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Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶1在結直腸癌中的表達及對其轉移和預后的影響

2014-08-07 09:48:58陳宇寧張毅蔣富兵
中國當代醫藥 2014年12期

陳宇寧+張毅+蔣富兵

[摘要] 目的 探討Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶1(heparanase 1,HPA1)在結直腸癌組織中的表達水平和對其轉移和預后的影響。 方法 采用原位雜交技術檢測177例結直腸癌組織中Syndecan-1和HPA1的表達水平,比較Syndecan-1、HPA1 mRNA表達與結直腸癌臨床病理指標、疾病預后的關系。 結果 在177例標本中,Syndecan-1 mRNA和HPA1 mRNA的陽性例數分別為75例和99例;Syndecan-1 mRNA及HPA1 mRNA陽性表達率與腫瘤浸潤深度、TNM分期、淋巴結轉移、遠處轉移和脈管癌栓密切相關(P<0.01);Syndecan-1 mRNA水平與HPA1 mRNA表達呈負相關(P<0.01);Syndecan-1 mRNA低表達平均生存時間和5年生存率低于高表達組,HPA1 mRNA陽性表達平均生存時間和5年生存率低于陰性表達組。 結論 Syndecan-1低表達和HPA1高表達對結直腸癌的侵襲和轉移具有協同作用;兩者結合有助于術后評估療效和判斷預后。

[關鍵詞] Syndecan-1;乙酰肝素酶1;結直腸癌;預后

[中圖分類號] R735.3[文獻標識碼] A[文章編號] 1674-4721(2014)04(c)-0015-03

The impact of mRNA expression of syndecan-1 and heparanase1 in relation to tumor progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer

CHEN Yu-ning1 ZHANG Yi1 JIANG Fu-bing2

1.Department of Gastroenterology,the Third People′s Hospital of Huizhou City in Guangdong Province,Huizhou 516002,China;2.Department ofGastrointestinal Surgery,the Third People′s Hospital of Huizhou City in Guangdong Province,Huizhou 516002,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of syndecan-1 and heparanase 1 in colorectal cancer,and their relationship between the progression and prognosis of the diseases. Methods In situ hybridization was used to examine mRNA expression of syndecan-l and HPA1 in 177 specimens of colorectal cancer.The relationship between mRNA expression and pathology indicators as well as prognosis of disease was observed. Results The positive numbers of syndecan-1 mRNA and HPA1 mRNA were 75 cases and 99 cases.The expression of syndecan-1 mRNA and HPA1 mRNA were related to tumor invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,TNM,distant metastasis and vessel invasion (P<0.01).There was a negative relationship between Syndecan-1 mRNA and HPA1 mRNA expression (P<0.01).The mean survival time of cases with low expression of syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly shorter than that of cases with high expression.The mean survival time of heparanase mRNA positive cases was significantly shorter than that of cases with negative expression. Conclusion The low expression of syndecan-1 and positive expression of HPA1 can predict the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.They can be used as markers of progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

[Key words] Syndecan-1;Heparanase 1;Colorectal cancer;Prognosis

近三十年來,隨著環境和生活方式等因素的改變,我國結直腸癌的發病率迅速增加,已成為增長最快的腫瘤之一[1-2]。Syndecan-1作為一種跨膜硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖(HSPGs),是胞外基質的重要組成成分。新近研究發現,Syndecan-1與整合素、鈣黏素等共同構成細胞間黏附分子復合體,參與胞間和胞外基質之間的黏附,具有促進細胞增殖,抑制腫瘤生長、轉移,維持細胞分化等作用[3]。而乙酰肝素酶1(heparanase 1,HPA1)可以降解HSPGs的糖類側鏈,促進腫瘤細胞浸潤和轉移[4]。目前關于兩者對結直腸癌的轉歸情況報道較少,為此本研究檢測了Syndecan-1和HPA1在結直腸癌組織中的表達水平,探討它們對結直腸癌轉移和預后的影響。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2002年6月~2007年12月在本院消化內科和胃腸外科手術切除的原發性結直腸癌標本177例,所有患者術前均未接受放化療,其中男129例,女48例;年齡39~76歲,平均54.8歲。除隨訪中死亡的病例,其余病例均隨訪5年以上,隨訪截止日期為2013年12月。生存期為從手術日期至隨訪截止日期或死亡日期。所有患者均簽屬知情同意書,本研究經過醫院倫理委員會批準。

1.2 實驗方法

標本常規固定、脫水,石蠟包埋,切片后行Syndecan-1和HPA1 mRNA原位雜交檢測。Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶寡核苷酸探針以及原位雜交試劑盒均購自武漢博士德公司,操作程序嚴格按照說明書進行。采用Masola等[5]推薦的方法,由2位病理醫師采用雙盲法作出判斷,細胞質染成棕黃色顆粒為Syndecan-1和HPA1 mRNA陽性表現。根據陽性細胞占全部腫瘤細胞的百分比進行分級:<10%為(-);10%~50%為(+);51%~75%為(++);>75%為(+++)。Syndecan-1表達(-)~(+)為低表達組,(++)~(+++)為高表達組。將HPA1 mRNA(-)者歸為陰性表達組,(+)~(+++)者為陽性表達組。

1.3 統計學處理

所得數據采用SPSS 13.0軟件進行統計學分析,采用χ2檢驗分析Syndecan-1、HPA1 mRNA表達與各項病理指標的關系,采用秩和檢驗進行Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶相關性分析,生存分析使用Kaplan-Meier法,用壽命表法計算生存率,用Log-rank檢驗進行比較,以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 Syndecan-1 mRNA、HPA1 mRNA的表達與結直腸癌病理指標的關系

在結直腸癌177例標本中,Syndecan-1 mRNA高表達者為75例(42.4%),低表達者102例(57.6%);HPA1 mRNA陰性表達78例(44.1%),陽性表達99例(55.9%)。在結直腸癌標本中,Syndecan-1 mRNA和HPA1 mRNA陽性顆粒在細胞質著色(圖1、圖2)。Syndecan-1 mRNA和HPA1 mRNA的表達在腫瘤浸潤深度、TNM分期、淋巴結轉移、遠處轉移和脈管癌栓中差異有統計學意義(P<0.01)(表1)。Syndecan-1 mRNA與HPA1 mRNA的表達呈顯著負相關(r=-0.832,P<0.01)。

2.2 Syndecan-1 mRNA、HPA1 mRNA表達與結直腸癌預后的關系

Syndecan-1 mRNA高表達患者的平均生存時間為65.2個月,是低表達組的2.1倍(31.3個月),5年生存率(51.6%)顯著高于低表達組(26.4%)(χ2=25.97,P<0.05)(圖3)。HPA1 mRNA陰性表達患者的平均生存時間為67.6個月,是陽性表達組的2.2倍(30.7個月),5年生存率(53.2%)顯著高于陽性組(24.6%)(χ2=23.19,P<0.05)(圖4)。

圖3 Syndecan-1表達與結直腸癌患者生存的關系

3 討論

Syndecan-1是Syndecan家族的一種表達于成熟上皮細胞、漿細胞、前B細胞表面的跨膜蛋白聚糖,其硫酸乙酰肝素側鏈上可特異性地結合多種生物活性分子,與脂蛋白、病原體等胞吞吐作用有關[6-7]。有研究發現,Syndecan-1在細胞膜上的表達對維持正常腸道黏膜細胞的形態至關重要;其在大腸腺瘤向大腸癌的轉化中表達缺失[8]。本研究結果顯示,結直腸癌組織Syndecan-1表達降低與浸潤深度、脈管侵犯、淋巴結轉移、遠處轉移,TNM分期密切相關,說明Syndecan-1參與了結直腸癌侵襲轉移的過程。目前研究發現,在機體許多惡性腫瘤形成、轉移過程中,腫瘤細胞表面的Syndecan-1蛋白表達明顯減少,導致細胞喪失生長抑制功能[9],使腫瘤細胞能大量增殖,并具有極強的侵襲活性[10],這與本研究結論基本符合。Syndecan-1表達降低的患者,5年生存率顯著低于高表達者,提示該基因表達程度可能成為評估結直腸癌預后的指標。

HPA1多在免疫器官、平滑肌細胞等處表達,其機制包括促進腫瘤血管生成[11]、免疫監視逃逸,改變細胞間、細胞與基質間的黏附等[12]。許多研究發現,HPA1在實體腫瘤組織中的表達與臨床病理資料有顯著相關性,揭示了HPA1與腫瘤發展的相互關系[13-14]。本研究結果顯示,HPA1的表達與結直腸癌浸潤深度、淋巴結轉移、脈管侵犯及遠處轉移等均呈正相關,且陰性表達組5年生存率明顯高于陽性組。這進一步證實了HPA1與結直腸癌的侵襲和預后明顯相關,與相關文獻類似[15]。

亞洲人(特別是東亞人)結直腸癌的發生迅速,往往沒有腺瘤這一階段,這使得結直腸癌早期發現難度較大[16]。Syndecan-1和HPA1是很有前景的切入點,可以對結直腸癌生長全程監控,并為評估病情和預后提供有力的參考。

綜上所述,Syndecan-1和HPA1對腫瘤的生長、侵襲和轉移具有協同作用;聯合檢測Syndecan-1和HPA1有助于結直腸癌患者術后評估療效和判斷預后。

[參考文獻]

[1]Chen W,Zheng R,Zhang S,et al.Report of incidence and mortality in China cancer registries,2009[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2013,32(3):106-112.

[2]李細茍.1999~2008年中山市古鎮鎮居民惡性腫瘤死亡情況分析[J].中國當代醫藥,2013,20(18):155-158.

[3]Zhang S,Qing Q,Wang Q,et al.Syndecan-1 and heparanase:potential markers for activity evaluation and differential diagnosis of crohn′s disease[J].Inflamm Bowel Dis,2013,19(5):1025-1033.

[4]Ramani VC,Purushothaman A,Stewart MD,et al.The heparanase/syndecan-1 axis in cancer: mechanisms and therapies[J].FEBS J,2013,280(10):2294-2306.

[5]Masola V,Gambaro G,Tibaldi E,et al.Heparanase and syndecan-1 interplay orchestrates fibroblast growth factor-2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(2):1478-1488.

[6]Carulli S,Beck K,Dayan G,et al.Cell surface proteoglycans syndecan-1 and -4 bind overlapping but distinct sites in laminin α3 LG45 protein domain[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(15):12204-12216.

[7]Manon-Jensen T,Multhaupt HA,Couchman JR.Mapping of matrix metalloproteinase cleavage sites on syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 ectodomains[J].FEBS J,2013,280(10):2320-2331.

[8]Yang B,Yoshida K,Yin Z,et al.Chemical synthesis of a heparan sulfate glycopeptide:syndecan-1[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2012,51(40):10185-10189.

[9]Hassan H,Greve B,Pavao MS et al.Syndecan-1 modulates p-integrin-dependent and interleukin-6-dependent functions in breast cancer cell adhesion,migration,and resistance to irradiation[J].FEBS J,2013,280(10):2216-2227.

[10]Xu Y,Yuan J,Zhang Z,et al.Syndecan-1 expression in human glioma is correlated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis[J].Mol Biol Rep,2012,39(9):8979-8985.

[11]Shevelev OB,Rykova VI,Fedoseeva LA,et al.Expression of Ext1,Ext2,and heparanase genes in brain of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in earlyontogenesis and during development of neurodegenerative changes[J].Biochemistry,2012,77(1):56-61.

[12]Rops AL,van den Hoven MJ,Veldman BA,et al.Urinary heparanase activity in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2012,27(7):2853-2861.

[13]Peerless Y,Simon E,Sabo E,et al.Normal colon tissue and colon carcinoma show no difference in heparanase promoter methylation[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):309-313.

[14]Kutsenko OS,Kovner AV,Mostovich LA,et al.Expression of heparanase-1 in prostate gland tumors[J].Bull Exp Biol Med,2012,152(3):344-347.

[15]Baker AB,Gibson WJ,Kolachalama VB,et al.Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(17):1551-1560.

[16]Sung JJ,Lau JY,Goh KL,et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Asia:implications for screening[J].Lancet Oncol,2005,6(11):87l-876.

(收稿日期:2014-03-18本文編輯:林利利)

[10]Xu Y,Yuan J,Zhang Z,et al.Syndecan-1 expression in human glioma is correlated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis[J].Mol Biol Rep,2012,39(9):8979-8985.

[11]Shevelev OB,Rykova VI,Fedoseeva LA,et al.Expression of Ext1,Ext2,and heparanase genes in brain of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in earlyontogenesis and during development of neurodegenerative changes[J].Biochemistry,2012,77(1):56-61.

[12]Rops AL,van den Hoven MJ,Veldman BA,et al.Urinary heparanase activity in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2012,27(7):2853-2861.

[13]Peerless Y,Simon E,Sabo E,et al.Normal colon tissue and colon carcinoma show no difference in heparanase promoter methylation[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):309-313.

[14]Kutsenko OS,Kovner AV,Mostovich LA,et al.Expression of heparanase-1 in prostate gland tumors[J].Bull Exp Biol Med,2012,152(3):344-347.

[15]Baker AB,Gibson WJ,Kolachalama VB,et al.Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(17):1551-1560.

[16]Sung JJ,Lau JY,Goh KL,et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Asia:implications for screening[J].Lancet Oncol,2005,6(11):87l-876.

(收稿日期:2014-03-18本文編輯:林利利)

[10]Xu Y,Yuan J,Zhang Z,et al.Syndecan-1 expression in human glioma is correlated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis[J].Mol Biol Rep,2012,39(9):8979-8985.

[11]Shevelev OB,Rykova VI,Fedoseeva LA,et al.Expression of Ext1,Ext2,and heparanase genes in brain of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in earlyontogenesis and during development of neurodegenerative changes[J].Biochemistry,2012,77(1):56-61.

[12]Rops AL,van den Hoven MJ,Veldman BA,et al.Urinary heparanase activity in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2012,27(7):2853-2861.

[13]Peerless Y,Simon E,Sabo E,et al.Normal colon tissue and colon carcinoma show no difference in heparanase promoter methylation[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):309-313.

[14]Kutsenko OS,Kovner AV,Mostovich LA,et al.Expression of heparanase-1 in prostate gland tumors[J].Bull Exp Biol Med,2012,152(3):344-347.

[15]Baker AB,Gibson WJ,Kolachalama VB,et al.Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2012,59(17):1551-1560.

[16]Sung JJ,Lau JY,Goh KL,et al.Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Asia:implications for screening[J].Lancet Oncol,2005,6(11):87l-876.

(收稿日期:2014-03-18本文編輯:林利利)

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