low degree of openness. These restrictions hinder its development and the entire Western inland areas of China. But the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the supporting policies reduce, to a large degree, the geographic disadvantage of Chongqing and bring it many unprecedented development opportunities.

Zhang Rui, the director of Chongqing Office of Hong Kong Wen Wei Po summarized, “We believe that Chongqing has comparative advantages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.”

1. Geographic advantages. Chongqing is located at upper reaches of the Yangtze River, connecting the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Southeast China Economic Belt. It is the node connecting the economies of East and West China. So it can bene fi t from the development of both the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Western Development.

2. Resource advantages. Chongqing has abundant water resources.The exploitable hydroelectricity power reaches 750KW, which can secure the development of modern industry and manufacturing industry in Chongqing. In addition, Chongqing, as a traditional industrial city, boasts a solid industrial foundation and complete supporting facilities.

3. Transportation advantages. Chongqing is the distribution center at the upper reaches of Yangtze River with a three-dimensional transportation network of railways, waterways, highways and airways. Dependent on the golden watercourse of Yangtze River, Chongqing can develop its cheap and environmental inland water transport, embrace the vast hinterland and reach out to the developed coastal regions. The development of Liangjiang New Area consolidates Chongqing’s function to distribute materials and goods.

4. Policy advantages. Chongqing has economic development zones, bonded ports and ports of the national level, forming an all-around openingup framework and gradually becoming a highland of opening-up. Besides, it is the seat of Liangjiang New Area, an opening-up platform of the national level and also the largest bonded port in West China. An inland city as it is, Chongqing has the Class-I, Class-II and Class-III ports approved by the Central Government and hence enjoys wide prospect of import and export.

5. Demographic advantages. Among Chongqing’s population of more than 30 million of a spindle-like age distribution, namely “big in the middle, yet small on both ends”, the workingage population takes a proportion of over 70%. Against the background of the ever-growing aging trend, such age distribution in Chongqing has a positive effect on the economic growth. In the meantime, the wage level here is lower than that in the coastal cities, which means Chongqing has more edges over the coastal cities in terms of cost control. Many enterprises would be happy to see that.”

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po: Chongqing has comparative advantages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

□ By probationary reporter Wu Junyan