用順“藤”摸“瓜”法解事實細節題

盧嬌

事實細節題一般是對文中的時間﹑地點﹑原因﹑人物﹑事件﹑目的等具體信息進行提問。這類題在高考閱讀各類題中占的比例最大，且屬于基礎題，相對較易得分，所以大家務必吃下這塊“肥肉”。 解答這類題，可用順“藤”摸“瓜”法。

何為“藤”？題干中的關鍵詞即為“藤”，“瓜”則為閱讀題的答案信息。順“藤”摸“瓜”即根據題干中的關鍵詞句到文中去找相同或相近的關鍵詞句，再順著文章中這些關鍵詞句從文中找答案。一般來說“瓜”主要在關鍵詞句的后面，若后面的信息不是“瓜”，我們就往前去摸。文章中的“瓜”與選項中的“瓜”一般以同義表達或近義表達形式出現。即原文中的原話一般會換成同義或近義表達出現在選項里。

這種方法特別適用于英語基礎薄弱的同學，哪怕在閱讀文章上存在障礙，但只要根據題干中所透露出的關鍵信息回到原文去找相同或相似的表達即可。

[例1]（2013年廣東卷） Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom（藤），a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.（瓜）

26. What do we know about Tom？ （藤）

A. He was seriously ill.

B. He was a dishonest boy.

C. He was crazy about magic.

D. He was Dr. Epsteins patient.

解析：題干中的專有名詞Tom可確定為“藤”，通過尋讀，在原文中找到這根“藤”about Tom，順著這根“藤”往下就可以摸到“瓜”a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination，此信息與選項中A的說法相一致，即為答案。

[例2]（2013年廣東） The day before his third trip to the operating room（藤），Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman，”（瓜）he whispered to his mom. Hearing

this，the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume（戲裝），but finally she agreed.

The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman（瓜），showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom， with the strength of his fantasy， successfully made it through the operation.

28. When Tom went for the third operation， he _______.（藤）

A. pretended to be painful B. acted like a superhero

C. appeared in poor spirits D. argued with his mother

解析：題干中的third operation為“藤”，尋讀，在原文中找到這根“藤”his third trip to the operating room，然后順著這根“藤”往下就可以摸到“瓜”Maybe I could go as Superman和The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman，此信息與選項B的說法一致，即為答案。

[例3]（2014 廣州） As I said， we were at a dinner party. There must have been a dozen other guests， but I broke an important rule of politeness（藤）. I ignored everyone else and talked four hours to the botanist.（瓜）

27. Which of the following does the writer describe as a rule of politeness（藤） at dinner parties？

A. Avoiding discussion about politics and religion.

B. Listening carefully to what another guest says.endprint

C. Arriving and leaving at the appropriate time.

D. Giving attention to all those in attendance.

解析：題干中rule of politeness為“藤”，通過尋讀，在原文中找到這根“藤”broke an important rule of politeness，順著這根“藤”往下就可以摸到“瓜”I ignored everyone else and talked four hours to the botanist，此信息與選項D的說法恰恰相反，結合前句中的broke，可知作者描述的禮貌規則是“關注所有參與的人”，故D正確。

[即時練習]

請用以上方法解答以下試題。

1. （2014 廣州一模） But One problem is that friends and family have been so amazed with the “tweet treat” machine that they have started sending tweets to Toby too. So Nat has had to restrict feeding time to make sure Toby doesnt turn into Tubby...so I had to limit it to between 9 a.m and 9 p.m....just to make sure hes not putting on too much puppy fat.

Why has Nat decided to limit the feeding machines operating time？

A. He doesnt want Toby to get too fat.

B. He fears the machine will run out of food.

C. He wants his friends to stop feeding Toby.

D. He doesnt want Toby to be woken up at night.

2. （2014 廣州一模） Then， for the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break， half of the participants were required to stay awake while half were asked to sleep.

What happened to the participants during the break？

A. Half of them were woken up when they started to dream.

B. Half of them were asked to dream about the maze.

C. All of them were asked to describe their thoughts.

D. Half of them were asked to sleep for 90 minutes.

3. （2014 廣州一模） Most striking is the similarity in their backgrounds. They were born in the early 1940s to middle class families--not wealthy but comfortably off， with a commitment to academic excellence and public service.

Which of the following describes a similarity in Hawkings and Dawkings backgrounds？

A. They were both from wealthy families.

B. They studies the same subject university.

C. They graduated from the same secondary school.

D. They both came from families that valued good education.

參考答案與解析

1. A 題干中的limit the feeding time為“藤”，尋讀，在原文中找到這個“藤”restrict feeding time，然后順著這根“藤”往下就可以摸到“瓜”to make sure hes not putting on too much puppy fat ，此信息與選項A的說法一致，即為答案。

2. D 題干中的break， participants為“藤”，尋讀，在原文中找到這個“藤”break ... participants，然后順著這根“藤”往下就可以摸到“瓜”half were asked to sleep，此信息與選項D的說法相一致，即為答案。

3. D 題干中的backgrounds為“藤”，尋讀，在原文中找到這個“藤”，然后順著這根“藤”往下就可以摸到“瓜”with a commitment to academic excellence（致力于學業優異），此信息與選項D的說法相一致。

結束語

順藤摸瓜法簡單易懂實用高效，一學就會，一用就對。當然，筆者還是建議同學們，不要心存僥幸，以為方法就是靈丹妙藥，高考成功的關鍵在于踏實備考，穩扎穩打。

（作者單位：肇慶市廣寧第一中學）

責任編校 蔣小青endprint