司菲菲劉芮汐許春華宋思捷胡賀芬易豈建
(1重慶醫科大學附屬兒童醫院心臟中心 重慶 400014;2兒童發育疾病研究省部共建教育部重點實驗室-兒科學重慶市重點實驗室-重慶市兒童發育重大疾病診治與預防國際科技合作基地 重慶 400014)
川崎病(KD)患者血清中抵抗素對人冠狀動脈內皮細胞(HCAEC)ET-1及NO/eNOS的作用
司菲菲1,2劉芮汐1,2許春華1,2宋思捷1,2胡賀芬1,2易豈建1△
(1重慶醫科大學附屬兒童醫院心臟中心 重慶 400014;2兒童發育疾病研究省部共建教育部重點實驗室-兒科學重慶市重點實驗室-重慶市兒童發育重大疾病診治與預防國際科技合作基地 重慶 400014)
目的探討抵抗素與川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)患兒冠狀動脈內皮細胞ET-1及NO/e NOS的關系。方法收集川崎病患兒和健康兒童血清,加入人冠狀動脈內皮細胞培養體系,分為4組:KD患兒血清組(KD組)、抵抗素組(Re組)、正常人血清組(N組)、KD患兒血清加抵抗素抗體組(KD+antiRe組)。干預24 h后,硝酸酶還原法測定細胞上清液中NO水平,real-time PCR測定細胞ET-1及eNOS的mRNA表達,ELISA檢測細胞上清抵抗素及e NOS蛋白的表達水平。結果各組抵抗素水平:與N組比較,KD組與Re組抵抗素水平明顯增高(P<0.05),KD+antiRe組抵抗素水平明顯下降(P<0.05),KD組較Re組降低(P<0.05)。各組NO水平:與N組比較,KD組和KD+antiRe組NO水平明顯升高(P<0.05),Re組下降(P<0.05);KD+antiRe組較KD組NO水平升高更明顯(P<0.05)。各組ET-1mRNA表達水平:與N組及KD+antiRe組比較,KD組、Re組的ET-1 m RNA表達水平升高(P<0.05),N組與KD+antiRe組間差異無統計學意義,KD組與Re組間差異無統計學意義。各組eNOS m RNA及蛋白表達水平:KD組、Re組與KD+antiRe組較N組均降低(P<0.05),KD組較Re組及KD+antiRe組降低(P<0.05),Re組較KD+antiRe組降低(P<0.05)。結論抵抗素參與了KD患兒冠狀動脈內皮細胞損傷,其機制可能與調節ET-1及NO/eNOS表達有關。
川崎?。↘D); 抵抗素; 冠狀動脈; 內皮細胞
川崎?。↘awasaki disease,KD),又稱皮膚黏膜淋巴結綜合征(mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome,MCLS),是一種以全身非特異性血管炎癥為主要病理改變的急性發熱性疾病,主要發生在5歲以下兒童,未經治療的KD患兒約20%發生冠狀動脈損傷,已成為兒童后天性心臟病最常見的病因之一[1],因此對其冠脈損傷的機制研究具有重要臨床意義。
抵抗素(resistin)是一種近年發現的新的脂肪細胞因子,與機體免疫反應、炎癥等密切相關[2]。已發現KD患兒血清中的抵抗素水平較正常兒童有所升高[3],抵抗素是否參與了KD的血管內皮損傷尚不明確。既往研究發現內皮素與一氧化氮(ND)系統在內皮細胞功能中起重要作用,故本課題采用川崎病患兒血清及抵抗素作用于體外培養人冠狀動脈內皮細胞(human coronary artery endothelial cell,HCAEC),觀察內皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1),NO和內皮型一氧化氮合酶(endotheliat nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)的表達水平,探討KD患兒血清中抵抗素對HCAEC損傷的作用。
實驗材料和主要試劑收集2011年11月至2012年5月在重慶醫科大學附屬兒童醫院住院治療的KD急性期患兒靜脈注射丙種球蛋白治療前的血清(n=30)。KD患兒均符合國際KD會議修訂的診斷標準[4]。同時來集正常兒童血清(n=3)。
HCAEC(ATCC編號6020),人重組抵抗素(美國SANTA公司),抵抗素抗體eNOS ELISA試劑盒,人抵抗素ELISA試劑盒(美國R&D公司),RNA提取試劑盒(北京百泰克生物技術有限公司),逆轉錄試劑盒(日本TakaRa公司)。引物由TakaRa公司合成。
HCAEC的培養和分組處理HCAEC復蘇后,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培養基,37℃、5%CO2條件下培養,待細胞生長至80%融合時按1∶2傳代,約每3天傳代1次。將處于對數生長期的HCAEC改用無血清的DMEM/F12培養基繼續培養24 h后隨機分為4組:(1)正常血清組(N組),DMEM/F12中加入10%正常兒童血清;(2)KD組,DMEM/F12中加入10%KD患兒血清;(3)KD+antiRe組,DMEM/F12中加入終濃度為2.5μg/m L的抵抗素抗體,培養2 h后加入10%KD患兒血清;(4)Re組,DMEM/F12中加入終濃度為40 ng/m L的抵抗素。各組均干預24 h。
化學比色法檢測NO水平細胞干預24 h后,收集每孔細胞上清液,室溫3 000 r/min(離心半徑13.5 cm)離心20 min,提取上清,按照說明書測定NO水平。
real-time PCR檢測HCAEC中ET-1和eNOS mRNA的表達水平細胞經上述處理后即刻提取各組細胞RNA,逆轉錄為cDNA作為real-timePCR的模板,反應體系為12.5μL,引物序列見表1。ET-1、e NOS擴增條件:95℃預變性5 min,94℃變性30 s,60℃退火30 s,72℃延伸1 min,共35個循環,最后72℃延伸7 min;β-actin擴增條件:95℃預變性5 min,94℃變性30 s,55℃退火30 s,72℃延伸1min,共35個循環,最后72℃延伸7 min。取PCR產物進行2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,利用凝膠掃描系統進行陽性條帶吸光度(D)積分掃描,以β-actin為內參,計算ET-1和eNOS的mRNA相對表達量。

表1 PCR引物序列Tah 1 Sequences of RT-PCR primers
ELISA檢測細胞eNOS蛋白表達水平及抵抗素水平細胞干預24 h后,收集每孔細胞上清液,室溫3 000 r/min(離心半徑13.5 cm)離心20 min后提取上清,按照說明書測定eNOS及抵抗素的蛋白表達水平。
統計學處理所有實驗數據經SPSS 17.0統計軟件進行統計學分析,數據以±s表示,采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
各組抵抗素水平的比較與N組比較,KD組和Re組的抵抗素水平明顯增高,KD+antiRe組的抵抗素水平明顯下降,KD組較N組及KD+antiRe組升高,較Re組降低,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05,表2)。
HCAEC上清液中NO水平的比較與N組比較,KD組和KD+antiRe組的NO水平明顯升高(P<0.05),Re組下降(P<0.05)。KD+antiRe組較KD組NO水平明顯升高(P<0.05,表2)。
HCEAC中ET-1 mRNA表達水平real-time PCR檢測的吸光度經內參β-actin校正,KD組與Re組的ET-1 mRNA表達水平較N組明顯升高,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),KD+antiRe組的ET-1m RNA表達較KD組明顯降低,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),KD組與Re組間的差異無統計學意義,N組與KD+antiRe組間的差異無統計學意義(表2,圖1)。
HCEAC中eNOS mRNA表達水平real-time PCR檢測的吸光度經內參β-actin校正,KD組、KD+antiRe組及Re組的eNOS mRNA表達水平較N組明顯降低,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),KD組較KD+antiRe組明顯降低(P<0.05,表2,圖2)。
各組eNOS蛋白表達水平KD組、KD+antiRe組及Re組的eNOS蛋白水平較N組明顯降低,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),KD組較KD+antiRe組明顯降低(P<0.05,表2)。
表2 各組抵抗素和NO水平、ET-1和eNOS的mRNA表達、eNOS蛋白表達的比較Tah 2 Comparison of resistin levels,NO production,ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions,eNOS protein expression among the 4 groups (±s)

表2 各組抵抗素和NO水平、ET-1和eNOS的mRNA表達、eNOS蛋白表達的比較Tah 2 Comparison of resistin levels,NO production,ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions,eNOS protein expression among the 4 groups (±s)
(1)vs.N group,P<0.05;(2)vs.KD group,P<0.05.
GroupResistin levels(U/L)NO(μmol/L)ET-1 mRNA (times)eNOS m RNA (times)eNOS protein(U/L)KD3.74±0.27(1)72.2±2.20(1)1.51±0.33(1)0.21±0.12(1)31.83±0.59(1)Re37.02±1.38(1)41.3±2.15(1)1.52±0.29(1)0.59±0.14(1)32.03±1.09(1)KD+antiRe0.35±0.11(1)(2)85.7±2.25(1)(2)0.88±0.16(2)0.89±0.11(1)(2)36.83±0.40(1)(2)64 N1.60±0.1857.03±1.251.07±0.401.20±0.1838.13±0.

圖1 各組HCAECs ET-1mRNA表達比較Fig 1 ET-1 mRNA in each groupM:Marker;Lane l:N group;Lane 2:KD group;Lane 3:KD+antiRe group;Lane 4:Re group;Lane 5-8:β-actin.

圖2 各組eNOSmRNA表達Fig 2 eNOS mRNA in each groupM:Marker;Lane 1:KD+antiRe group;Lane 2:KD group;Lane 3:N group;Lane 4:Re group.
KD的主要病理改變為全身血管炎癥,其主要并發癥為冠狀動脈損害,如冠狀動脈擴張、冠狀動脈瘤等,嚴重者可導致死亡[5],已成為兒童后天性心臟病的主要原因。KD發生冠狀動脈損傷的機制目前尚不完全清楚,但多項臨床及實驗研究表明內皮功能障礙參與了其病理過程[6]。
脂肪因子參與免疫反應及炎癥過程,可調節內皮細胞功能及血管內環境穩態[7],其中抵抗素是存在于血清中的富含半胱氨酸的分泌性蛋白,與單核細胞和巨噬細胞的功能有關[8-9],抵抗素表達增高可作為炎癥標志[10]。臨床也發現冠狀動脈粥樣硬化患者血清中抵抗素大量增加[11]。課題組前期研究及其他研究已證實,KD急性期,尤其是伴有冠狀動脈損害的患兒血清中抵抗素水平明顯升高[3,12]。正常血漿中抵抗素約為10 ng/m L,而KD伴有動脈瘤形成的患兒血漿中抵抗素可高達37 ng/m L,提示抵抗素可能與KD冠脈內皮病變有關。
ET-1是一種經典的內皮衍生的縮血管活性物質,病理狀態時大量合成和釋放,導致多種心血管疾病,如心力衰竭、冠脈粥樣硬化[13-14]。研究發現KD患者血漿中ET-1明顯增高[15]。本實驗結果中KD組和Re組刺激HCAEC 24 h后,ET-1表達明顯增高,提示在川崎病急性期,抵抗素可能會刺激HCAEC中ET-1上調,進一步影響HCAEC功能。
NO具有廣泛的生理作用,生理劑量NO可以維持血管的正常張力,病理濃度則可引起血管持續擴張,引發動脈粥樣硬化、心力衰竭、血管炎等疾病,另一方面也可對細胞產生毒性作用[16]。一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxide synthase,NOS)是催化NO合成的關鍵酶,包括包括誘導型NOS(induciblenitricoxide synthase,iNOS)、神 經 元 型 NOS (nervous nitricoxide synthase,NOS)和eNOS等3種亞型,eNOS在血管內皮細胞、心肌細胞、血小板等多種細胞上均有表達,在NO的生成過程中也具有重要作用[17-18]。病理狀態時,e NOS生成障礙或者表達降低,不僅會使血管內皮舒張受損,還會加重動脈粥樣硬化等的血管炎癥[19]。在KD冠脈瘤死亡患者的病理檢查中發現其HCAEC eNOS表達明顯降低,遠遠低于正常HCAEC表達[20]。也有研究發現,抵抗素可降低eNOS表達,同時降低NO生成量[21]。本實驗結果中病理濃度抵抗素刺激HCAEC 24 h后,NO生成量、eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平均比N組下降,提示抵抗素可下調HCAEC中NO/eNOS。當川崎病血清刺激HCAEC時,eNOS m RNA及蛋白水平明顯下降,而經抵抗素抗體干預后eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平、NO生成量升高,這提示川崎病NO/eNOS下調、HCAEC損傷可能與抵抗素的調節有關。
川崎病死亡病例病理檢查時發現,HCAEC中eNOS幾乎不表達,iNOS表達明顯升高[22]。iNOS也是誘導NO生成的關鍵酶,其在炎癥刺激時高表達,提示了在川崎病冠脈損傷時,大量生成的NO可能由iNOS高表達所誘導,從而損傷冠脈;川崎病血清中含有多種因子,對NO的生成也有一定影響。這也解釋了本實驗結果中川崎病血清刺激HCAEC后eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平下降,而NO生成量卻明顯升高。
綜上所述,本實驗首次研究了川崎病血清中的抵抗素對HCAEC中ET-1及內源性NO/eNOS的作用,結果顯示,抵抗素可能通過誘導ET-1表達升高及下調內源性NO/e NOS對HCAEC造成影響。調節ET-1及eNOS的合成及釋放有多條通路,如AP-1,EMPK 通路等[23],抵抗素誘導 ET-1及eNOS變化的具體機制有待進一步研究。
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Role of resistin in serum of patients with Kawasaki disease(KD)on ET-1 and NO/eNOSin human coronary artery endothelial cells(HCAEC)
SI Fei-fei1,2,LIU Rui-xi1,2,XU Chun-hua1,2,SONG Si-jie,HU He-fen1,2,YI Qi-jian1△
(1Heart Center,Children′s Hospital of Chogqing Medical University,Chongqing400014,China;2Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder Co-founded by Provincial Goverment and Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing-Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders,Chongqing400014,China)
kawasaki disease(KD); resistin; coronary artery; endothelial cell
R 725.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2014.02.003
2013-05-27;編輯:沈玲)
國家自然科學基金(81270412)
△Corresponding author E-mail:1105643760@qq.com
【Ahstract】 OhJectiveTo explore the relationship between resistin and lesion of coronary artery endothelial cell in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).MethodsCollected sera from patients inthe acute phase of KD those weren't treated with gamma globulin;Confluent monolayers of HCAEC were incubated in 4 groups:Normal serum group(N),KD serum group(KD),KD serum with antiresistin antibody group(KD+antiRe)and Resistin group(Re).After 24 hours,chemical colorimetry was used to detect NO production,and the mRNA expressions of ET-1 and eNOS were detected by real-time PCR.The protein expressions of restin and eNOS were detected by ELISA.ResultsThe resistin level:compared with N group,resistin production increased in KD group and Re group;while compared with Re group,they were decreased significantly in KD+antiRe group and KD group(P<0.05).The NO level:compared with N group,NO level significantly increased in KD group and KD+antiRe group(P<0.05),while it decreased in Re group(P<0.05),and the increment was more obviously in KD+antiRe group than in KD group(P<0.05).The expression of ET-1 mRNA:they were higher in KD group and Re group than in N group and KD+antiRe group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between N group and KD+antiRe group,KD group and Re group.The expressions of eNOS mRNA and protein in KD group,Re group and KD+antiRe group were all lower than in N group(P<0.05),and the decreasement was more obviously in KD group than in Re group and KD+antiRe group(P<0.05).ConclusionsResistin may be involved in the occurrence and development of coronary artery endothelial cell in children with KD,and the mechanism may be associated with the regulation of ET1 and NO/eNOS expressions.
*This work was supported hy the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81270412).