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IGF2R在非小細胞肺癌中的表達及與腫瘤進展的相關性研究

2014-08-07 16:34:23張珉黃波張玲呂威力
中國當代醫藥 2014年12期

張珉+黃波+張玲+呂威力

[摘要] 目的 探討胰島素樣生長因子2受體(IGF2R)在非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)組織中的表達情況與臨床病理因素的關系。 方法 收集80例NSCLC組織及10例癌旁正常肺組織石蠟標本制成切片,利用免疫組織化學染色(SP)法檢測IGF2R的表達,并分析其與各種臨床病理因素的關系。 結果 IGF2R主要定位于細胞膜及細胞質,80例NSCLC組織中,46例(57.5%)為高表達,在非癌性肺組織中弱表達或無明顯表達。IGF2R表達同低級別pTNM分期(P=0.038)、局部淋巴結轉移減少(P=0.021)相關。 結論 IGF2R的表達與NSCLC低級別pTNM分期、局部淋巴結轉移減少相關。

[關鍵詞] 胰島素樣生長因子2受體;非小細胞肺癌;腫瘤標志物;免疫組織化學

[中圖分類號] R734.2[文獻標識碼] A[文章編號] 1674-4721(2014)04(c)-0012-03

Correlation study of IGF2R expression in non-small cell lung cancer and tumor progression

ZHANG Min1 HUANG Bo2 ZHANG Ling1 LV Wei-li1

1.Department of Pathology,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Shenyang Medical College,Shenyang 110034,China;2.Department of Pathology,Liaoning Cancer Hospital,Shenyang 110042,China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical significance of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens from 80 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 10 normal lung tissues adjacent to the cancer tissues were collected.The expressions of IGF2R protein were detected by immunohistochemistry,and its relationship with various clinical pathological factors was analyzed. Results IGF2R mainly located in cell membrane and cytoplasm,among 80 lung cancer specimens,46 samples showed high expression levels of IGF2R (57.5%),IGF2R was not detected or weakly positive stained in nonneoplastic lung specimens.High expression of IGF2R was correlated with low pTNM (P=0.038) and reduced lymph node metastasis (P=0.021). Conclusion High expression of IGF2R correlate with low pTNM and reduce lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.

[Key words] IGF2R;Non-small cell lung cancer;Tumor marker;Immunohistochemistry

胰島素樣生長因子2受體(insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor,IGF2R)屬于Ⅰ型膜整聯蛋白,穩定狀態下,約90%的IGF2R定位于細胞內,其余10%位于細胞膜表面,其對于胰島素樣生長因子2(insulin-like growth factor 2,IGF-2)等配體具有高親和性,對腫瘤的發展可起到抑制作用[1-3]。IGF2R蛋白在非小細胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)組織中的表達情況及意義目前尚無報道,本實驗將探討IGF2R在NSCLC組織中的表達水平及其與肺癌臨床病理因素之間的關系,深入研究IGF2R與NSCLC發生、發展的關系。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實驗材料

選取2003~2006年遼寧省腫瘤醫院手術切除并經病理確診的NSCLC標本80例,10例對照標本取自同期距離癌灶邊緣>5 cm并經HE染色證實的正常肺組織。所有患者術前均未接受放、化療。80例肺癌標本中,男性41例,女性39例;年齡40~78歲,中位年齡59歲;將肺癌標本根據世界衛生組織2004年的分類標準分為鱗癌34例,腺癌46例;其中高分化11例,中分化27例,低分化42例;淋巴結轉移49例。臨床病理分期根據國際抗癌聯盟(International Union Against Cancer,UICC)1997年修訂的肺癌pTNM分期標準:Ⅰ期15例,Ⅱ期32例,Ⅲ期33例。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 免疫組織化學所有標本均用10%中性甲醛溶液固定,石蠟包埋,制成4 μm切片,采用SP法檢測IGF2R蛋白的表達情況。IGF2R單克隆抗體購自美國Abcam公司,SP法試劑盒及DAB顯色試劑盒購自福州邁新生物技術公司。切片滴加IGF2R一抗(1∶100)4℃濕盒內孵育過夜,次日按照SP試劑盒說明書進行染色,DAB顯色,蘇木素復染。以PBS代替一抗作為空白對照。細胞染色強度以細胞著色陰性、淡黃色、黃棕色、深棕褐色分別記0、1、2、3分;染色范圍以著色細胞量占腫瘤細胞<10%、11%~25%、26%~75%及>75%分別記0、1、2、3分,兩項計分相乘為最終得分(0~9分),得分≤4分為低表達,>4分為高表達。

1.3 統計學處理

所得數據采用SPSS 13.0統計軟件進行數據處理,免疫組織化學染色結果各組間的比較采用χ2檢驗及Fisher確切概率法,以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 免疫組織化學的結果

免疫組織化學染色顯示,IGF2R主要定位于細胞質及細胞膜(圖1),80例NSCLC組織中,46例(57.5%)為高表達,在非癌性肺組織中弱表達或無明顯表達。IGF2R表達與低pTNM分期(P=0.038)、局部淋巴結轉移減少(P=0.021)相關,與患者年齡(P=0.498)、性別(P=0.506)、腫瘤組織類型(P=0.648)、腫瘤分化水平(P=0.655)、腫瘤T分期(P=0.260)等均無相關性(表1)。

圖1 IGF2R在癌組織中陽性表達(SP×400)

A.肺腺癌;B.肺鱗癌

表1 IGF2R表達與NSCLC臨床病理特征的關系[n(%)]

3 討論

IGF2R屬于Ⅰ型膜整聯蛋白,結構上與胰島素樣生長因子1受體(insulin-like growth factor receptor,IGF-1R)及胰島素受體(insulin receptors,IR)具有同源性,對IGF-2具有高親和性,且親和性大于胰島素樣生長因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),對于胰島素無親和性[4]。IGF2R具有抑制腫瘤的作用,在體內、體外均可抑制細胞生長[2],主要是因為:①IGF2R可以結合并降解IGF-2,IGF-2在多種腫瘤組織中高表達,IGF-2與IGF-1R結合將激活信號轉導通路,發揮促進細胞生長、增殖、分裂及抑制凋亡的作用,相反,如果IGF-2同IGF2R結合后將被內吞并轉運至溶酶體降解[1-2];②轉化生長因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)前體可結合于IGF2R并被激活,通過相關信號通路進一步抑制腫瘤細胞生長[5-6];③IGF2R可結合細胞外溶酶體酶并將其轉運至細胞內溶酶體,減少活性酶對細胞外基質的降解,抑制腫瘤侵襲[1-2]。IGF2R功能的缺失常與腫瘤進展相關,肝癌、乳腺癌等多種腫瘤組織中IGF2R基因出現雜合性丟失或突變,部分突變發生在IGF2R與TGF-β等配體的結合區,可能影響IGF2R發揮抑瘤作用[7]。腫瘤細胞DNA的錯配修復系統常遭到破壞并引發微衛星不穩定性,在胃癌等腫瘤中微衛星不穩定性可發生在IGF2R基因編碼區,導致編碼的IGF2R蛋白被截短失去與細胞膜結合的功能域而形成可溶性蛋白或被進一步降解,引起IGF2增高和TGF-β減少,使腫瘤細胞的生長及運動失去控制,促進腫瘤的發展[2-3,6,8-15]。

IGF2R與NSCLC發展關系的研究多集中于基因層面:在肺鱗癌組織中IGF2R基因常發生雜合性丟失并在IGF-2結合部位編碼區發生突變[3],在IGF2R基因3′非編碼區的IGF2R-A2/B2變異可降低基因轉錄的穩定性,并與腫瘤細胞的生長、增殖及病情進展相關[16]。IGF2R蛋白在NSCLC組織中的表達及其臨床病理意義目前尚無報道,本研究通過免疫組織化學染色方法首次發現NSCLC組織中IGF2R表達與低級別pTNM分期(P=0.038)及局部淋巴結轉移減少(P=0.021)相關,但與患者年齡(P=0.498)、性別(P=0.506)、腫瘤組織類型(P=0.648)、腫瘤分化水平(P=0.655)、腫瘤T分期(P=0.260)等均無相關性,提示IGF2R可能發揮抑制NSCLC進展的作用,這與現有基因水平的研究結果一致,但IGF2R具體發揮抑癌作用機制是否與其介導IGF-2降解、TGF-β激活以及溶酶體轉運等途徑相關尚需進一步研究。

作為具有抑制腫瘤發展作用的蛋白,IGF2R在NSCLC組織中低表達的機制目前尚不十分清楚,可能的原因:①部分IGF2R等位基因全部突變的肺鱗癌細胞可能因抗原識別表位結構改變使IGF2R抗體無法識別;②基因突變使IGF2R蛋白結構改變而更易于降解;③IGF2R等位基因中的一個由于遺傳印記作用在肺癌細胞中常發生沉默[3,17]。由于IGF2R基因突變是肝癌等多種腫瘤發展過程中的早期事件,該指標同樣也可作為NSCLC發展的早期分子標志物[3,18]。

綜上所述,IGF2R高表達與NSCLC進展呈負相關,IGF2R有可能成為NSCLC篩查、診斷及治療的新靶點。

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[12]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.

[13]Zavras AI,Pitiphat W,Wu T,et al.Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor gene-167 genotype increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in humans[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(2):296-297.

[14]Chen Z,Ge Y,Landman N,et al.Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells[J].BMC Cancer,2002,30(2):18.

[15]Osipo C,Dorman S,Frankfater A.Loss of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor expression promotes growth in cancer by increasing intracellular signaling from both IGF-Ⅰ and insulin receptors[J].Exp Cell Res,2001,264(2):388-396.

[16]Kotsinas A,Evangelou K,Sideridou M,et al.The 3′ UTR IGF2R-A2/B2 variant is associated with increased tumor growth and advanced stages in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Cancer Lett,2008,259(2):177-85.

[17]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.

[18]Yamada T,De Souza AT,Finkelstein S,et al.Loss of the gene encoding mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(19):10351-10355.

(收稿日期:2014-03-09本文編輯:林利利)

[9]Martin-Kleiner I,Gall TK.Mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) in carcinogenesis[J].Cancer Lett,2010,289(1):11-22.

[10]Probst OC,Verena P,Barbara S,et al.The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor restricts the tumourigenicity and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma cells[J].Int J Cancer,2009,124(11):2559-2567.

[11]O′Gorman DB,Weiss J,Hettiaratchi A,et al.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor overexpression reduces growth of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo[J].Endocrinology,2002,143(11):4287-4294.

[12]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.

[13]Zavras AI,Pitiphat W,Wu T,et al.Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor gene-167 genotype increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in humans[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(2):296-297.

[14]Chen Z,Ge Y,Landman N,et al.Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells[J].BMC Cancer,2002,30(2):18.

[15]Osipo C,Dorman S,Frankfater A.Loss of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor expression promotes growth in cancer by increasing intracellular signaling from both IGF-Ⅰ and insulin receptors[J].Exp Cell Res,2001,264(2):388-396.

[16]Kotsinas A,Evangelou K,Sideridou M,et al.The 3′ UTR IGF2R-A2/B2 variant is associated with increased tumor growth and advanced stages in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Cancer Lett,2008,259(2):177-85.

[17]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.

[18]Yamada T,De Souza AT,Finkelstein S,et al.Loss of the gene encoding mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(19):10351-10355.

(收稿日期:2014-03-09本文編輯:林利利)

[9]Martin-Kleiner I,Gall TK.Mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) in carcinogenesis[J].Cancer Lett,2010,289(1):11-22.

[10]Probst OC,Verena P,Barbara S,et al.The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor restricts the tumourigenicity and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma cells[J].Int J Cancer,2009,124(11):2559-2567.

[11]O′Gorman DB,Weiss J,Hettiaratchi A,et al.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor overexpression reduces growth of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo[J].Endocrinology,2002,143(11):4287-4294.

[12]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.

[13]Zavras AI,Pitiphat W,Wu T,et al.Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor gene-167 genotype increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in humans[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(2):296-297.

[14]Chen Z,Ge Y,Landman N,et al.Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells[J].BMC Cancer,2002,30(2):18.

[15]Osipo C,Dorman S,Frankfater A.Loss of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor expression promotes growth in cancer by increasing intracellular signaling from both IGF-Ⅰ and insulin receptors[J].Exp Cell Res,2001,264(2):388-396.

[16]Kotsinas A,Evangelou K,Sideridou M,et al.The 3′ UTR IGF2R-A2/B2 variant is associated with increased tumor growth and advanced stages in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Cancer Lett,2008,259(2):177-85.

[17]Byrd JC,Devi GR,de Souza AT,et al.Disruption of ligand binding to the insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ/mannose 6-phosphate receptor by cancer-associated missense mutations[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274(34):24408-24416.

[18]Yamada T,De Souza AT,Finkelstein S,et al.Loss of the gene encoding mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(19):10351-10355.

(收稿日期:2014-03-09本文編輯:林利利)

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